Objective:To investigate the changing trend of mortality rate and death cause spectrum among household-registered residents aged 60 and above in Beijing from 2007 to 2020.Methods:The mortality data was collected from the Beijing Death Information Registration and Management System. We calculated the mortality rates and constituent ratios by gender, age groups, and death causes and estimated the changing trend of mortality rate and average annual percent change (AAPC) by Joinpoint 4.3.1.Results:The crude mortality rate decreased from 27.62‰ in 2007 to 23.55‰ in 2020 (AAPC=-1.18%, P<0.001), and the standard rate also decreased from 25.39‰ in 2007 to 19.85‰ in 2020 (AAPC=-1.68%, P<0.001) among registered residents aged 60 and above in Beijing. The top 5 causes of death were heart diseases, malignant tumors, cerebrovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, and endocrine and nutritional metabolic diseases, accounting for 87.1% of the total deaths. The mortality rates of heart diseases (AAPC=-1.08%, P=0.024), cerebrovascular diseases (AAPC=-3.79%, P<0.001), malignant tumors (AAPC=-0.31%, P=0.006) and respiratory diseases (AAPC=-5.56%, P=0.007) showed a decreasing trend. The rate of injury and poisoning showed an increasing trend (AAPC=1.54%, P=0.001), while no statistically significant change was found in endocrine and nutritional metabolic diseases mortality rates (AAPC=-1.46%, P=0.054). Conclusions:The mortality rate of registered residents aged 60 years and over in Beijing showed a downward trend from 2007 to 2020. Heart diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, malignant tumors, and respiratory diseases should be treated as the key diseases for prevention and control, and targeted measures should be taken to improve the health level of the elderly population.

Objective:To detect serum levels of vitamin A (Vit A), vitamin D(Vit D)25-hydroxy vitamin D[25-(OH)D] and vitamin E(Vit E) in children aged 0-6 years in Tibetan Plateau of Garzi Prefecture, thus providing references for physical examinations and prevention of 4 key diseases (rickets, malnutrition anemia, pneumonia and diarrhea) in children in plateau areas by relevant government departments.Methods:A total of 2 122 children who participated in physical examination in 12 townships of Xiangcheng County and 14 townships of Daocheng County, Garzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province from April 2017 to April 2019 with 0-6 years old were recruited for surveying physical measurements and collection of venous blood.Serum Vit A and Vit E levels were detected by high performance liquid chromatography.Serum levels of 25-(OH)D were detected by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.The relationship between Vit A, Vit E and 25-(OH)D levels with the gender, age, seasonal change and altitude was analyzed.Results:The serum Vit A level, subclinical Vit A deficiency rate and marginal vitamin A deficiency rate were(1.05±0.27) μmol/L, 8.15%(173/2 122 cases) and 45.99%(976/2 122 cases), respectively in 2 122 children with 0-6 years old.There were significant differences in the serum Vit A level, the subclinical Vit A deficiency rate and the marginal vitamin A deficiency rate in children with different ages, seasons and altitudes (all P<0.05). The serum level of 25-(OH)D and 25-(OH)D deficiency rate insufficient rate were (24.65±6.45) ng/L, 6.03%(128/2 122 cases) and 16.59%(352/2 122 cases), respectively.There were significant differences in the serum level of 25-(OH)D, 25-(OH)D deficiency rate and 25-(OH)D insufficient rate in children with different ages and seasons (all P<0.05). The mean serum Vit E level, Vit E deficiency rate and Vit E insufficient rate were (7.81±1.74) mg/L, 2.78%(59/2 122 cases) and 29.59%(628/2 122 cases), respectively.There were significant differences in serum Vit E level, Vit E deficiency rate and Vit E insufficient rate in children with different ages and seasons (all P<0.05). The mean serum levels of Vit A and Vit D remained the lowest before the age of 1 year, and their deficiencies at this age were the most significant.The mean serum level of Vit E remained the lowest in >1-2 years old, and its deficiency and insufficient at this age were the most significant.Vit A, D and E levels were significantly affected by seasonal changes, which were significantly higher in the summer than in the spring, autumn and winter.In addition, Vit A and 25-(OH)D were significantly affected by the altitude, which were the lowest above 4 km altitude. Conclusions:The overall serum levels of Vit A, 25-(OH) D and E in children with 0-6 years old in Tibetan Plateau areas of Ganzi Prefecture are lower than those in plain areas.Vit A, 25-(OH) D and Vit E levels significantly differed in the age, season and altitude, which are related to the lack of local resources, insufficient maternal nutrition during pregnancy and insufficient intake after birth, as well as temperature and light caused by changes in local seasons and altitude.Therefore, it is necessary to make reasonable supplements during pregnancy to prevent vitamin deficiency.

