Objective:To explore the characteristics of renal oxidative stress injuries in rats with high-voltage electric burns and the intervention effects of breviscapine.Methods:This study was an experimental study. One hundred and sixty 8-10-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into sham injury group, electric burn group, saline group, low breviscapine group, middle breviscapine group, and high breviscapine group, with 60 rats in each of the sham injury group and electric burn group, 10 rats in each of the other 4 groups, respectively. The rats in sham injury group and electric burn group were divided into 10 rats at each time point, including post injury hour (PIH) 0 (immediately), 8, 24, 48, and 72, and post injury week (PIW) 1. The rats in sham injury group were not conducted with electrical current to cause sham injury. The rats in the other 5 groups were caused high-voltage electric burns. The rats in sham injury group and electric burn group were not treated after injury. The rats in saline group, low breviscapine group, middle breviscapine group, and high breviscapine group were intraperitoneally injected with 5 mL/kg normal saline or 0.4, 1.6, and 4.0 g/L breviscapine, repeated every 24 h until PIH 72. After the model was successfully made, 14 rats died, including 1, 2, 2, and 1 rat (s) at PIH 24, 48, and 72 and PIW 1 in electric burn group, 4, 1, 2, and 1 rat (s) at PIH 72 in saline group, low breviscapine group, middle breviscapine group, and high breviscapine group, respectively. The kidney tissue collected from rats in the 6 groups was weighed and the kidney/body weight ratio was calculated. The left upper pole tissue of kidney was collected from each 4 rats in sham injury group, and in electric burn group at PIH 8, 24, 48, and 72 and PIW 1, and in saline group, low breviscapine group, middle breviscapine group, and high breviscapine group at PIH 72. The renal tubular and renal interstitial injury was evaluated by a semi-quantitative histological scoring system after hematoxylin-eosin staining. The inferior vena cava blood samples were collected from rats in the 6 groups to measure the serum creatinine levels via sarcosine oxidase method, and serum urea nitrogen levels via urease method. The right renal cortices were collected from rats in the 6 groups to measure the catalase (CAT) activity in the supernatant of renal tissue via molybdic acid method, and the levels of advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP) and Klotho protein in the supernatant of renal tissue via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results:At PIH 8, 48, and 72 and PIW 1, the kidney/body weight ratios of rats in electric burn group were significantly higher than those in sham injury group (with t values of -0.52, -3.75, -4.05, and -2.25, respectively, P<0.05). At PIH 72, compared with those in electric burn group, saline group, low breviscapine group, and middle breviscapine group, the kidney/body weight ratio of rats in high breviscapine group was significantly decreased (with P values all <0.05). Compared with those in sham injury group, the renal tubular and renal interstitial injury scores of rats in electric burn group at PIH 48 and 72 and PIW 1 were significantly increased ( P<0.05). Compared with those in electric burn group at PIH 8 and 24, the renal tubular and renal interstitial injury score of rats in electric burn group at PIW 1 was significantly increased (with P values all <0.05). At PIH 72, the renal tubular and renal interstitial injury scores of rats in the 5 groups of rats with electric burns were similar ( P>0.05). At PIH 8, 24, 48, and 72 and PIW 1, the levels of serum creatinine and serum urea nitrogen of rats in electric burn group were significantly higher than those in sham injury group (with Z values of -2.00, -2.37, -2.62, -2.67, -3.67, -2.34, -3.11, -3.43, -3.11, and -3.51, respectively, P<0.05). Compared with that in electric burn group at PIH 0, the levels of serum creatinine of rats in electric burn group at PIH 72 and PIW 1 were significantly increased ( P<0.05). Compared with that in electric burn group at PIH 8, the levels of serum creatinine of rats in electric burn group at PIH 72 and PIW 1 were significantly increased ( P<0.05). Compared with that in electric burn group at PIH 24, the level of serum creatinine of rats in electric burn group at PIW 1 was significantly increased ( P<0.05). At PIH 72, the levels of serum creatinine of rats in the 5 groups of rats with electric burns were similar ( P>0.05). Compared with that in electric burn group, the levels of serum urea nitrogen of rats in low breviscapine group, middle breviscapine group, and high breviscapine group were significantly decreased ( P<0.05). Compared with that in saline group, the levels of serum