As a non-essential metal, cadmium (Cd) pollution poses severe threats to plant growth, environment, and human health. Phytoextraction using nursery stocks prior to their transplantation is a potential useful approach for bioremediation of Cd contaminated soil. A greenhouse pot experiment was performed to investigate the growth, Cd accumulation, profiles of transcriptome as well as root-associated microbiomes of Photinia frase in Cd-added soil, upon inoculation of two types of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Sieverdingia tortuosa and Funneliformis mosseae. Compared with the control, inoculation of F. mosseae increased Cd concentrations in root, stem and leaf by 57.2%, 44.1% and 71.1%, respectively, contributing to a total Cd content of 182 μg/plant. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that hundreds of genes involved in 'Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway', 'plant hormone signal transduction', 'biosynthesis of secondary metabolites' and 'glycolysis/gluconeogenesis' were enriched upon inoculation of F. mosseae. The relative abundance of Acidobacteria was increased upon inoculation of S. tortuosa, while Chloroflexi and Patescibacteria were increased upon inoculation of F. mosseae, and the abundance of Glomerales increased from 23.0% to above 70%. Correlation analysis indicated that ethylene-responsive transcription factor, alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde synthase, isoamylase and agmatine deiminase related genes were negatively associated with the relative abundance of Glomerales operational taxonomic units (OTUs) upon inoculation of F. mosseae. In addition, plant cysteine oxidase, heat shock protein, cinnamoyl-CoA reductase and abscisic acid receptor related genes were positively associated with the relative abundance of Patescibacteria OTUs upon inoculation of F. mosseae. These finding suggested that AMF can enhance P. frase Cd uptake by modulating plant gene expression and altering the structure of the soil microbial community. This study provides a theoretical basis for better understanding the relationship between root-associated microbiomes and root transcriptomes of P. frase, from which a cost-effective and environment-friendly strategy for phytoextraction of Cd in Cd-polluted soil might be developed.
Cadmium ; Humans ; Microbiota ; Mycorrhizae ; Photinia ; Soil Pollutants ; Transcriptome

【Objective】 To explore the influencing factors and characteristics of blood donation-related vasovagal reactions in whole blood donation in Hefei city, and to put forward specific prevention measures. 【Methods】 Whole blood donors with vasovagal reactions related to blood donation in Hefei area from January 2021 to December 2021 were selected as the study subjects, and the related factors such as gender, age, blood donation month, initial or multiple blood donation, blood donation volume, blood donation location, and organization type of blood donation were retrospectively analyzed. 【Results】 The incidence of blood donation-related vasovagal reactions was 10.46‰ in the whole blood donation in Hefei in 2021, among which 71.89% occurred during blood collection. There were statistically significant differences in blood donation-related vasovagal reactions by blood donation age, blood donation history, blood collection month, organization type of blood donation and blood donation volume(P<0.05), but not by gender and location of blood collection(P>0.05). After balancing the age factors, there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of DRVR between donors aged 18~22 and 23~29 years by gender(P>0.05), while there were significant differences in blood donors aged 30~39, 40~49, and 50~60 years by gender(P<0.05). Among blood donors of different ages, there were statistically different incidences of DRVR among first-time and repeated donors (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 In the process of whole blood donation, attention should be paid to blood donors first-time, young (18~30 years old) and student, which can help prevent the occurrence of blood donation-related vasovagal reactions and better retain blood donors.

AIM: To investigate the effects and protective mechanism of Tianma Gouteng (TGY) against rotenone (Rot) damage in PC12 cells. METHODS: PC12 cells were treated with Rot to establish nerve injury model and cell survival rate was determined by MTT colorimetry to determine the optimal modeling concentration of Rot and effective intervention concentration of TGY. Lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by flow cytometry and fluorescence intensity was observed by inverted fluorescence microscope. The biochemical methods were used to detect, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) levels and activity and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA). Transmission electron microscopy observed morphological change of mitochondria and protein expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), long chain lipoyl-coa synthase 4 (ACSL4) and lysophospholipid cholinyltransferase 3 (LPCAT3) were detected by western blot. RESULTS: The survival rate of cells treated with 0.6 μmol/L Rot for 24 h was close to 50%(56.7%±9.9%). Pretreatment with TGY for 12 h could inhibit the damage of Rot. At the same time, the leakage rate of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was reduced in a dose-dependent manner. Lipid ROS content increased after the treatment of Rot, whereas pretreatment with TGY effectively reduced lipid ROS content, decreased MDA level and increased SOD activity and GSH level in damaged cells in cells damaged by Rot. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the mitochondria of PC12 cells were shrunk after the damage of 0.6 μmol/L Rot and the mitochondrial morphology of PC12 cells was improved to some extent after preprotection of TGY compared with normal group. Western blot results showed that TGY pretreatment could increase the expression of GPX4 and reduce the expression of ACSL4 and LPCAT3 after damage of Rot to a certain extent. CONCLUSION: TGY can improve nerve damage by up-regulating the expression of GPX4 protein, down-regulating the expression of ACSL4 and LPCAT3 protein to inhibit the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids, reduce the level of lipid peroxidation and ROS content.

