Tumor has become a major disease that seriously threatens human health and life. The incidence rate is increasing year by year， yet the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， a treasure of the Chinese nation and a wealth for people worldwide， plays an important role in the treatment of tumors and has been receiving increasing attention both in China and abroad. In earlier work， based on the symptoms and metastatic characteristics of tumors， and drawing on the TCM theory of Yin and Yang in combination with modern medical research on tumors， the ''Yin deficiency-cancer correlation'' hypothesis was proposed. This hypothesis holds that ''Yin deficiency'' of the body is a major cause of malignant tumors， and that nourishing Yin to eliminate the pathogenic factor of Yin deficiency can treat cancer. By using Yin-nourishing drugs to tonify Yin deficiency， the occurrence and development of malignant tumors can be effectively prevented. Common anti-tumor Yin-nourishing drugs include Glehniae Radix， Lilii Bulbus， Ophiopogonis Radix， Liriopes Radix， Asparagi Radix， Dendrobii Caulis， Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis， Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma， Polygonati Rhizoma， Lycii Fructus， Mori Fructus， Ligustri Lucidi Fructus， Ecliptae Herba， Rehmanniae Radix， and Anemarrhenae Rhizoma. These drugs are generally sweet in flavor， cold and cool in nature， and moist in texture. They have the functions of nourishing Yin fluids， generating body fluids， and moistening dryness， and can also clear heat， being primarily indicated for Yin deficiency with depletion of body fluids. In view of the potential advantages and value of treating malignant tumors by tonifying Yin deficiency with Chinese medicine， this paper reviews recent studies on the anti-tumor effects of active components of Yin-nourishing drugs. It further summarizes their mechanisms of action in inducing apoptosis of tumor cells， arresting tumor cell proliferation， inhibiting tumor invasion， metastasis， and angiogenesis， enhancing and regulating immune function， augmenting the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs， and reversing tumor drug resistance. This study provides an objective overview of research progress on Yin-nourishing drugs in tumor treatment and offers new ideas for cancer therapy.

Background::Whether functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are associated with the long-term risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the prospective association of FGIDs with CKD and examine whether mental health mediated the association.Methods::About 416,258 participants without a prior CKD diagnosis enrolled in the UK Biobank between 2006 and 2010 were included. Participants with FGIDs (including irritable bowel syndrome [IBS], dyspepsia, and other functional intestinal disorders [FIDs; mainly composed of constipation]) were the exposure group, and non-FGID participants were the non-exposure group. The primary outcome was incident CKD, ascertained from hospital admission and death registry records. A Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to investigate the association between FGIDs and CKD, and the mediation analysis was performed to investigate the mediation proportions of mental health.Results::At baseline, 33,156 (8.0%) participants were diagnosed with FGIDs, including 21,060 (5.1%), 8262 (2.0%), and 6437 (1.6%) cases of IBS, dyspepsia, and other FIDs, respectively. During a mean follow-up period of 12.1 years, 11,001 (2.6%) participants developed CKD. FGIDs were significantly associated with a higher risk of incident CKD compared to the absence of FGIDs (hazard ratio [HR], 1.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28–1.44). Similar results were observed for IBS (HR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.17–1.38), dyspepsia (HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.17–1.44), and other FIDs (HR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.43–1.79). Mediation analyses suggested that the mental health score significantly mediated 9.05% of the association of FGIDs with incident CKD and 5.63–13.97% of the associations of FGID subtypes with CKD. Specifically, the positive associations of FGIDs and FGID subtypes with CKD were more pronounced in participants with a high genetic risk of CKD.Conclusion::Participants with FGIDs had a higher risk of incident CKD, which was partly explained by mental health scores and was more pronounced in those with high genetic susceptibility to CKD.