urea nitrogen in middle breviscapine group and high breviscapine group were significantly decreased ( P<0.05). At PIH 48 and 72 and PIW 1, the CAT activities in the supernatant of renal tissue of rats in electric burn group were significantly lower than those in sham injury group (with Z values of -2.22, -2.13, and -3.51, respectively, P<0.05). At PIH 8, 24, 48, and 72 and PIW 1, the levels of AOPP in the supernatant of renal tissue of rats in electric burn group were significantly higher than those in sham injury group (with Z values of -2.00, -3.15, -2.71, -2.04, and -2.33, respectively, P<0.05). At PIH 0-PIW 1, the levels of Klotho protein in the supernatant of renal tissue of rats in sham injury group and electric burn group were all similar ( P>0.05). Compared with that in electric burn group at PIH 0, the CAT activities in the supernatant of renal tissue of rats in electric burn group at PIH 72 and PIW 1 and the levels of Klotho protein in the supernatant of renal tissue of rats in electric burn group at PIH 48 and 72 and PIW 1 were significantly decreased ( P<0.05). Compared with that in electric burn group at PIH 8, the CAT activities in the supernatant of renal tissue of rats in electric burn group at PIH 72 and PIW 1 and the levels of Klotho protein in the supernatant of renal tissue of rats in electric burn group at PIH 48 and 72 and PIW 1 were significantly decreased ( P<0.05). Compared with that in electric burn group at PIH 24, the CAT activities in the supernatant of renal tissue of rats in electric burn group at PIH 72 and PIW 1 were significantly decreased ( P<0.05). Compared with that in electric burn group at PIH 48, the CAT activity in the supernatant of renal tissue of rats in electric burn group at PIW 1 was significantly decreased ( P<0.05). At PIH 72, the levels of Klotho protein in the supernatant of renal tissue of rats in the 5 groups of rats with electric burns were similar ( P<0.05). Compared with 14.6 (12.6, 23.6) U/mgprot in electric burn group, the CAT activities in the supernatant of renal tissue of rats in low breviscapine group (20.5 (18.0, 39.8) U/mgprot), middle breviscapine group (24.9 (14.7, 28.9) U/mgprot), and high breviscapine group (28.0 (21.9, 39.1) U/mgprot) were significantly increased ( P<0.05). Compared with 15.7 (13.7, 25.6) U/mgprot in saline group, the CAT activities in the supernatant of renal tissue of rats in middle breviscapine group and high breviscapine group were significantly increased ( P<0.05). Compared with that in low breviscapine group, the CAT activity in the supernatant of renal tissue of rats in high breviscapine group was significantly increased ( P<0.05). Compared with those in electric burn group and saline group, the levels of AOPP in the supernatant of renal tissue of rats in middle breviscapine group and high breviscapine group were significantly decreased ( P<0.05). Conclusions:After high-voltage electric burns, oxidative stress injury occur in the kidneys of rats, which is aggravated with time extension. Breviscapine can alleviate oxidative stress injuries in the kidneys of rats with high-voltage electric burns.

Objective:To observe any impact of the repeated application of high-frequency peripheral magnetic stimulation (rPMS) on the recovery of motor function among hemiplegic survivors of an intracerebral hemorrhage. Also to explore the therapeutic mechanism involved.Methods:Sixty-two hemiplegic survivors of an intracerebral hemorrhage were randomly assigned to an observation group or a control group, each of 31. Both groups received standard medical treatment and early rehabilitation, but the observation group also received high-frequency rPMS applied to their upper and lower limbs. Before and after two weeks of the treatment, everyone′s motor functioning was assessed using the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA). Walking ability was quantified using functional ambulation classification (FAC). And ability in the activities of daily living was rated using the modified Barthel Index (MBI). The amplitudes and latencies of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation and recorded from the abductor pollicis brevis of the affected side were also analyzed..Results:After the treatment, significant improvement was observed in both groups′ upper and lower limb FMA scores, MBI scores, FAC grades, and in their MEP amplitudes and latencies. On average, however, the observation group′s results were significantly better than those of the control group. Moreover, no significant adverse reactions were found in either group during the treatment.Conclusions:Early rPMS intervention significantly enhances the recovery of limb function after an intracerebral hemorrhage, possibly through its modulation of cortical excitability.