AIM: To investigate the protective mechanism of gastrodin against hydrogen peroxide (H

Objective:To investigate the expression level of Ki-67 in the bone marrow biopsy of newly diagnosed MM patients, and its relationship with clinical efficacy and prognosis.Methods:Bone marrow pathological samples of 124 newly diagnosed MM patients in Jiangsu Province Hospital from January 2012 to June 2017 were collected. The expression level of Ki-67 in myeloma cells was detected by using immunohistochemistry. X-tile software was applied to find a cutoff of Ki-67. The patients were divided into the high Ki-67 expression group and the low Ki-67 expression group, and the clinical characteristics, therapeutic efficacy and survival of both groups were compared. Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was used to analyze the counting data. Kaplan-Meier method was applied to make survival anlaysis. Cox regression model was used for univariate prognostic analysis and multivariate prognostic analysis.Results:A total of 124 newly diagnosed MM patients were enrolled with median follow-up of 36 months. The proportion of the positive myeloma cells in abnormal plasmocytes was used to quantize the expression level of Ki-67. Using a cutoff of 20%, these cases could be divided into two groups; the proportion of positive cells was lower than 20% (the low Ki-67 expression group) and the proportion of positive cells was 20% or above (the high Ki-67 expression group). There were 27 cases (21.7%) in the high expression group and 97 cases (78.2%) in the low expression group. There were no statistically significant differences in the clinical characteristics and treatment regimens (all P > 0.05). The overall remission rate (ORR) of patients in the high Ki-67 expression group was lower than that of patients in the low Ki-67 expression group [59.3% (16/27) vs. 83.5% (81/97)], and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2 = 7.290, P = 0.007). The percentage of patients who achieved very good partial remission (VGPR) and complete remission in the high Ki-67 expression group was lower than that of those in the low Ki-67 expression group [33.3% (9/27) vs. 66.0% (64/97)], and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2 = 9.297, P = 0.002). There were statistically significant differences in the median progression free survival (PFS) time (12.0 months vs. 31.0 months, P < 0.01) and 3-year PFS rate (10% vs. 37%, P = 0.002). The median overall survival (OS) time was 39.0 months and 56.5 months in the high and low Ki-67 expression groups, respectively ( P = 0.003). The multivariate analysis showed that high Ki-67 expression was an independent affecting factor for PFS ( HR = 3.592, 95% CI 1.921-6.719, P < 0.01) and OS ( HR = 3.511, 95% CI 1.537-8.022, P = 0.003). Conclusions:High expression of Ki-67 is an independent poor prognostic factor affecting therapeutic effect and survival for newly diagnosed MM patients.

OBJECTIVE: To detect chromosomal aberrations by using cytoplasmic light chain immunofluorescence with fluorescence in situ hybridization (cIg-FISH), and to explore the correlation of del(17p13) with clinical characteristics, drug response and prognosis among patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM). METHODS: Clinical data of 198 cases of NDMM was collected. cIg-FISH and a specific probe (TP53) were used to detect karyotypic abnormalities in bone marrow samples derived from the patients. Correlation between karyotypic abnormalities and clinical data was analyzed. RESULTS: Nineteen of the 198 patients (9.6%) were found to have a karyotype involving del(17p13). The overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) for patients with or without del(17p13) was significantly different (P<0.01). No significant difference was found in OS and PFS between patients carrying a del(17p13) on bortezomib and non-bortezomib regimen (OS: P = 0.873; PFS: P = 0.610). CONCLUSION cIg-FISH is a simple and convenient method for the detection of karyotypic anomalies in multiple myeloma. Del(17p13) is an indicator for poor prognosis for multiple myeloma patients. Bortezomib cannot improve the survival disadvantage of del(17p13).