Objective:To explore the relationship between iodine and hypothyroidism.Methods:Patients with primary hypothyroidism (hypothyroidism group) and healthy people (control group) from Linfen City who first came to the Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Treatment in 2017 and 2018 were selected as the research subjects. One random urine sample and fasting venous blood sample were collected from the research subjects. The levels of urinary iodine, blood iodine and serum total triiodothyronine (TT 3), total thyroxine (TT 4), free triiodothyronine (FT 3), free thyroxine (FT 4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), anti-thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) were detected. According to the results of TSH level, hypothyroidism group was divided into hypothyroidism Ⅰ group (TSH≥10.00 mU/L) and hypothyroidism Ⅱ group (4.20 mU/L < TSH < 10.00 mU/L), and they were compared with control group (0.27 mU/L≤TSH≤4.20 mU/L). Results:A total of 97, 96 and 175 research subjects were included in hypothyroidism Ⅰ group, hypothyroidism Ⅱ group and control group, respectively. There was no significant difference in urinary iodine levels among the three groups ( H = 0.631, P > 0.05). The blood iodine levels [(40.70 ± 21.08), (58.59 ± 14.55), (59.50 ± 11.89) μg/L] in the three groups were significantly different ( F = 50.559, P < 0.01), and the blood iodine level in hypothyroidismⅠgroup was lower than that in hypothyroidism Ⅱ group and control group ( P < 0.01). The levels of TT 3 [median (interquartile range): 1.59 (0.99, 2.05), 2.25 (1.98, 2.59), 2.14 (1.89, 2.49) nmol/L], TT 4 [35.18 (16.06, 70.23), 105.68 (83.38, 133.19), 107.18 (89.92, 128.30) nmol/L], FT 3 [3.48 (1.94, 4.52), 5.01 (4.57, 5.50), 5.02 (4.64, 5.55) pmol/L] and FT 4 [7.14 (3.12, 10.76), 15.31 (13.87, 17.11), 16.69 (14.87, 18.20) pmol/L] in the three groups were significantly different ( H = 66.197, 142.461, 94.508, 166.557, P < 0.01). After further pairwise comparison, the levels of TT 3, TT 4, FT 3, and FT 4 in hypothyroidism Ⅰ group were significantly lower than those in hypothyroidism Ⅱ group and control group ( P < 0.01). The levels of TgAb and TPOAb in the three groups were significantly different ( H = 85.507, 101.726, P < 0.01). After further pairwise comparison, the levels of TgAb and TPOAb in hypothyroidismⅠgroup were significantly higher than those in hypothyroidism Ⅱ group and control group ( P < 0.01); and the levels of TgAb and TPOAb in hypothyroidism Ⅱ group were significantly higher than those in control group ( P < 0.01). The correlation analysis showed that urinary iodine was positively correlated with blood iodine ( r = 0.170, P < 0.05); blood iodine was positively correlated with TT 3, TT 4, FT 3, and FT 4 levels ( r s = 0.484, 0.594, 0.383, 0.509, P < 0.01), and it was negatively correlated with TSH level ( r s = - 0.373, P < 0.01). Conclusion:Hypothyroidism patients with TSH≥10.00 mU/L may have low blood iodine level.

Objective To investigate the effect of astragalus polysaccharides injection (APS) on autophagy of human nasopharyngeal cancer CNE-2 cells.Methods The inhibitory effect of APS on proliferation of CNE-2 cells was measured by CCK8 assay.Morphological changes of autophagy of APS was detected by acridine orange (AO) staining.Transmission electron microscopy was perform to observe the morphological alterations in the autophagic cells.The expression of Beclin-1 protein was detected by Western blot assay.Results APS markedly inhibited cell growth in a dose-and time-dependent manner.Increases of the number of large vacuoles and double layered membrane structure were observed by transmission electron microscopy.Results of AO staining revealed more bright red cytoplasm or nucleus in the ceradime group,which proved the existence of acidic vesicular organelles.Western blotting showed that Beclin-1 protein level was up-regulated.Conclusion APS may induce autophagy of human nasopharyngeal cancer CNE-2 cells via up-regulating the expression of apoptosis-related gene of beclin1 and inhibit the proliferation of CNE-2 cells.

