This study shows a case of a patient with synovial chondromatosis of the hip misdiagnosed as rice body bursitis. The patient complained of pain and limited activity in his left hip. He was diagnosed with synovial chondromatosis of the hip by medical history, physical examination, imaging examination and postoperative pathology. Based on literature review, the characteristics and differential diagnosis of the disease in epidemiology, imaging and pathology were discussed in detail, so as to improve the understanding of the disease and avoid misdiagnosis. He was treated with hip arthroscopy and obtained satisfactory therapeutic effect. The patient was followed up for 1 year without recurrence.

Objective:To investigate the changes of quadriceps femoris thickness with the length of stay in intensive care unit (ICU) in patients with sepsis, and to evaluate the diagnostic value of muscle changes in mortality.Methods:A prospective study was conducted, and 92 patients with sepsis who were admitted to the ICU of the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College from January 2020 to December 2021 were enrolled. The thickness of quadriceps femoris [including the quadriceps femoris muscle thickness at the midpoint of the anterior superior iliac spine and the upper edge of the patella (M-QMLT), and at the middle and lower 1/3 of the patella (T-QMLT)] measured by ultrasound 1 day (D1), 3 days (D3), and 7 days (D7) after admission to the ICU were collected. The atrophy rate of quadriceps femoris was calculated 3 and 7 days after admission to the ICU compared with 1 day [(D3-D1)/D1 and (D7-D1)/D1, (TD3-TD1)/TD1 and (TD7-TD1)/TD1, respectively]. The demographic information, underlying diseases, vital signs when admission to the ICU and in-hospital mortality of all patients were recorded, and the differences of the above indicators between the two groupswere compared. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the influence of quadriceps femoris muscle thickness and atrophy rate on in-hospital mortality of septic patients. The receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve) was drawn to analyze the predictive value of quadriceps femoris muscle thickness and atrophy rate on in-hospital mortality of septic patients.Results:A total of 92 patients with severe sepsis were included, of which 41 patients died in hospital, 51 patients discharged. The in-hospital mortality was 44.6%. The muscle thickness of quadriceps femoris in severe septic patients decreased with the prolongation of ICU stay, and there was no significant difference between the two groups at the first and third day of ICU admission. The muscle thickness of quadriceps femoris at different measuring positions in the survival group was significantly greater than those in the death group 7 days after admission to the ICU [M-QMLT D7 (cm): 0.50±0.26 vs. 0.39±0.19, T-QMLT D7 (cm): 0.58±0.29 vs. 0.45±0.21, both P < 0.05]. The atrophy rate of quadriceps femoris muscle thickness at different measuring positions 3 and 7 days after admission to ICU in the survival group was significantly lower than those in the death group [(D3-D1)/D1: (8.33±3.44)% vs. (9.74±3.91)%, (D7-D1)/D1: (12.21±4.76)% vs. (19.80±6.15)%, (TD3-TD1)/TD1: (7.83±4.26)% vs. (10.51±4.75)%, (TD7-TD1)/TD1: (11.10±5.46)% vs. (20.22±6.05)%, all P < 0.05]. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that M-QMLT D7, T-QMLT D7, (D3-D1)/D1, (D7-D1)/D1, (TD3-TD1)/TD1, (TD7-TD1)/TD1 were independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality (all P < 0.05). The results were stable after adjusting for confounding factors. ROC curve analysis showed that (TD7-TD1)/TD1 [area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.853, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was 0.773-0.934] was superior to (D7-D1)/D1, T-QMLT D7, M-QMLT D7, (TD3-TD1)/TD1 and (D3-D1)/D1 [AUC was 0.821 (0.725-0.917), 0.692 (0.582-0.802), 0.683 (0.573-0.794), 0.680 (0.569-0.791), 0.622 (0.502-0.742)]. Conclusions:For septic patients in ICU, bedside ultrasound monitoring of quadriceps femoris muscle thickness and atrophy rate has a certain predictive value for in-hospital mortality, and a certain guiding significance in clinical treatment and predicting the prognosis of sepsis.