Difference of chronotypes makes influence to cognitive performance of individuals in routine duties. In this paper, 55 subjects with different chronotypes were subjected to continuous sleep deprivation for 30 h by using the constant routine protocol, during which core body temperature was measured continuously, and subjective sleepiness self-rating and the performance of selective attention were measured hourly. The results showed that the phase difference of core body temperature has no significant difference, yet the amplitude and term difference among the three chronotypes are significant. There was an advance in phase between subjective sleepiness self-rating and core body temperature, and the self-rating sleepiness of evening type came the latest, and the self-rating sleepiness of morning type dissipated the fastest. The response time of selective attention showed a 2 h phase delay with subjective sleepiness self-rating. And the analysis of core body temperature showed that the later the chronotype was, the greater the phase delay was. The correct rate of selective attention of different chronotypes were inconsistent with delay of subjective sleepiness self-rating and core body temperature. We provide reference for industry, aviation, military, medical and other fields to make a more scientific scheduling/ shifting based on cognitive performance characteristics of different chronotypes.
Attention/physiology* ; Circadian Rhythm/physiology* ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Sleep/physiology* ; Sleep Deprivation ; Sleepiness

Objective:To explore the factors influencing the extubation time of patients in a persistent vegetative state (PVS) after tracheotomy so as to provide a theoretical basis for early extubation for such patients.Methods:Clinical data were collected on PVS patients after a tracheotomy. The cases were divided into an extubation group and a difficult extubation group according to whether the extubation was successful or not. Version 22.0 of the SPSS software was used to evaluate univariate and multivariate logistic regressions analyzing the factors influencing the success of extubation.Results:The single-factor analysis revealed significant differences between the groups in terms of average age, nursing level, nutrition, swallowing function, hypoalbuminemia and incubation time. Gender, brain injury, stroke, ischemic anoxic encephalopathy and lung infection were not, however, significant predictors. The multivariate logistic regression analysis highlighted nutritional mode, swallowing function, intubation time, pulmonary infection, full-time care and age as independent predictors of extubation success.Conclusions:Intermittent oral to esophageal tube feeding and full-time care are protective factors for extubation of patients in a PVS after a tracheotomy. Swallowing disorders, intubation for more than 30 days, pulmonary infection and greater age are risk factors for unsuccessful extubation. Nutritional support, swallowing function training and intensive nursing can effectively improve the success rate of extubation.

Objective:To evaluate the influence of the sleeve lengths and implant lengths on accuracy of static computer-assisted implant surgery (sCAIS).Methods:Twenty-eight models of bilateral mandibular single tooth loss were included. Fifty-five implants were placed under the guidance of sCAIS (Straumann Bone Level 4.1 mm×10 mm). According to the height of metal sleeve of static guide plate, 55 implants were divided into 11 groups (free hand group, 1 mm group, 2 mm group, 3 mm group, 4 mm group, 5 mm group, 6 mm group, 7 mm group, 8 mm group, 9 mm group, 10 mm group), with 5 implants in each group. Eight research models were included. Group with 5 mm sleeve guides were used to place implants of different length, (Straumann Bone Level width 4.1 mm, height was 8 mm, 10 mm and 14 mm), 5 implants in each group. Eighteen patients with mandibular single tooth loss were included in the Department of Oral Implantology, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital from October 2018 to June 2019. There were 10 males and 8 females, 18-46(33.7±7.9) years old. A total of 18 implants were implanted and divided into 3 groups (free hand group, 3 mm group and 5 mm group) with 6 implants in each group. Digital software was used to compare the implant positions before and after implantation. Non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test or one-way ANOVA were used to analyze the results.Results:There was no significant difference in implant vertical deviation between different sleeve height groups (1-10 mm) and free hand group, but the neck deviation in free hand group[(1.04±0.13) mm] was significantly higher than that in different sleeve height groups (1-10 mm) ( P<0.05). The tip deviations of free hand group, 1 mm group and 2 mm group [(1.32±0.43), (0.83±0.10) and (0.78±0.11) mm, respectively] was significantly higher than that of 10 mm group [(0.31±0.14) mm]( P<0.05). The angle deviation of free hand group and 1 mm group (3.99°±0.85° and 2.59°±0.69°), respectively] was significantly higher than that of 10 mm group (0.61°±0.03°) ( P<0.05). The tip deviations of implants in the 14 mm group [(0.83±0.22) mm] was significantly higher than that in the 8 mm and 10 mm groups [(0.44±0.07) and (0.49±0.06) mm, respectively]. Clinical studies showed that there was no significant difference in neck deviation, tip deviation and angle deviation between 3 mm group and 5 mm group ( P>0.05), but deviations were significantly lower than those in free hand group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The length of the sleeves has significant influence on the accuracy of the surgical guide. There was no significant difference in accuracy of the implant guide with 3 mm or 5 mm metal sleeves. The vitro study has some limitations and needs further systematic research.