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of ultrasound in evaluating the degree of xerostomia in the patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma ( NPC) receiving intensity?modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). Methods A total of 30 NPC patients who were admitted to our hospital from May 2013 to December 2014 were enrolled in this study. The degree of xerostomia in these NPC patients was scored according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group scoring criteria. Color Doppler ultrasound was used to measure the peak systolic blood flow velocity of the parotid gland and submandibular gland and the changes in vascular diameter of the parotid gland in the NPC patients before, during, and after IMRT. The correlation between each parameter and the degree of xerostomia was determined by analysis of variance. Results In the 28 NPC patients included in the statistical analysis, the degree of xerostomia during IMRT was significantly higher than that before IMRT ( P=0024 ) , and the degree of xerostomia at 3 months after IMRT was significantly lower than that during IMRT ( P=0035) . The peak systolic blood flow velocity of the parotid gland and submandibular gland and the proportion of patients with decreases in vascular diameter of the parotid gland during IMRT were significantly higher than those before IMRT ( P=0001 and 0003;P=0001);the above parameters at 3 months after IMRT were significantly lower than those during IMRT ( P=0008 and 0012;P=0001) . During IMRT and after IMRT, the degree of xerostomia was significantly correlated with the peak systolic blood flow velocity of the parotid gland ( r=0563, P=0026;r=0409, P=0031) . Conclusions Ultrasound can be used as a noninvasive detection for the hemodynamic changes in the parotid gland, and it has a certain clinical reference value for evaluating the degree of xerostomia in NPC patients during and after IMRT.

Objective To investigate the effect of acarbose on waist circumference (WC) in patients with IGR. Methods A total of 46 subjects with IGT (2 hPG>7.8 mmol/L) were selected in this study. All the subjects were given diet and exercise treatment for half a month and then treated with acarbose for 3 months in combination with life style modification. Self-paired method was adopted to compare islet βcell function and WC before and after the treatment. Results After acarbose treatment for 3 months ,islet βcell function were markedly improved. Insulin secretion of Fins and 2 hIns decreased ,early insulin secretion index (ΔI30/ΔG30 ) significantly increased ,and BMI and WC were reduced significantly (P<0.05) . Multiple regression analysis showed that there was correlation between WC and TG ,insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and islet β-cell function index (HOMA-β) (P< 0.05). Conclusion Acarbose in combination with life style modification can improve islet β-cell function in patients with IGR and reduce WC and abdominal fat accumulation as well.

Objective:To study the efficacy of drugs combined with rehabilitation training in the treatment of schizophrenia and the influence on social function. Methods:Totally 160 cases of schizophrene were divided into the control group and the observation group according to the admission time sequence with 80 ones in each. The control group was treated with medicines, and the observation group was given labor skills training, life skills training and health education additionally. The treatment course was 8 weeks. Before and after the treatment, brief psychiatric rating scale ( BPRS) and inpatient rehabilitation efficacy rating scale ( IPROS) were used to evaluate the clinical efficacy and social function of the two groups, and the score changes and curative effect in the two groups were compared. Results:After the treatment, BPRS and IPROS in the two groups were significantly decreased from the fourth week ( P<0. 05), and the reduction degree in the observation group was significantly larger than that in the control group (P<0. 05). There was no statistically significant difference in BPRS and IPROS of efficacy between the two groups (P>0. 05), while BPRS and IPROS of ef-fective rate in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0. 05). Conclusion:Drugs combined with rehabilitation training in the treatment of schizophrenia patients can improve mental symptoms, social life ability and cognitive function, which is better than drug treatment alone.

