Abstract Modern western medicine typically focuses on treating specific symptoms or diseases, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) emphasizes the interconnections of the body’s various systems under external environment and takes a holistic approach to preventing and treating diseases. Phenomics was initially introduced to the field of TCM in 2008 as a new discipline that studies the laws of integrated and dynamic changes of human clinical phenomes under the scope of the theories and practices of TCM based on phenomics. While TCM Phenomics 1.0 has initially established a clinical phenomic system centered on Zhenghou (a TCM definition of clinical phenome), bottlenecks remain in data standardization, mechanistic interpretation, and precision intervention. Here, we systematically elaborates on the theoretical foundations, technical pathways, and future challenges of integrating digital medicine with TCM phenomics under the framework of “TCM phenomics 2.0”, which is supported by digital medicine technologies such as artificial intelligence, wearable devices, medical digital twins, and multi-omics integration. This framework aims to construct a closed-loop system of “Zhenghou–Phenome–Mechanism–Intervention” and to enable the digitization, standardization, and precision of disease diagnosis and treatment. The integration of digital medicine and TCM phenomics not only promotes the modernization and scientific transformation of TCM theory and practice but also offers new paradigms for precision medicine. In practice, digital tools facilitate multi-source clinical data acquisition and standardization, while AI and big data algorithms help reveal the correlations between clinical Zhenghou phenomes and molecular mechanisms, thereby improving scientific rigor in diagnosis, efficacy evaluation, and personalized intervention. Nevertheless, challenges persist, including data quality and standardization issues, shortage of interdisciplinary talents, and insufficiency of ethical and legal regulations. Future development requires establishing national data-sharing platforms, strengthening international collaboration, fostering interdisciplinary professionals, and improving ethical and legal frameworks. Ultimately, this approach seeks to build a new disease identification and classification system centered on phenomes and to achieve the inheritance, innovation, and modernization of TCM diagnostic and therapeutic patterns.

Objective To investigate the incidence and severity of enamel demineralization during clear aligner treatment and provide reference for clinical medical nursing work.Methods A total of 151 patients(3 507 teeth)undergoing clear aligner treatment in our hospital from 2015 to 2022 were collected.The enamel demineralization before and after treatment was compared,and the enamel demi-neralization index(EDI)was calculated to evaluate the severity of demineralization.The incidence and severity of enamel demineraliza-tion were analyzed statistically,and the differences among different genders,ages and dental positions were compared.Results Enam-el demineralization occurred in 84 patients during treatment,with an incidence rate of 55.63%.Gender and treatment time had no effect on the incidence,and the incidence of adolescent patients was higher than that of adult patients.Among the investigated 3 507 teeth,601 teeth had enamel demineralization,and the incidence rate was 17.14%.The incidence of maxillary anterior teeth and mandibular posterior teeth was higher;the incidence of right teeth was significantly higher than that of left teeth,and the incidence of teeth with ad-hesive attachments was also significantly increased.88%of the enamel demineralization lesions were 1－2 degrees,and the degree of enamel demineralization was similar in male and female patients.But the degree in adolescents was significantly higher than that in adult patients.The average EDI value of maxillary anterior teeth was significantly higher than that of mandible,but that of maxillary posterior teeth was significantly lower than that of mandible.The average EDI value of right teeth was significantly higher than that of left.Conclusion The incidence of enamel demineralization is high in the process of clear aligner treatment,and teenagers are suscep-tible to it.The demineralization of teeth is significantly different among different tooth positions,and adhesive attachments will increase the risk of enamel demineralization.Therefore,medical staff should take active and effective measures in the prevention and treatment of enamel demineralization.

Objective:To observe any effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on urodynamics and bladder c-Kit expression in rats with urination disorders after spinal cord injury (SCI).Methods:Complete spinal cord injury models were created in female Sprague-Dawley rats by transecting the spine at the thoracic or sacral level. On day 22 after the injury, the rats with successful modeling were randomized into a thoracic spinal cord injury (TSCI) group, a TSCI+ EA group, a sacral spinal cord injury (SSCI) group and an SSCI+ EA group, each of 10. Both EA groups were given 15 minutes of EA at the Guanyuan (CV4) and Sanyinjiao (SP6) points daily for 14 days. After the intervention, urination function was evaluated using bladder volume, compliance and residual urine volume. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe any morphological changes in bladder tissues. The gene and protein expression of c-Kit in bladder tissues were detected using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reactions and western blotting.Results:Compared with the sham group, the bladder volume and compliance of the TSCI group decreased significantly, while the average residual urine volume increased significantly. In the SSCI group the average residual urine volume, bladder volume and compliance all increased significantly. The modeling altered the morphology of the bladder in all of the SCI rats. The average expression of c-Kit mRNA and protein increased significantly in TSCI group, but both decreased significantly in the SSCI group. EA improved the histological structure of the SCI rats′ bladders.Conclusions:EA can bi-directionally regulate bladder c-Kit expression, and that is a possible mechanism for improving urinary incontinence and urine retention after an SCI.

Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease.Previous studies have shown that children are vulnerable to monkeypox and are also at high risk for severe disease or complications.In order to improve pediatricians′ understanding of monkeypox and achieve early detection, early diagnosis, early treatment and early disposal, the committee composed of more than 40 experts in the related fields of infectious diseases, pediatrics, infection control and public health formulate this expert consensus, on the basis of the latest clinical management and infection prevention and control for monkeypox released by the World Health Organization (WHO), the guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of monkeypox (version 2022) issued by National Health Commission of the People′s Republic of China and other relevant documents.During the development of this consensus, multidisciplinary experts have repeatedly demonstrated the etiology, epidemiology, transmission, clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, treatment, discharge criteria, prevention, case management process and key points of prevention and control about monkeypox.

Objective:To analyze the incidence and epidemiological characteristics of traumatic spinal cord injury in China in 2018.Methods:Multi-stage stratified cluster sampling was used to randomly select hospitals capable of treating patients with spinal cord injury from 3 regions，9 provinces and 27 cities in China to retrospectively investigate eligible patients with traumatic spinal cord injury admitted in 2018. National and regional incidence rates were calculated. The data of cause of injury，injury level，severity of injury，segment and type of fracture，complications，death and other data were collected by medical record questionnaire，and analyzed according to geographical region，age and gender.Results:Medical records of 4，134 patients were included in this study，with a male-to-female ratio of 2.99∶1. The incidence of traumatic spinal cord injury in China in 2018 was 50.484 / 1 million （95% CI 50.122-50.846）. The highest incidence in the Eastern region was 53.791 / 1 million （95% CI 53.217-54.365）. In the whole country，the main causes of injury were high falls （29.58%），as well as in the Western region （40.68%），while the main causes of injury in the Eastern and Central regions were traffic injuries （31.22%，30.10%）. The main injury level was cervical spinal cord in the whole country （64.49%），and the proportion of cervical spinal cord injury in the Central region was the highest （74.68%），and the proportion of lumbosacral spinal cord injury in the Western region was the highest （32.30%）. The highest proportion of degree of injury was incomplete quadriplegia （55.20%），and the distribution pattern was the same in each region. A total of 65.87% of the patients were complicated with fracture or dislocation，77.95% in the Western region and only 54.77% in the Central region. In the whole country，the head was the main combined injury （37.87%），as well as in the Eastern and Central regions，while the proportion of chest combined injury in the Western region was the highest （38.57%）. A total of 32.90% of the patients were complicated with respiratory complications. There were 23 patients （0.56%） died in hospital，of which 17（73.91%） died of respiratory dysfunction. Conclusions:The Eastern region of China has a high incidence of traumatic spinal cord injury. Other epidemiological features include high fall as the main cause of injury cervical spinal cord injury as the main injury level，incomplete quadriplegia as the main degree of injury，head as the main combined injury，and respiratory complications as the main complication.

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy and adverse effects of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in the treatment of T₂N₀M₀ non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Methods: By retrospectively analyzing the clinical data of 30 inoperable patients with stage T₂N₀M₀ NSCLC treated by SBRT, the overall survival, progression-free survival, cancer-specific survival and adverse effects were determined. Results: The median follow-up was 18.4 months. The 1-, 2-, and 3-year overall survival rates were 92.2%, 92.2% and 80.6%, respectively. The corresponding cause-specific survivals were 95.7%, 95.7% and 83.7%. The progression-free survivals were 70.2%, 54.1% and 40.6%. The local control rates were 100%, 94.4%, and 94.4%. The regional controls were 84.2%, 72.1%, and 54.1%; and distant controls were 84.6%, 72.4% and 64.3%, respectively. Twenty patients (66.7%) developed symptoms of grade 1 radiation-related toxicities: dyspnea, chest pain, fatigue, cough, esophagitis, or pneumonia. Among these, 5 patients suffered grade ≥2 radiation pneumonitis, and one patient experienced grade 4 radiation pneumonitis. Conclusions SBRT was efficient and safe for patients with inoperable T₂N₀M₀ NSCLC, imposing tolerable toxicities.