Objective:To investigate the influence of silver ion dressing on related infections induced by inserted central venous catheter through wounds in patients with severe burn.Methods:From June 2017 to December 2018, 90 severe burn patients who were admitted to the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University and met the inclusion criteria were included in this prospectively randomized control study. According to the random number table, they were divided into silver ion dressing group (30 patients, 20 males and 10 females, aged (37.2±3.4) years), sterile dressing group (30 patients, 18 males and 12 females, aged (35.2±4.1) years), and Anerdian dressing group (30 patients, 17 males and 13 females, aged (36.3±2.6) years). After admission, the patients in three groups were treated with a 16 G single-lumen central venous catheter inserted into the subclavian vein of burn wounds, with the depth of 19 cm. The puncture points of the patients in silver ion dressing group, sterile dressing group, and Anerdian dressing group were covered with silver ion medical antibacterial dressing, sterile dressing, and sterile gauze dressing infiltrated with Anerdian skin and mucous membrane washing and disinfecting solution, respectively. The patients in three groups underwent catheter maintenance and dressing change every 12 hours. The thousand-day infection rates of catheter outlet infection and catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI), catheter indwelling days, and pathogen detection of the patients in three groups were counted. Data were statistically analyzed with chi-square test, one-way analysis of variance, least significant difference test, Fisher′s exact probability test, and Bonferroni correction.Results:(1) The thousand-day infection rates of catheter outlet infection of patients in sterile dressing group and Anerdian dressing group were 22.29‰ (7/314) and 20.83‰ (7/336), respectively, which were similar ( P>0.05), and both were significantly higher than 1.54‰ (1/651) in silver ion dressing group ( P<0.01). The thousand-day infection rates of CRBSI of patients in sterile dressing group and Anerdian dressing group were 25.48‰ (8/314) and 20.83‰ (7/336), respectively, which were similar ( P>0.05), and both were significantly higher than 1.54‰ (1/651) in silver ion dressing group ( P<0.01). The catheter indwelling days of patients in sterile dressing group and Anerdian dressing group were similar ( P>0.05), and both were significantly shorter than the days in silver ion dressing group ( P<0.01). (2) A total of 16 cases of CRBSI occurred in all the patients in 3 groups. A total of 16 pathogenic bacteria were isolated from catheter tip attachment microbial culture and blood microbial culture. The detections rates of pathogenic bacteria of patients in sterile dressing group and Anerdian dressing group were significantly higher than the rate in silver ion dressing group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:For severe burn patients, the use of silver ion dressings in the maintenance of central venous catheters inserted through wounds can effectively reduce the rate of central venous catheter-related infections and extend the catheter indwelling days.

Objective To explore the feasibility and evaluate the teaching effect of case-based multidisciplinary team teaching mode in clinical practice teaching of gynecology.Method According to different grade,120 students were divided into experimental group and control group (60 students per group).The teaching content contained three malignant tumor cases,which were cervical cancer,endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer.The course needed 12 periods totally.The experimental group received multidisciplinary team (MDT) teaching mode,and the control group received traditional lecture-based learning teaching mode (LBL).Teaching effect evaluation and test scores would be analyzed at the end of teaching.SPSS19.0 was used for t test and chi-square test.Results Our results showed that the theory test scores,practical skills test scores,the paperwork scores and the total scores of the students in MDT group were significantly higher than those in the traditional group (P＜0.05).At the same time,the students' self-evaluation scores in the ability of information retrieval,acquisition,understanding,comprehensive and the ability of self-learning,learning interest,enthusiasm and teamwork were significantly higher than the traditional group (P＜0.05).Conclusion MDT teaching mode is feasible,which can improve teaching effect and students' quality,and is worthy of advocating and popularization.