Objective:To evaluate the differences in the cumulative doses for cervical cancer between two different methods, and analyze the correlation between the severity of radiation proctitis and the cumulative dose of the rectum.Methods.:Clinical data of 278 patients with cervical cancer treated with radiotherapy were retrospectively analyzed. The total dose of radiotherapy was calculated by simple dose volume histogram parameter accumulation method (S-DVH group) and dose accumulation by deformation image registration (DIR group) in 49 patients with radiation proctitis. The rectal cumulative dose of the 278 patients with S-DVH was counted(D 2.0cm 3/D 1.0cm 3/D 0.1cm 3). The correlation analysis was performed by Spearman’s correlation analysis. Results:The average cumulative dose(D 90%) difference of high-risk clinical target volume (HRCTV) between the S-DVH and DIR groups was 2 Gy (EQD 2Gy)[(88.66±5.75) vs. (86.66±5.54) Gy, P<0.05], and the average cumulative dose difference(D 2.0cm 3 and D 1.0cm 3) of bladder was 2.13 Gy[(82.46±6.91) vs.(80.33±6.86) Gy, P<0.05] and 2.35 Gy[(88.46±4.37) vs.(86.11±3.93) Gy, P<0.05], and the average cumulative dose difference(D 2.0cm 3 and D 1.0cm 3) of rectum was 1.99 Gy[(72.49±5.17) vs.(70.50±5.03) Gy, P<0.05] and 2.71 Gy[(78.87±4.50) vs.(76.16±4.14) Gy, P<0.05]. The rectal cumulative dose(D 2.0cm 3/D 1.0cm 3/D 0.1cm 3) was positively associated with the grade of radiation proctitis. Conclusions:The cumulative doses differ between two groups, and are equally in an acceptable range. S-DVH method is a relatively simple method to evaluate the cumulative exposure dose. The cumulative doses of the rectum(D 2.0cm 3/D 1.0cm 3/D 0.1cm 3) can be used to predict the incidence of radiation proctitis.

The gut microbiota of intensive care unit (ICU) patients displays extreme dysbiosis asso-ciated with increased susceptibility to organ failure, sepsis, and septic shock. However, such dysbio-sis is difficult to characterize owing to the high dimensional complexity of the gut microbiota. We tested whether the concept of enterotype can be applied to the gut microbiota of ICU patients to describe the dysbiosis. We collected 131 fecal samples from 64 ICU patients diagnosed with sepsis or septic shock and performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing to dissect their gut microbiota compo-sitions. During the development of sepsis or septic shock and during various medical treatments, the ICU patients always exhibited two dysbiotic microbiota patterns, or ICU-enterotypes, which could not be explained by host properties such as age, sex, and body mass index, or external stressors such as infection site and antibiotic use. ICU-enterotype I (ICU E1) comprised predominantly Bac-teroides and an unclassified genus of Enterobacteriaceae, while ICU-enterotype Ⅱ(ICU E2) com-prised predominantly Enterococcus. Among more critically ill patients with Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Ⅱ(APACHE Ⅱ) scores > 18, septic shock was more likely to occur with ICU E1 (P = 0.041). Additionally, ICU E1 was correlated with high serum lactate levels (P = 0.007). Therefore, different patterns of dysbiosis were correlated with different clinicaloutcomes, suggesting that ICU-enterotypes should be diagnosed as independent clinical indices. Thus, the microbial-based human index classifier we propose is precise and effective for timely mon-itoring of ICU-enterotypes of individual patients. This work is a first step toward precision medicine for septic patients based on their gut microbiota profiles.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the accuracy of different methods for image registration in image-guided adaptive brachytherapy (IGABT) for cervical cancer. METHODS: The last treatment planning CT images (CT1) and the first treatment planning CT images (CT2) were acquired from 15 patients with cervical cancer and registered with different match image qualities (retained/removed catheter source in images) and different match regions [target only (S Group)/ interested organ structure (M Group)/body (L Group)] in Velocity3.2 software. The dice similarity coefficient (DSC) between the clinical target volumes (CTV) of the CT1 and CT2 images (CTVCT1 and CTVCT2, respectively) and between the organs-at-risk (OAR) of the two imaging datasets (OARCT1 and OARCT2, respectively) were used to evaluate the image registration accuracy. RESULTS: The auto-segmentation volume of the catheter source using Velocity software based on the CT threshold was the closest to the actual volume within the CT value range of 1700-1800 HU. In the retained group, the DSC for the OARs of was better than or equal to that of the removed group, and the DSC value of the rectum was significantly improved ( < 0.05). For comparison of different match regions, the high-risk target volume (HRCTV) and the low-risk target volume (IRCTV) had the best precision for registration of the target area, which was significantly greater than that of M group and L group ( < 0.05). The M group had better registration accuracy of the target area and the best accuracy for the OARs. The DSC values of the bladder and rectum were significantly better than those of the other two groups ( < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The CT value range of 1700-1800 HU is optimal for automatic image segmentation using Velocity software. Automatic segmentation and shielding the volume of the catheter source can improve the image quality. We recommend the use of interested organ structures regions for image registration in image-guided adaptive brachytherapy for cervical cancer.
