To introduce and analyze guideline terminology related to clinical question formulation, evidence retrieval and appraisal, and recommendation development.

Objective To identify inflammation-related genes in atrial fibrillation(AF)and explore the possible role and mechanism of these genes and infiltrating immune cells in the development of AF.Methods A series of bioinformatics analysis combined with machine learning algorithms to identify biomarkers of AF,the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were used to verify the prediction and diagnostic value of key genes,and Spearman correlation analysis was used to clarify the correlation between key genes and infiltrating immune cells.Results 593 differential genes(| log2(fold change,FC)|>1,P<0.05),7 immune cell subtypes(P<0.05)were selected,190 immune-related differential genes were obtained,3 biomarkers(IGF1,PTGS 2 and PPARG),and the correlation analysis showed that 3 markers were significantly associated with infiltrating immune cells(P<0.05).Conclusion IGF1,PTGS2 and PPARG are inflammation-related genes of AF,which are speculated to be closely related to the process and pathway of immune cell infiltration.

Objective Data mining technology was used to mine the medication rules of the prescriptions used in the treatment of pediatric atopic dermatitis by Chinese medical master XUAN Guo-Wei.Methods The medical records of effective cases of pediatric atopic dermatitis treated by Professor XUAN Guo-Wei at outpatient clinic were collected,and then the medical data were statistically analyzed using frequency statistics,association rule analysis and cluster analysis.Results A total of 242 prescriptions were included,involving 101 Chinese medicinals.There were 23 commonly-used herbs,and the 16 high-frequency herbs(frequency＞100 times)were Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,Saposhnikoviae Radix,Glehniae Radix,Perillae Folium,Ophiopogonis Radix,Cynanchi Paniculati Radix et Rhizoma,Microctis Folium,Dictamni Cortex,Scrophulariae Radix,Coicis Semen,Cicadae Periostracum,Lilii Bulbus,Rehmanniae Radix,Kochiae Fructus,Sclerotium Poriae Pararadicis,and Euryales Semen.The analysis of the medicinal properties showed that most of the herbs were sweet and cold,and mainly had the meridian tropism of the spleen,stomach and liver meridians.The association rule analysis yielded 24 commonly-used drug combinations and 20 association rules.Cluster analysis yielded 2 core drug combinations.Conclusion For the treatment of pediatric atopic dermatitis,Professor XUAN Guo-Wei focuses on the clearing,supplementing and harmonizing therapies,and the medication principle of"supporting the healthy-qi to eliminate the pathogen,and balancing the yin and yang"is applied throughout the treatment.

Objective:To explore the value of salivary gland imaging based on deep learning and Delta radiomics in assessing salivary gland injury after 131I treatment in post-thyroidectomy thyroid cancer patients. Methods:A retrospective analysis on 223 patients (46 males, 177 females, age(47.7±14.0) years ) with papillary thyroid cancer, who underwent total thyroidectomy and 131I treatment in Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University between December 2019 and January 2022, was conducted. All patients underwent salivary gland 99Tc mO 4- imaging before and after 131I therapy. The patients were categorized according to salivary gland function based on 99Tc mO 4- imaging results (normal salivary gland vs salivary gland injury), and divided into training and test sets in a ratio of 7∶3. A ResNet-34 neural network model was trained using images at the time of maximum salivary gland radioactivity and those based on background radioactivity counts for structured image feature data. The Delta radiomics approach was then used to subtract the image feature values of the two periods, followed by feature selection through t-test, correlation analysis, and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator( LASSO) algorithm, to develop logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM), and K-nearest neighbor (KNN) predictive models. The diagnostic performance of 3 models for salivary gland function on the test set was compared with that of the manual interpretation. The AUCs of the 3 models on the test set were compared (Delong test). Results:Among the 67 cases of the test set, the diagnostic accuracy of 3 physicians were 89.6%(60/67), 83.6%(56/67), and 82.1%(55/67) respectively, with the time required for diagnosis of 56, 74 and 55 min, respectively. The accuracies of LR, SVM, and KNN models were 91.0%(61/67), 86.6%(58/67), and 82.1%(55/67), with the required times of 12.5, 15.3 and 17.9 s, respectively. All 3 radiomics models demonstrated good classification and predictive capabilities, with AUC values for the training set of 0.972, 0.965, and 0.943, and for the test set of 0.954, 0.913, and 0.791, respectively. There were no significant differences among the AUC values for the test set ( z values: 0.72, 1.18, 1.82, all P>0.05). Conclusion:The models based on deep learning and Delta radiomics possess high predictive value in assessing salivary gland injury following 131I treatment after surgery in patients with thyroid cancer.