Objective: To explore the influence of high-voltage electrical burns on the number of platelet aggregation, β-thromboglobulin (β-TG) and platelet factor 4 (PF-4) and the interventional effects of ulinastatin in rats with high-voltage electrical burns. Methods: A total of 240 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into sham injury (SI) group, simple electrical burn (SEB) group, normal saline (NS) group, and ulinastatin (UTI) group according to the random number table, with 60 rats in each group. The electrical current was applied to the outside proximal part of left forelimb of rats and exited from the outside proximal part of right hind limb of rats. Rats in groups SEB, NS, and UTI were inflicted with high-voltage electrical burn wounds of 1 cm×1 cm at current entrances and exits, with the voltage regulator and experimental transformer. Rats in group SI were sham injured through connecting the same equipments without electricity. At 2 min post injury, rats in group NS were intraperitoneally injected with 2 mL/kg NS, and rats in group UTI were intraperitoneally injected with 2×10⁴ U/kg UTI of 10 g/L. At 15 min before injury and 5 min, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h post injury, 10 rats in each group were selected to collect 5-7 mL blood of heart respectively. Blood of 0.05 mL were collected to make fresh blood smear for observing the number of platelet aggregation, and serum were separated from the remaining blood to determine content of β-TG and PF-4 with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data were processed with analysis of factorial design of variance, student-Newman-Keuls test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, and Bonferroni correction. Results: (1) At 15 min before injury, the numbers of platelet aggregation of rats were close among groups SI, SEB, NS and UTI (5.9±1.2, 5.8±1.2, 5.9±1.3, 5.9±1.1, respectively, with P values above 0.05). At 5 min, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h post injury, the numbers of platelet aggregation of rats in group SEB were 57.2±16.3, 59.1±16.9, 60.8±20.6, 83.6±24.9, and 83.4±30.3, respectively, obviously more than those in group SI (6.0±1.3, 6.0±1.4, 5.9±1.4, 5.7±1.1, and 5.8±1.3, respectively, with P values below 0.001); the numbers of platelet aggregation of rats in group UTI were 29.6±7.4, 31.9±10.1, 35.0±14.2, 43.0±13.6, and 35.2±11.1, respectively, obviously more than those in group NS (58.3±16.1, 63.9±18.0, 60.8±17.7, 74.2±23.0, and 82.3±21.9, respectively, with P values below 0.001). There was no significantly statistical difference in the number of platelet aggregation of rats in group SI between each two time points within the same group (with P values above 0.05), but the number of platelet aggregation of rats in the other 3 groups at each time point post injury was significantly more than that of the same group at 15 min before injury (with P values below 0.001). (2) At 2, 4, and 8 h post injury, β-TG content of serum of rats in group SEB was significantly higher than that in group SI (with Z values from -3.780 to -3.477, P values below 0.05). At 5 min and 4 h post injury, β-TG content of serum of rats in group UTI was significantly lower than that in group NS (with Z values respectively -3.477 and -3.780, P values below 0.05). There was no significantly statistical difference in β-TG content of serum of rats in group SI at all time points of the same group (χ²=0.130, P >0.05). At 2, 4, and 8 h post injury, β-TG content of serum of rats in group SEB was significantly higher than that of the same group at 15 min before injury (with Z values from -3.780 to -3.553, P values below 0.05). At 5 min, 1 h, and 4 h post injury, β-TG content of serum of rats in group NS was significantly higher than that of the same group at 15 min before injury (with Z values from -3.780 to -3.477, P values below 0.05). At 1 and 4 h post injury, β-TG content of serum of rats in group UTI was significantly higher than that of the same group at 15 min before injury (with Z values respectively -3.250 and -3.780, P values below 0.05). (3) At 2 and 8 h post injury, PF-4 content of serum of rats in group SEB was significantly higher than that in group SI (with P values below 0.05). At 2 h post injury, PF-4 content of serum of rats in group UTI was significantly higher than that in group NS (P<0.05), and at 4 and 8 h post injury, PF-4 content of serum of rats in group UTI was significantly lower than that in group NS (with P values below 0.05). At all time points, PF-4 content of serum of rats in group SI was close (with P values above 0.05). At 2 and 8 h post injury, PF-4 content of serum of rats in group SEB was significantly higher than that of the same group at 15 min before injury (with P values below 0.05). At 1, 4, and 8 h post injury, PF-4 content of serum of rats in group NS was significantly higher than that of the same group at 15 min before injury (with P values below 0.05). There were significantly statistical differences in PF-4 content of serum of rats between all time points except for 5 min post injury and 15 min before injury (with P values below 0.05). Conclusions Increasing number of platelet aggregation and abnormal secretion of β-TG and PF-4 of rats with high-voltage electrical burns can lead to microcirculation disturbance. UTI can alleviate microcirculation disturbance caused by high-voltage electrical burns by reducing the number of platelet aggregation and inhibiting secretion of β-TG and PF-4.