Objective To investigate the correlation between uric acid level and macrovascular disease in type 2 diabetic patients.Methods Sixty type 2 diabetic patients with lower limb atherosclerosis of carotid artery were randomly selected in study group who hospitalized in the First Hospital of Zibo from Mar.to Feb.2012.Sixty type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) without carotid and lower limb athemsclerosis were served as control group.The blood pressure,blood lipid,blood glucose and other biochemical indexes,including blood uric acid,serum insulin (FNS),fasting blood glucose (FPG),apolipoprotein a (LP (a)),apolipoprotein A1,B (APO-A1,APO-B),glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c),high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),low density lipopmtein cholesterol (LDL-C),triacylglycerol (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) were measured and determined.Results There was no significant difference in terms of blood pressure,blood lipid levels,APO-A1,APO-B,HbA1C,FNS and FPG in study group patiems (P ＞ 0.05).The level LP(a) in study group was (0.4 ± 0.2) g/L,significantly higher than that in control group ((0.2 ± 0.2) g/L; t =3.842,P ＜ 0.01).The blood uric acid level in study group was (362.3 ± 112.8)mmol/L,significantly higher than that of the control group((284.8 ±68.6)mmol/L;t =3.188,P＜0.01).Conclusion Uric acid and LP(a) are involved in the oocurrence and development of athemsclemsis,which is close related to the development of type 2 diabetic macmangiopathy.Therefore,in the process of preventing type 2 diabetes with macroangiopathy,we should pay attention to uric acid and LP (a) of the patient beside effective control of blood glucose,blood pressure,blood lipid level.

Objective To compare the dose distribution between three dimensional conformal radiothera -py(3DCRT) and simplified intensity modulated radiotherapy ( sIMRT) for middle-third esopheagal cancer .Meth-ods Twenty middle-third esopheagal cancer patients were enrolled in this study .Dosimetric values for sIMRT and 3DCRT were calculated for total dose of 66 Gy using 2 Gy/day.The parameters included the conformal index (CI),homogeneity index(HI),mean dose and hot spot(V105%)for the planned target volume(PTV)as well as the monitor units(MUs)for plan efficiency,the mean dose(Dmean)for the organs at risk(OAR).The percentage of the normal lung volume receiving≥30,>20 and >5 Gy(V30 Gy,V20 Gy and V5 Gy)were evaluated to deter-mine lung toxity.Results sIMRT achieved significant better Dmin ,Dmean,V105%,HI,CI and spinal cord than 3DCRT(P<0.05).The normal lung V30 Gy and V20 Gy of 3DCRT and sIMRT were 11.61 ±3.68 vs.10.33 ± 3.02(P=0.010)and 23.37 ±8.38 vs.18.89 ±4.45(P=0.001),respectively.Comparable sparing of normal tissue including heart and the normal lung V 5 Gy with both two plans .The number of MU was 542 .24 ±76 .32 for 3DCRT and 530.8 ±97.13 for sIMRT(P=0.677).Conclusion sIMRT provides favorable tumor coverage , homogeneity and conformity and can get better normal lung sparing than 3DCRT.However sIMRT is not superior to 3DCRT in terms of treatment efficiency .

Objective To detect the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and Periostin in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR),and to explore its chnical significance.Methods A total of 52 patients with DR (DR group),36 non-DR diabetic patients (non-DR group) and 30 healthy person (normal control group) were enrolled.The 52 cases of DR patients were divided into non-proliferative DR (PDR) group (non-PDR group,24 cases) and PDR group (28 cases).The expressions of serum VEGF and Periostin were detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis.Results The serum expressions of VEGF and Periostin were significantly higher in non-DR group and DR group than those in normal control group [(122.63 ±28.74),(163.58 ±42.37) mg/L vs.(91.53 ± 19.58) mg/L,(110.15 ±32.62),(146.51 ± 41.74) mg/L vs.(82.26 ± 21.17) mg/L,P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01].The serum expressions of VEGF and Periostin were significantly higher in DR group than those in non-DR group (P ＜0.05).The serum expressions of VEGF and Periostin were significantly higher in PDR group than those in non-PDR group [(174.15 ±47.31) mg/L vs.(147.66 ±38.25) mag/L,(160.31 ±46.43) mg/L vs.(132.14 ±35.62)mg/L,P ＜ 0.05].The serum expression of VEGF was positively related with Periostin (r =0.415,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The high-expressions of VEGF and Periostin are found in DR patients,and which maybe play a key role in the early diagnosis and assessment the progression of DR patients.