We aimed to investigate the relationship of dietary zinc intake with new-onset hypertension among Chinese adults. A total of 12,177 participants who were free of hypertension at baseline from the China Health and Nutrition Survey were included. Dietary intake was assessed by three consecutive 24-h dietary recalls combined with a household food inventory. Participants with systolic blood pressure ≽ 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≽ 90 mmHg or diagnosed by a physician or under antihypertensive treatment during the follow-up were defined as having new-onset hypertension. During a median follow-up duration of 6.1 years, 4269 participants developed new-onset hypertension. Overall, the association between dietary zinc intake and new-onset hypertension followed a J-shape (P for non-linearity < 0.001). The risk of new-onset hypertension significantly decreased with the increment of dietary zinc intake (per mg/day: hazard ratio (HR) 0.93; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.88-0.98) in participants with zinc intake < 10.9 mg/day, and increased with the increment of zinc intake (per mg/day: HR 1.14; 95% CI 1.11-1.16) in participants with zinc intake ≽ 10.9 mg/day. In conclusion, there was a J-shaped association between dietary zinc intake and new-onset hypertension in general Chinese adults, with an inflection point at about 10.9 mg/day.
Adult ; Humans ; Cohort Studies ; Zinc ; Diet ; Hypertension/epidemiology* ; Eating ; China/epidemiology*

ObjectiveTo explore the material basis for the difference in the efficacy of different parts of mulberry based on molecular connectivity index （MCI）. MethodBy referring to the relevant literature at home and abroad and traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform （TCMSP） database， the chemical composition database of mulberry-source medicinal materials was established. Venn analysis was carried out on the components among mulberry-source medicinal materials. The components in the database were divided into 10 categories， and the composition information was analyzed. According to MCI value， all components of mulberry-source medicinal materials were divided into different groups. The angle cosine method was used to calculate the MCI similarity. The average MCI values of the common component group from 0-8 orders and CI of mulberry-source medicinal materials were calculated. ResultThe components with high similarity such as （+）-cycloolivil， 1′-methoxy-2′-hydroxydihydromollugin， kuwanon， morusin and 1-deoxynojirimycin were selected as potential pharmacodynamic components. Mulberry-source medicinal materials could be divided into five component groups. The similarity between component groups and total components was 0.760-0.999， and the similarity between component groups was 0.248-0.999. In Mori Ramulus， Mori Folium， Mori Cortex and Mori Fructus， the average MCI values of their flavonoids from 0-8 orders were 4.57， 4.59， 6.41， 4.24， respectively. The average MCI values of alkaloids from 0-8 orders were 2.65， 4.55， 2.58， 2.78， respectively. The average CI values from 0-8 orders were 5.51， 5.49， 5.44 and 2.88， respectively. ConclusionIt is preliminarily concluded that there are differences in the flavonoids and pathways of hypoglycemic effects between Mori Cortex and the other three mulberry-source medicinal materials. The MCI values of alkaloids from 0-8 orders in Mori Folium and Mori Fructus were higher， but their inhibitory activity of α-glucosidase were lower than those of Mori Ramulus and Mori Cortex. The structural characteristics of the total components of Mori Fructus represented by CI were quite different from the other three mulberry-source medicinal materials.

Peptide dual agonists toward both glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) and glucagon receptor (GCGR) are emerging as novel therapeutics for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with obesity. Our previous work identified a Xenopus GLP-1-based dual GLP-1R/GCGR agonist termed xGLP/GCG-13, which showed decent hypoglycemic and body weight lowering activity. However, the clinical utility of xGLP/GCG-13 is limited due to its short in vivo half-life. Inspired by the fact that O-GlcNAcylation of intracellular proteins leads to increased stability of secreted proteins, we rationally designed a panel of O-GlcNAcylated xGLP/GCG-13 analogs as potential long-acting GLP-1R/ GCGR dual agonists. One of the synthesized glycopeptides 1f was found to be equipotent to xGLP/GCG-13 in cell-based receptor activation assays. As expected, O-GlcNAcylation effectively improved the stability of xGLP/GCG-13 in vivo. Importantly, chronic administration of 1f potently induced body weight loss and hypoglycemic effects, improved glucose tolerance, and normalized lipid metabolism and adiposity in both db/db and diet induced obesity (DIO) mice models. These results supported the hypothesis that glycosylation is a useful strategy for improving the in vivo stability of GLP-1-based peptides and promoted the development of dual GLP-1R/GCGR agonists as antidiabetic/antiobesity drugs.
Mice ; Animals ; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1/metabolism* ; Receptors, Glucagon/therapeutic use* ; Xenopus laevis/metabolism* ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy* ; Glycopeptides/therapeutic use* ; Obesity/drug therapy* ; Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology* ; Peptides/pharmacology*