Brachytherapy ; methods ; standards ; Female ; Humans ; Organs at Risk ; diagnostic imaging ; Radiotherapy Dosage ; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; standards ; Radiotherapy, Image-Guided ; methods ; standards ; Software ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods ; standards ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; radiotherapy

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy and indications of kyphoplasty with movement and secondary en?largement of balloon for the compression fracture of vertebral body with ruptured posterior wall. Methods A retrospective analy?sis was carried out on the data of 29 patients (10 males, 19 females;age range:55-86 years old;mean age:71 years old;29 verte?bral bodies in total) who suffered from compression fracture of the thoracolumbar spine and below, and underwent kyphoplasty through the movement and secondary enlargement of balloon within the vertebral body and were followed up from January 2011 to November 2014. These patients had backache, accompanied by lowered support, limitation of movement, no symptom of nervous lesion on both lower extremities and no past history of balloon kyphoplasty. All fractured vertebral bodies were at T 11 or below, in?cluding 1 case at T11, 4 cases T12, 11 cases L1, 9 cases L2 and 4 cases L3. The causes of injury included fall (19 cases), car accident (8 cases) and unknown reasons (2 cases). All patients underwent kyphoplasty with the movement and secondary enlargement of bal?loon within the vertebral body. Photos were taken immediately after the surgery, at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months, and these patients were assessed and analyzed in terms of vertebral height, Cobb angle, visual analogue score (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI). Results The operation time (including the formation and solidification of bone cement) of 29 patients was 40 to 65 min and the mean time was 55 ± 7 min;the blood loss during operation was 2 to 15 ml and the mean blood loss was 5 ± 2 ml;the injected volume of bone cement was 2.5-7.5 ml and the mean volume was 5.5±0.5 ml. Post?operative pain was relieved and ambulation was performed under the protection of lumbar orthosis brace. Statstical analysis was conducted on VAS, ODI, vertebral height and Cobb angle before operation and at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after operation, showing statistically significant differences. X ray examination found that there was no alternation or displacement of bone cement location, and no change in vertebral morphology, the vertebral height and cobb angle remained the post?operative status, and posterior wall rupture of the vertebral body was recovered well. CT revealed that the morphology of bone cement was irregular and closely integrated with bone substance, and no cavity or fissure was seen. Conclusion Kyphoplasty with movement and secondary enlargement of bal?loon within the vertebral body has a good, definite clinical efficacy in treating compression vertebral fracture with incomplete pos?terior wall of the vertebral body without obvious displacement of fractured bone and symptom of nervous lesion on both lower ex?tremities. This surgery is easy to operate, and has an immediate analgesic effect, which could recover vertebral height as well as re?duce kyphosis deformity and improve patient’s prognosis.