As the predominant toxic constituent within the Aconitum genus, Aconitum alkaloids (ATs) exhibit both significant pharmaceutical value and substantial toxicity, have been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine and the realm of contemporary clinical medicine. However, owing to their high toxicity, inappropriate employment of ATs in pharmaceuticals, edibles, and the environment will pose serious threats to human health, inciting a series of toxic incidents. Consequently, it is very important to develop effective analytical methods. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the advancements in research pertaining to the pretreatment and detection methods in common substrates, including high performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and rapid detection methods. To explore the specific sources of ATs in actual poisoning cases, the comprehensive traceability strategy based on plant morphology, chemical fingerprint analysis and DNA barcoding technology was discussed, proposing a comprehensive prospect for the development of ATs analysis and traceability, in order to provide guidance for related research within the forensic science domain.

Objective To establish a method for determining hydrogen sulfide(H2S)in blood and apply it to practical cases.Methods A delute solution was achieved by adding 0.8 mL saturated borax solution into 0.2 mL blood sample was diluted with.1 mL acetonitrile solution containing 0.1％formic acid was then taken in a test tube,followed by adding 0.1 mL dilute solution and 0.1 mL thiozine aqueous solution(1％).After thorough mixing,the mixture was left to stand for 30 minutes.Subsequently,the sample was subjected to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS)analysis after centrifugation and membrane filtration.Results The results showed that H2S exhibited good linearity within the concentration range of 10～2 000 ng/mL,with the R2 value of 0.998 5.The detection limit was 5 ng/mL,and the quantification limit was 10 ng/mL.In three cases of H2S poisoning,sulfur ions were detected in the blood of the deceased individuals,with concentrations ranging from 0.17 to 0.56 μg/mL.Conclusion For the first time,this study established a LC-MS/MS method for determining H2S in blood,which can meet the detection needs of H2S poisoning cases.

Astrocytes are the largest glial population in the mammalian brain. However, we have a minimal understanding of astrocyte development, especially fate specification in different regions of the brain. Through lineage tracing of the progenitors of the third ventricle (3V) wall via in-utero electroporation in the embryonic mouse brain, we show the fate specification and migration pattern of astrocytes derived from radial glia along the 3V wall. Unexpectedly, radial glia located in different regions along the 3V wall of the diencephalon produce distinct cell types: radial glia in the upper region produce astrocytes and those in the lower region produce neurons in the diencephalon. With genetic fate mapping analysis, we reveal that the first population of astrocytes appears along the zona incerta in the diencephalon. Astrogenesis occurs at an early time point in the dorsal region relative to that in the ventral region of the developing diencephalon. With transcriptomic analysis of the region-specific 3V wall and lateral ventricle (LV) wall, we identified cohorts of differentially-expressed genes in the dorsal 3V wall compared to the ventral 3V wall and LV wall that may regulate astrogenesis in the dorsal diencephalon. Together, these results demonstrate that the generation of astrocytes shows a spatiotemporal pattern in the developing mouse diencephalon.
Mice ; Animals ; Astrocytes ; Neuroglia/physiology* ; Diencephalon ; Brain ; Neurons ; Mammals