Objective To explore nurse students' perceptions of the power dynamics in the teacher-student relationship during their clinical practice. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted on 15 nurse students using phenomenological methodology. Data were analyzed by Colaizzi′s sphenomenological procedure. Results Three core themes that emerged from the qualitative data:meanings of power; the desired power dynamics; enhancing the clinical learning experience. Conclusions The dominant theme in the participants' discourse is that teachers should possess more power than students in order to prevent students from causing harm to patients.The consensus is that the teacher's power in supervising students'clinical practice is necessary for the benefit of patient safety.

Objective To explore the association between hearing loss and dysfunction of the vestibular end-organ in older individuals. To evaluate the common risk factors for hearing loss and otolith dysfunction. Meth-ods A total of 120 elderly patients without any vestibular symptoms were recruited in this study. They were divid-ed into two groups:a study group(patients with presbycusis)and a control group(patients without presbycusis). Audiological status was measured with pure tone audiometry and the saccular function was tested with cervical ves-tibular evoked myogenic potential(cVEMP). The results of cVEMP were calculated and compared between the two groups. Results Comparing to the control group,mean P1 and N1 latencies were significantly prolonged(t =4.67,4.59,P < 0.05)and the amplitudes were signi cantly reduced(t = 6.72,P < 0.05)in the study group. A sig-nificant correlation between hearing loss at high frequencies and reduced cVEMP amplitudes(r = -0.41,P < 0.05) were observed in the study group. Noise exposure was significantly associated with cVEMP amplitude(β = -0.52, P < 0.05). Conclusions Presbycusis may be accompanied by the hypofunction of saccular function without any vestibular symptoms,and the high frequency hearing threshold is closely related to the saccular function. Noise ex-posure appears to be related to both cochlear and saccular dysfunction.

Objective: To observe the efficacy and safety of CTD (cyclophosphamide, thalidomide, dexamethasone) and PCD (bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, dexamethasone) regimens in treatment of patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) . Methods: A retrospective analysis was carried out on 88 cases of NDMM patients admitted to our hospital from July 2013 to January 2016, including 49 cases in CTD group and 39 cases in PCD group. The outcomes of two different regimens were analyzed, including response, prognosis, and adverse events. Results: The total overall remission rates (ORR, better than PR) of CTD and PCD were 65.3% (32/49) and 84.6% (33/39) , while very good partial response (VGPR) were 30.6% (15/49) and 53.8% (21/39) , and differences were statistically significant (P=0.041, P=0.028) . The median follow-up was 11.5 (3-33) months. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was (23.0±4.5) months in CTD groups, but it was not achieved in PCD group, with statistically significant differences (P=0.050) . Medial overall survival was not achieved in both two groups, without statistically significant difference (P=0.257) . There were statistical differences between patients with minor response (MR) and patients without MR in medium OS in CTD group (P=0.005) , and there were statistical difference between patients with VGPR and without VGPR in medium OS in CTD group (P=0.042) . Infection was a common adverse event in two groups. The incidences of peripheral neuropathy and herpes zoster were markedly higher in PCD group than CTD group, and the incidences of thrombus, palpation and rash, etc., were higher in CTD group. Conclusion Both CTD and PCD regimens were effective first-line induction chemotherapy choice for NDMM. PCD regimen is better than CTD in treatment power and deep remission.

Objective To investigate the expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor?2(HER?2)and Survivin protein in gastric cancer tissue,and explore its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics. Methods Immunohistochemistry assay was used for detection of HER?2 and Survivin protein expression in 70 gastric cancer biopsy samples. The relationship with the clinicoathological parameters in patients with gas?tric cancer was analyzed. Results The expression of HER?2 and Survivin protein was correlated with tumor differentiation ,TNM stage and lymph node metastasis(all P<0.05),but not with sex,age,the diameter of tumor. The correlation analysis of positive rate and the semi?quantitative pro?tein expression showed that the expression of Survivin and HER?2 was significantly positively related(all P<0.01). Conclusion The positive ex?pression of HER?2 and Survivin protein in gastric cancer correlates with tumor differentiation ,TNM stage and lymph node metastasis. HER?2 ex?pression significantly correlates with Survivin at the protein level in gastric cancer tissues.