Objective To investigate the effects of downstream regulatory element antagonist modulator (DREAM) on the expression of glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) in spinal cord in rats with bone cancer pain and morphine tolerance.Methods Sixty female healthy Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats weighing 200 ～230 g were randomly divided into tow groups,group Ⅰ cancer pain (CP,n =48) and group Ⅱ Sham (S,n =12).Cancer pain in each group was produced by inoculation of syngenetic Walker 256 rat mammary gland carcinoma cells (5 × 105) to left tibia.Pain threshold to mechanical stimulus was measured before (baseline) and after the surgical procedure.From 14 d to 18 d after the inoculation of carcinoma cells,36 rats from group CP received subcutaneous injection of morphine at 3 times per day with doses increasingly from 10 mg/kg initially to 20 mg/kg,30 mg/kg,40 mg/kg,and 60 mg/kg.Equal volume of normal saline was applied to the 12 rats left in group CP.On 19th day after the carcinoma cells inoculation once subcutaneous injection of morphine at 3mg/kg was performed in all rats in group CP.From the next day,the rats in group CP ever receiving injections of morphine for 5 days were randomized into thre subgroups,including subgroups morphine tolerance (MT,n =12),vehicle (V,n =12),and RNAi (R,n =12).They were injected intrathecally with 20 μl of normal saline (NS),10 μl vehicle plus 10 μ1 NS,and 10 μ1 of DREAM-shRNA plus l0 μ1 NS,respectively,once a day for 5 days.Focusing on the affected limb,mechanical pain threshold was measured one day before surgery (T0),and at day7 (T1),day 14 (T2),day 18 (T3),day 19 (T4),day21 d (T5),day 25 (T6),and day 28 (T7) after surgery.The animals were sacrificed at day 28 after the procedure.The lumbar 4 segments in rats were removed for detection of DREAM and GLT-1.Results The mechanical threshold was significantly decreased at T1 compared to the baseline in all groups,returned to the baseline at T2 ～ T7 in group S,at T4 in group CP,and at T2 in group MT,V,and R,but remained low at T5 ～T7 in group CP,and at T3 ～T7 in group MT,V,and R.Compared to that at T1,it was decreased at T2 ～T3 and T5 ～ T7 in group CP,at T4 ～ T7 in group MT and V,and at T4 ～ T5 in group R,going back to the baseline at T4 in group CP and at T2 in group MT,V and R,and increased at T6 ～ T7 in group R.Compared to that in group S,the mechanical threshold in group CP,MT,V and R was decreased,and lower at T2 in group CP and at T4 in group MT,V and R.Compared to that in group CP,the mechanical threshold was significantly higher at T2 ～ T3 but lower at T4 in group MT,V,and R,decreased at T5 in group R and at T5 ～ T7 in group MT and V.The mechanical threshold was increased at T6 ～ T7 in group R and higher than that in groups MT and V.The expression of DREAM,compared to that in group S,was down-regulated in other groups.Compared to group CP,increment was shown in groups MT and V,and decrease was exhibited in group R.It was cut down in group R compared to that in groups MT and V.Compared to group S,GLT-1 was decreased in other groups.It was down-regulated in groups MT,V and R compared to group CP.Conclusions DREAM is involved in the development of allodynia after morphine tolerance in rats with bone cancer pain.No evidence in this study supports a link between DREAM and GLT-l in spinal cord.

Objective To observe the changes in forkhead/winged helix transcription factor p3(Foxp3), regulatory T cells(Treg),retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma(RORγt)in rat model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD). Methods Twenty Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into normal control group and COPD model group,with 10 rats in each group. The COPD model was reproduced by smoke inhalation and tracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide(LPS),and no such treatment was conducted in normal control group. Twenty-eight days after the model reproduction,the pulmonary function was determined,the pathological changes of lung tissue were observed with haematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining,interleukins(IL-6,IL-10)in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg of peripheral blood was determined by flow cytometry,and the expressions of Foxp3,RORγt,IL-17 protein in lung tissue were assayed by Western Blot. Results Under light microscope,significal interstitial infiltration of inflammatory cells was found in alveoli and interstitial tissue of the lung,and destruction of alveolar tissue,alveolar wall thinning,and even rupture to fuse into bullae,and bleeding into alveoli in different degress could be observed. Compared with the normal control group,forced vital capacity(FVC),forced expiratory volume in 0.3 second(FEV0.3),FEV0.3/FVC,peak expiratory flow(PEF)in model group were significantly decreased〔FVC(mL):8.04±2.03 vs. 9.97±2.14,FEV0.3(mL):6.16±2.23 vs. 8.84±2.12,FEV0.3/FVC:0.70±0.09 vs. 0.85±0.11,PEF(mL/s):33.56±4.76 vs. 40.14±5.64, P<0.05 or P<0.01〕. Serum IL-6 was obviously increased(ng/L:93.17±20.96 vs. 76.28±13.24,P<0.05), IL-10 was significantly decreased(ng/L:78.62±15.17 vs. 104.34±19.46,P<0.01),and CD4+CD25+FoxP3+Treg was significantly diminished〔(2.75±0.83)% vs.