OBJECTIVE： To optimize the formulation of Diosmin gel and to investigate its in vitro release property. METHODS： Diosmin gel were prepared by using Carbomer 940 as matrix. Using accumulative release rate as index， with the amount of Carbomer 940， ethanol， acetone and pH as factors， L9（34） orthogonal test was conducted. The formulation of Diosmin gel was optimized and validated. Using Diosmin ointment as reference， dialysis bag diffusion method was used to investigate in vitro release property of Diosmin gel prepared by optimal formulation. RESULTS： The optimal formulation of Diosmin gel included Carbomer 940 1.5 g， ethanol 15 mL， glycerol 8 g， pH 6. The gel prepared with optimal formulation was sticky brown-yellow semi solid， and had good coating and spreading properties. The average accumulative release rate （2 h） was （12.67±0.12）％. Results of drug release test showed that Diosmin gel released rapidly within 12 h， then gradually slowed down. The accumulative release rates were （71.93±0.42）％ （12 h） and （80.47±0.54）％ （24 h）， drug release of which were in line with Higuchi equation. Diosmin ointment was released slowly. The accumulative release rates were （41.74±0.18）％ （12 h） and （62.63±0.59）％ （24 h）. Drug release of it were in line with first-order equation. CONCLUSIONS： The formulation of Diosmin gel is optimized successfully. Prepared Diosmin gel has good drug release property.

α-Amino acid ester acyltransferase (Aet) catalyzes the L-alanyl-L-glutamine forming reaction from L-alaine methylester hydrochloride and L-glutamine. In this study, the recombinant Escherichia coli saet-QC01 was used to express the α-amino acid acyltransferase, and its expression conditions were optimized. The recombinant protein was separated and purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography, and its enzymatic properties and catalytic applications were studied. The induction conditions suitable for enzyme production optimized were as follows: The temperature was 20 ℃, the induction stage (OD₆₀₀=2.0-2.5), IPTG concentration was 0.6 mmol/L, induction time was 12 h. The optimal reaction conditions of α-amino acid acyltransferase were 27 ℃, pH 8.5, it was most stable between pH 7.0 and 8.0 and relatively stable in an acidic environment, and low concentration of Co²⁺ or EDTA could promote the enzyme activity. Under optimal reaction conditions, 600 mmol/L of L-alaine methylester hydrochloride and 480 mmol/L of L-glutamine, the yield of L-alanyl-L-glutamine reached 78.2 g/L and productivity of 1.955 g/L/min, the conversion rate reached 75.0%. α-Amino acid ester acyltransferase has excellent acid-basei resistance, high catalytic efficiency. These characteristics suggest its application prospects in the industrial production.

With the decline in cognitive ability, loss of ability to live, the demand of care for the Alzheimer's patients gradually increased. Caregivers tended to bear a greater physical and mental burden. In this study, we found that the caregivers of senile dementia were prone to psychological problems such as depression and anxiety, which may be related to the caregiver's age and caregiving time, and the positive intervention can relieve the psychological problems of the caregivers. This article aims to provide a theoretical basis for nursing workers to explore more effective nursing measures, so as to improve the quality of life of dementia patients and caregivers.

Objective To describe fatigue among children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)receiving chemotherapy in hospital and explore its related factors.Methods A total of 100 hospitalized children with ALL receiving chemotherapy and their main caregivers were surveyed on demographic information,treatment data,Wong-Baker facial scale and the PedsQLTMMFS Multidimensional Fatigue Scale.Results The incidence of fatigue was 99％ (99/100).The total score of fatigue scale was (56.71±17.32) on average.Multiple linear regression modeling showed that the factors related with fatigue included the time of dexamethasone use,childen's sleep quality,hemoglobin content,pain score,the time for the present chemotherapy,age and main caregivers' self-rating health status (P＜ 0.05 or 0.01).Conclusions Fatigue is serious among children with ALL receiving chemotherapy and is related with demographic factors,diseases,treatment condition and health status of the caregivers.