Objective To investigate the effectiveness of ultrasound in evaluating the degree of xerostomia in the patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma ( NPC) receiving intensity?modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). Methods A total of 30 NPC patients who were admitted to our hospital from May 2013 to December 2014 were enrolled in this study. The degree of xerostomia in these NPC patients was scored according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group scoring criteria. Color Doppler ultrasound was used to measure the peak systolic blood flow velocity of the parotid gland and submandibular gland and the changes in vascular diameter of the parotid gland in the NPC patients before, during, and after IMRT. The correlation between each parameter and the degree of xerostomia was determined by analysis of variance. Results In the 28 NPC patients included in the statistical analysis, the degree of xerostomia during IMRT was significantly higher than that before IMRT ( P=0024 ) , and the degree of xerostomia at 3 months after IMRT was significantly lower than that during IMRT ( P=0035) . The peak systolic blood flow velocity of the parotid gland and submandibular gland and the proportion of patients with decreases in vascular diameter of the parotid gland during IMRT were significantly higher than those before IMRT ( P=0001 and 0003;P=0001);the above parameters at 3 months after IMRT were significantly lower than those during IMRT ( P=0008 and 0012;P=0001) . During IMRT and after IMRT, the degree of xerostomia was significantly correlated with the peak systolic blood flow velocity of the parotid gland ( r=0563, P=0026;r=0409, P=0031) . Conclusions Ultrasound can be used as a noninvasive detection for the hemodynamic changes in the parotid gland, and it has a certain clinical reference value for evaluating the degree of xerostomia in NPC patients during and after IMRT.

Objective To investigate the effect of astragalus polysaccharides injection (APS) on autophagy of human nasopharyngeal cancer CNE-2 cells.Methods The inhibitory effect of APS on proliferation of CNE-2 cells was measured by CCK8 assay.Morphological changes of autophagy of APS was detected by acridine orange (AO) staining.Transmission electron microscopy was perform to observe the morphological alterations in the autophagic cells.The expression of Beclin-1 protein was detected by Western blot assay.Results APS markedly inhibited cell growth in a dose-and time-dependent manner.Increases of the number of large vacuoles and double layered membrane structure were observed by transmission electron microscopy.Results of AO staining revealed more bright red cytoplasm or nucleus in the ceradime group,which proved the existence of acidic vesicular organelles.Western blotting showed that Beclin-1 protein level was up-regulated.Conclusion APS may induce autophagy of human nasopharyngeal cancer CNE-2 cells via up-regulating the expression of apoptosis-related gene of beclin1 and inhibit the proliferation of CNE-2 cells.

Objective To conduct a bibliometric analysis of the research status of extended care for patients with hypertension in China, and to provide a basis for future nursing practice. Methods Literatures from CNKI, WANFANG MED ONLINE and CQVIP were organized with Excel, we searched literatures on status quo of extended care for patients with hypertension in China from lst January 2007 to 31st December 2016,and counted with the bibliometric method. And the number, publication year, author, source journal, fund, research type, implementation of extended care, evaluation method and research subjects of these literatures were analyzed.Results Totally 187 literatures were included in this study. The number of literatures increased year by year since 2011. Guangdong, Jiangsu and He'nan were the top 3 provinces where these literatures came, which accounted for 61 literatures (32.62%). 64.70% of the literatures came from general hospitals. A total of 11 journals published more than 4 literatures. There were 15 funded papers among the literatures (8.02%). The research type mainly was randomized controlled trial (136 literatures), but only 43 of them explained their specific random method (31.62%). There was no standard for intervention personnel, and the intervention time varied from 1 to 12 months. The control state, quality of life, treatment compliance and health behavior were research highlights in extended care.Conclusions In recent years, the number of literatures on extended care for patients with hypertension has increased year by year, but the quality of these literatures needs to be improved. Nursing staffs shall carry out evidence-based nursing, apply for more research fund, and establish an extended care model which fits the patients with hypertension in China as soon as possible.

Objective To systematically review the efficacy of hydromorphone hydrochloride injection for treatment of chronic pain.Methods Web of Science Proceedings and PubMed were searched for clinical trials involving the efficacy of hydromorphone for treatment of chronic pain, with no language or time limit.Evaluation indexes included visual analogue scale (VAS) score and the rate of pain control or relief.The studies were screened independently, and the data were extracted by two researchers.Meta-analysis was conducted using the Stata 10 software.Results Eleven studies involving 452 patients were included in our meta-analysis.VAS score was significantly decreased after treatment compared with that before treatment.For the patients with cancer pain, VAS score was significantly decreased after treatment with hydromorphone hydrochoride injection, and the rate of pain control or relief was increased when compared with the other opioid analgesics.Conclusion Hydromorphone hydrochloride injection can treat chronic pain, and it may provide better therapeutic effect than the other opioid analgesics for the patients with cancer pain.

Objective To compare the dose distribution between three dimensional conformal radiothera -py(3DCRT) and simplified intensity modulated radiotherapy ( sIMRT) for middle-third esopheagal cancer .Meth-ods Twenty middle-third esopheagal cancer patients were enrolled in this study .Dosimetric values for sIMRT and 3DCRT were calculated for total dose of 66 Gy using 2 Gy/day.The parameters included the conformal index (CI),homogeneity index(HI),mean dose and hot spot(V105%)for the planned target volume(PTV)as well as the monitor units(MUs)for plan efficiency,the mean dose(Dmean)for the organs at risk(OAR).The percentage of the normal lung volume receiving≥30,>20 and >5 Gy(V30 Gy,V20 Gy and V5 Gy)were evaluated to deter-mine lung toxity.Results sIMRT achieved significant better Dmin ,Dmean,V105%,HI,CI and spinal cord than 3DCRT(P<0.05).The normal lung V30 Gy and V20 Gy of 3DCRT and sIMRT were 11.61 ±3.68 vs.10.33 ± 3.02(P=0.010)and 23.37 ±8.38 vs.18.89 ±4.45(P=0.001),respectively.Comparable sparing of normal tissue including heart and the normal lung V 5 Gy with both two plans .The number of MU was 542 .24 ±76 .32 for 3DCRT and 530.8 ±97.13 for sIMRT(P=0.677).Conclusion sIMRT provides favorable tumor coverage , homogeneity and conformity and can get better normal lung sparing than 3DCRT.However sIMRT is not superior to 3DCRT in terms of treatment efficiency .

In the present study, stereological analysing methods were used to measure the nucleus, cytoplasm and secretive granules of mast cells in connective tissue and mucosa. It was found that there existed significant difference between them in nucleus/cytoplasm ratio, volume density, size and sphericity of granules. These quantitative results might be served as the main morphological parameters of distinguishing the two types of mast cells.

Objective A quantitative study of the DNA skeletal muscle cell nuclei during 0～96h postmortem was performed.Method By the histochemical and image analysis.Result The color and the areas of the nuclei stained with the Feulgen staining method became fainter and smaller gradually at 12 hpm. There was a linear relationship between the degradation rate of the nuclear DNA and the length of the PMI.Conclusion The quantitative image analysis of DNA has a wide prospect of application, but the method has been studied further in aspects of the precise and standadization of the method as well as the effects exerted on the results from the study materials.