(4.16±1.14)%,P<0.01〕in model group compared with those in the normal control group. The expression of Foxp3 protein in lung tissue in model group was significantly down-regulated compared with that in the normal control group(gray scale:0.38±0.15 vs. 0.63±0.11,P<0.01), and RORγt and IL-17 protein expressions were significantly up-regulated〔RORγt(gray scale):0.96±0.23 vs. 0.47±0.11,IL-17(gray scale):1.02±0.24 vs. 0.34±0.08,both P<0.01〕. Correlation analysis showed that FEV0.3 was positively correlated with Foxp3(r=0.585,P<0.05),and FEV0.3/FVC was negatively correlated with IL-6 and RORγt(r=-0.655,r=-0.607,both P<0.05). PEF was positively correlated with Treg(r=0.573, P<0.05),and negatively correlated with IL-17(r=-0.198,P<0.05). IL-6 was negatively correlated with Foxp3(r=-0.603,P<0.05),and positively correlated with RORγt(r=0.588,P<0.05). IL-10 was positively correlated with Treg(r=0.573,P<0.05). Treg was positively correlated with Foxp3(r=0.607,P<0.05), and negatively correlated with IL-17(r=-0.569,P<0.05). Foxp3 was negatively correlated with RORγt(r=-0.591, P<0.05). RORγt was positively correlated with IL-17(r=0.578,P<0.05). Conclusion There is a relationship among decreased pulmonary function,inflammation and imbalance of Foxp3/Treg and RORγt/Th17 in COPD.

Background and purpose:In the process of gastric cancer development, cytothesis and apoptosis, and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) are very important pathological processes. Glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and phosphorylated form of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (pERK) play important roles in it. This study aimed to investigate the expression of GRP78 and pERK in gastric adenocarcinoma, chronic atrophic gastritis and superficial gastritis, and the role of GRP78 and pERK in the development of gastric adenocarcinoma. Methods:Gastric adenocarcinoma, chronic atrophic gastritis and superifcial gastritis tissues in 60 cases respectively were employed in the study. We chose 25 fresh tissue samples from each group, and the level of GRP78 and pERK mRNA in different tissues were detected by RT-PCR assay. The expressions of GRP78 and pERK in different parafifn samples were detected using immunohistochemistry assay. In addition, the relationships between GRP78 and pERK expression and age, gender, differentiation, invasion, disease stage, and lymphoid node metastasis were analyzed. Results: The expression level of GRP78 and pERK mRNA in gastric adenocarcinoma(1.26±0.18, 2.35±0.36) were significantly higher than chronic atrophic gastritis (0.89±0.25, 1.18±0.25) and superficial gastritis (0.29±0.09, 0.68±0.10, P<0.01). The positive ratio of GRP78 expression in gastric adenocarcinoma, chronic atrophic gastritis and superficial gastritis were 78.3%, 46.6%, 6.7%. The positive ratios of pERK expression were 88.3%, 43.3%, 5.0%, respectively. The GRP78 and pERK expression in different tissues were signiifcantly different (P<0.01). GRP78 and pERK expression were positively correlated with differentiation, disease stage and lymph node metastasis. There was a positive correlation between the gene and protein expression of GRP78 and pERK with a Pearson correlation value of 0.307 and 0.368, respectively. Both univariate and multivariate analysis revealed that GRP78 was related to the prognosis of gastric adenocarcinoma. Conclusion:GRP78 and pERK may play an important role in the transition of normal gastric cells to malignant cells. The expression of these two genes enhances tumor progression. Overexpression of GRP78 and pERK is significantly correlated with poor prognosis in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. The determination of the expression of GRP78 and pERK might be helpful for the prevention, early diagnosis of gastric carcinoma. Particularly, GRP78 is valuable for the judgement of prognosis, and might be a new target for the treatment of gastric adenocarcinoma.

Objective To explore the neuropsychological disorders and its mechanism of tuberothalamic artery infarction.Methods Clinical data of 9 patients with tuberothalamic artery infarction were analyzed retrospectively.Results Primary clinical manifestation of 9 patients were abulia,behavior disorders,thalamic aphasia,left spatial neglect,visual space function disorders,memory disorders.All of them,however,did not exist brain nerves lesion and disorders of motor and sense.Conclusion The clinical manifestation of tuberothalamic artery infarction patients are mainly neuropsychological disorders.