Conventional chemotherapy based on cytotoxic drugs is facing tough challenges recently following the advances of monoclonal antibodies and molecularly targeted drugs. It is critical to inspire new potential to remodel the value of this classical therapeutic strategy. Here, we fabricate bisphosphonate coordination lipid nanogranules (BC-LNPs) and load paclitaxel (PTX) to boost the chemo- and immuno-therapeutic synergism of cytotoxic drugs. Alendronate in BC-LNPs@PTX, a bisphosphonate to block mevalonate metabolism, works as both the structure and drug constituent in nanogranules, where alendronate coordinated with calcium ions to form the particle core. The synergy of alendronate enhances the efficacy of paclitaxel, suppresses tumor metastasis, and alters the cytotoxic mechanism. Differing from the paclitaxel-induced apoptosis, the involvement of alendronate inhibits the mevalonate metabolism, changes the mitochondrial morphology, disturbs the redox homeostasis, and causes the accumulation of mitochondrial ROS and lethal lipid peroxides (LPO). These factors finally trigger the ferroptosis of tumor cells, an immunogenic cell death mode, which remodels the suppressive tumor immune microenvironment and synergizes with immunotherapy. Therefore, by switching paclitaxel-induced apoptosis to mevalonate metabolism-triggered ferroptosis, BC-LNPs@PTX provides new insight into the development of cytotoxic drugs and highlights the potential of metabolism regulation in cancer therapy.

Objective:To explore the changes in acoustic features of 9-10-year-old primary school students with depressive symptoms, and based on these features and the random forest (RF) algorithm, construct a model for identifying depressive symptoms in primary school students, so as to provide an intelligent psychological health screening tool for schools and education departments.Methods:This was a case-control study.A total of 1 186 primary school students aged 9-10 from three primary schools in three regions of Jiangsu Province were selected as research subjects for psychological health screening from October 26, 2022 to February 13, 2023.Their demographic data, Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale (DASS-21) scores, Insomnia Severity Index scores, and voice recordings were collected.Based on the DASS-21 scores, the participants were divided into a control group ( n=1 086) and a depression group ( n=100).Voice recordings were made using the neutral text " The North Wind and the Sun". openSMILE was used to extract 523 acoustic features from the pre-processed voice recordings.Group differences were assessed using independent-samples t-tests or chi-square tests.Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between acoustic features and depression scores.Depressive symptoms were set as the dependent variable, and the correlated acoustic features were set as the independent variable to construct a classification model using the RF algorithm.The model performance was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the area under the curve (AUC), precision, accuracy, recall, and F1 score. Results:Compared with the control group, the depression group showed significant differences in 105 acoustic features (44 spectral features, 49 source features, and 12 prosodic features) (all P<0.05).Correlation analysis showed that 12 acoustic features (7 spectral features, 4 source features, and 1 prosodic feature) were significantly correlated with the depression score (all P<0.05).Among the RF algorithm-based classification models, the spectral features demonstrated superior performance compared to source features and prosodic features (AUC=0.793), and the performance of the model based on the combination of these features was the best (AUC=0.818). Conclusions:Acoustic features may be an objective indicator to identify the depression of 9-10-year-old primary school students, and the classification model established based on acoustic features can identify the depressed primary school students.

Objective To investigate the effect of individual exercise training on the rehabilitation of patients with coronary heart disease(CHD)after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods A total of 81 patients between January 2021 and December 2023 were randomly allocated into an observation group(n=41)and a control group(n=40)using a simple random number Tab.method.The control group received routine post-operative rehabilitation intervention,while the observation group received individualized exercise training as the core component of cardiac rehabilitation intervention.The study compared the effects of rehabilitation,cardiac function parameters[left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVEDD)],exercise endurance measures[6-minute walking distance(6MWD)],and quality of life assessed by Seattle Angina Pecina Scale(SAQ)scores between the two groups before and after a three-month intervention period.Results The total recovery response rate in the observation group was higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05).LVEF,LVEDD,6 MWD,maximum exercise load and SAQ scales(P＞0.05),LVEF were higher than before intervention(t=3.345,2.480,3.165,5.016,2.059,4.582,4.443,3.353,P＜0.05),and LVEDD was lower than before intervention(t=3.335,P＜0.05).Conclusion The individualized exercise training-based cardiac rehabili-tation program demonstrates potential for enhancing cardiac function and exercise endurance in patients with CHD following PCI,thereby improving their overall quality of life.This finding holds significant clinical implications.