Angiogenesis plays an important role in the occurrence,development and metastasis of malignant tumors,and anti?angiogenesis has become an important therapeutic method in molecular targeted therapy of tumors.At present, the commonly used anti?angiogenesis drugs include monoclonal antibodies (bevacizumab),tyrosine kinase inhibitors (sorafenib,sunitinib),and endothelial cell growth inhibitors.The adverse reactions of different kinds of targeted anti?angiogenesis drugs are different.To grasp the mechanism of adverse reactions and the treatment measures of related adverse reactions of these drugs will improve the tolerance of patients receiving this kind of drugs, and at the same time, the prognosis of patients will be further improved.

Background and purpose:Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is a non-invasive technique of breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). DWI is an alternative to dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI for differentiating malignant from benign lesions in breast screening or not. This study aimed to evaluate the potential role of DWI in differentiating malignant breast lesions from benign lesions.Methods:Seventy-four patients underwent digital mammography, DCE and DWI (49 patients’b-value of 0, 400, 600 and 800 s/mm2). The detectability, sensitivity and speciifcity of DWI and DCE were compared. Absolute apparent diffusion coefifcient (ADC) was compared with standardized ADC for quantitative analysis.Results:Sixty-four of 74 patients had positive pathologic findings (38 malignant, 26 benign). All of the malignant lesions were detected on DWI and DCE. The sensitivity of DWI was 83.33%, 90.00% and 93.33%, and the specificity was 85.91%, 76.19% and 72.72%, forb-value of 400, 600 and 800 s/mm2, respectively. The sensitivity and speciifcity of DCE were 86.61% and 90.48%. There was no signiifcant difference between absolute and standardized ADC in detecting breast cancer (P>0.05).Conclusion:DWI is an important complemented technique to DCE-MRI for differentiating malignant from benign lesions in breast MRI.

Background and objective Cisplatin-resistance in Lung cancer cells is widespread in the clinical treat-ment, seriously affecting the effects of the treatment of lung cancer. hTerefore, the research of mechanisms of cisplain-resistance has significant meaning for developing new chemotherapeutic drug and solving the cisplain-resistance in clinic treatment. IKBKB is one of the most important catalytic subunits of IKK complexes. It plays an important regulatory role in activation of NF-κB. hTe aim of this study is to investigate the differential expression of IKBKB gene in human lung adenocarcinoma cells line A549 and the cisplatin-resistant variant A549/DDP and the mechanisms of cisplain-resistance induced by IKBKB gene. Methods MTT assay was employed to determine the sensitivity of A549 and A549/DDP cells line to cisplatin and the effect of IKBKB gene on A549 cell lines’ sensitivity to cisplatin. hTe mRNA level of IKBKB was determined by real-time PCR. Dual luciferase reporter gene experiment was employed to determine the activity of the NF-κB. Apoptosis rate of lung adenocarci-noma cells was determined by lfow cytometry. Results Apoptosis rate and IC50 were signiifcantly different in A549 and A549/DDP cells, the expression of mRNA level of IKBKB gene in A549/DDP was signiifcantly higher than that in A549. Compared with control group, IKBKB gene was able to reduce the cisplain sensitivity of A549 cells. Atfer A549 was transfected with pcD-NA3.1/IKBKB plasmid, mRNA level of IKBKB was signiifcantly increased, the sensitivity of cisplain was decreased, the IC50 was increased 2.85 fold, the apoptosis rate was decreased 59%, the activity of NF-κB has been greatly increased. Conclusion IKBKB inhibits cisplatin-induced apoptosis via the activation of NF-κB pathway. It will be helpful in the development of new anticancer drug and solving the challenge of cisplatin-resistance.

Objective To establish and evaluate animal model of adult rats with vitamin D deficient and assess the association of vitamin D deficiency and hypertension .Methods Adult SD rats were divided into 3 groups :normal controls group(feed with ordina-ry forage) ,vitamin D deficient groups(feed without vitamin D)and vitamin D control group(feed with vitamin D) ,which were fed with different diets under 12 h:12 h without ultraviolet light bulb(UV-B) .After treatment for 6 weeks ,Retinal blood was collect-ed ,and Serum vitamin D levels was tested by EIA every 2 weeks .Results After treatment for 10 weeks ,Serum level of vitamin D in vitamin D deficient group were reduced to 2 .07 nmol/L ,while vitamin D group and normal control group were measured as 56 .74 nmol/L and 57 .61 nmol/L ,there was no statistically significant difference between vitamin D group and normal control group (P>0 .05) .hypertension of vitamin D deficient group was significantly higher than other two groups .Conclusion It is feasible to estab-lish model of adult rats with vitamin D by UV-B free light and diets control ,hypertension of rats vitamin D deficiency has a signifi-cant rise compared with the control group .