BACKGROUND:Adipose-derived stem cel s have different sources, but it is unclear whether these cel s from different sources have difference in their biological properties.
OBJECTIVE:To detect the in vitro proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cel s derived from renal fat capsule and groin.
METHODS:Adipose-derived stem cel s from renal fat capsule and groin of rats were isolated, cultured and identified. MTT assay was used to detect in vitro proliferation ability of these cel s. Passage 3 cel s were under chondrogenic induction for 2 weeks. After induction, the expression of type II col agen was observed by immunofluorescence detection, and RT-PCR was employed to detect the expression levels of Aggrecan and type II col agen mRNA in the two groups.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After primary culture and passage, adipose-derived stem cel s from the renal fat capsule and groin of rats exhibited similar morphology, and over 95%of cel s expressed CD44 in the two groups. Adipose-derived stem cel s from two sources showed an S-shaped growth curve in vitro and were positive for type II col agen. After RT-PCR detection, the expression levels of Aggrecan and type II col agen mRNA had no difference in adipose-derived stem cel s from renal fat capsule and groin (P>0.05). Experimental results show that adipose-derived stem cel s from both renal fat capsule and groin exhibit stable growth, rapid proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation under orient induction in vitro, indicating there is no difference between these cel s from two sources.

Objective To explore the early diagnosis value of C‐reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT ) for bacterial in‐fectious pneumonia of children .Methods A total of 101 children with bacterial infectious pneumonia ,64 children with non‐bacterial infectious pneumonia and 73 children with non‐infectious disease were selected in bacterial infectious pneumonia group ,non‐bacterial infectious pneumonia group and non‐infectious disease group respectively .Serum PCT and CRP levels were measured before treat‐ment in the three groups .With sputum culture results as gold standard for the diagnosis of bacterial infectious pneumonia ,the sensi‐tivity ,specificity ,positive predictive value ,negative predictive value ,Youden index and diagnostic accuracy of PCT ,CRP ,PCT /CRP series test and parallel test were calculated for bacterial infectious pneumonia diagnosis .Results The levels of PCT and CRP of children in bacterial infectious pneumonia group were significant higher than those of children in non‐bacterial infectious pneumonia group and non‐infectious disease group(P < 0 .05) .The sensitivity ,specificity ,positive predictive value ,negative predictive value , Youden index and diagnostic accuracy of PCT ( ≥ 0 .5 ng/mL as the best intercept point) for bacterial infectious pneumonia diagno‐sis were 0 .743 ,0 .719 ,0 .806 ,0 .639 ,0 .461 and 0 .733 .And the same values for PCT /CRP series test were 0 .604 ,0 .875 ,0 .884 , 0 .583 ,0 .479 and 0 .709 respectively .All the values were higher than those of children in non‐bacterial infectious pneumonia group and non‐infectious disease group except sensitivity .Conclusion The combination of PCT and PCT /CRP series test is ideal method for early diagnosis of bacterial infectious pneumonia with high sensitivity and specificity .