Objective: To explore the distribution of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes in children with hepatolenticular degeneration (Wilson disease, WD) based on factor analysis and cluster analysis. Methods: From November 2018 to November 2023, general information (gender, age of admission, age of onset, course of disease, clinical staging, Western medicine clinical symptoms, and family history) and TCM four-examination informations (symptoms and signs) were retrospectively collected from 757 cases of children with WD at the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, and factor analysis and cluster analysis were used to investigate TCM syndromes in children with WD. Results: A total of 757 children with WD were included, of which 483 were male and 274 were female; the median age at admission was 12.58 years, the median age at onset was 8.33 years, and the median course of disease was 24.37 months; clinical typing result indicated 506 cases of hepatic type, 133 cases of brain type, 99 cases of mixed-type, and 19 cases of other type; 36.46% of the children had no clinical symptoms (elevated aminotransferases or abnormalities in copper biochemistry); a total of 177 cases had a definite family history, and 10 cases had a suspected family history. Forty-three TCM four-examination information were obtained, with the top 10 in descending order being feeling listless and weak, brown urine, slow action, inappetence, dim complexion, slurred speech, angular salivation, body weight loss, hand and foot tremors, and abdominal fullness. In children with WD, the syndrome element of disease location was primarily characterized by the liver, involving the spleen and kidney, and the syndrome elements of disease nature were characterized by dampness, heat, and yin deficiency. Based on factor analysis and cluster analysis, five TCM syndromes were derived, which were, in order, syndrome of dampness-heat accumulation (265 cases, 35.01%), syndrome of yin deficiency of the liver and kidney (202 cases, 26.68%), syndrome of liver hyperactivity with spleen deficiency (185 cases, 24.44%), syndrome of qi and blood deficiency (79 cases, 10.44%), and syndrome of yang deficiency of the spleen and kidney (26 cases, 3.43%). Conclusion The TCM syndromes of children with WD were primarily syndromes of dampness-heat accumulation, yin deficiency of the liver and kidney, and liver hyperactivity with spleen deficiency. The liver was the main disease location, and the disease nature was characterized by deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, excess and deficiency mixed. These findings suggest that treating children with WD should be based on the liver while also considering the spleen and kidney.

ObjectiveTo study the correlations between traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndromes and lipid metabolism in children with Wilson disease （WD）. MethodsClinical data and lipid metabolism indicators ［total cholesterol （TC）， triglycerides （TG）， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）， apolipoprotein A1 （ApoA1）， apolipoprotein B （ApoB）， and lipoprotein a （Lpa）］ were retrospectively collected from 341 children with WD. The clinical data were compared among WD children with different syndromes， and the correlations between TCM syndromes and lipid metabolism in children with WD were analyzed. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator （LASSO） regression was used for variable screening， and unordered multinomial Logistic regression was employed to analyze the effects of lipid metabolism indicators on TCM syndromes. ResultsThe 341 children with WD included 121 （35.5%） children with the dampness-heat accumulation syndrome， 103 （30.2%） children with the liver-kidney Yin deficiency syndrome， 68 children with the combined phlegm and stasis syndrome， 29 children with the spleen-kidney Yang deficiency syndrome， and 20 children with the liver qi stagnation syndrome. The liver-kidney Yin deficiency syndrome， combined phlegm and stasis syndrome， and spleen-kidney Yang deficiency syndrome had correlations with the levels of lipid metabolism indicators （P<0.05）. Lipid metabolism abnormalities occurred in 232 （68.0%） children， including hypertriglyceridemia （108）， hypercholesterolemia （23）， mixed hyperlipidemia （67）， lipoprotein a-hyperlipoproteinemia （12）， and hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia （22）. The percentages of hypertriglyceridemia and hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia varied among children with different TCM syndromes （P<0.05）. Correlations existed for the liver-kidney Yin deficiency syndrome with TG， TC， and HDL-C， the combined phlegm and stasis syndrome with TG， the spleen-kidney Yang deficiency syndrome with TG， TC， and LDL-C， and the liver Qi stagnation syndrome with TC and LDL-C （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionThe TCM syndromes of children with WD are dominated by the dampness-heat accumulation syndrome and the liver-kidney Yin deficiency syndrome， and dyslipidemia in the children with WD is dominated by hypertriglyceridemia and mixed hyperlipidemia. There are different correlations between TCM syndromes and lipid metabolism indicators， among which TG， TC， LDL-C， and HDL-C could assist in identifying TCM syndromes in children with WD.

Hip surgery is often associated with moderate to severe postoperative pain due to exten-sive invasion.A safe and effective postoperative pain treatment can promote patients'recovering activities and facilitate the early functional recovery of the hip after the surgery.Although the routinely used intrave-nous self-controlled analgesia has an exquisite analgesic effect,it carries the risks of postoperative nausea and emesis,excessive sedation,intestinal paralysis,and even respiratory depression.As an alternative to transversus abdominis plane block(TAPB),lumbar quadratus block(QLB)has been gradually applied to the hip joint surgery.In this paper,we review the anatomical basis and characteristics of QLB and its clini-cal application in hip surgery,in order to provide the postoperative analgesia application of QLB.

OBJECTIVE To explore the clinical significance of vestibular function combined with videonystagmography in the diagnosis of primary benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.METHODS The detection rate of patients with primary benign paroxysmal positional vertigo(BPPV)was compared between naked eye examination and videonystagmography,and the abnormal vestibular function of patients with BPPV was detected by cold and hot test.RESULTS The total detection rates of primary benign paroxysmal positional vertigo by videonystagmography and naked eye examination were 91.18%and 67.65%,respectively.There was a significant difference between the two methods(χ2=17.270,P=0.000).There was significant difference between the nystagmus view and naked eye examination in the patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo of anterior and horizontal semicircular canal types(χ2=4.457,11.942,P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the abnormal number of gaze test,saccade test and stationary tracking test among different types of BPPV patients(P>0.05).Cold and heat tests showed that 68 patients(66.67%)with abnormal BPPV and 34(33.33%)with normal BPPV.CONCLUSION Vestibular function combined with nystagmus has certain clinical value in the diagnosis of primary benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.

Objective:To compare the effects of intensive and standard blood pressure control on the outcomes of patients with acute ischemic stroke in the anterior circulation who have successfully recanalized after endovascular therapy (EVT).Methods:A multicenter, open-label, blinded-endpoint, randomized controlled design was used. Patients with anterior circulation stroke received EVT and successfully recanalized in Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University and several branch hospitals from July 2020 to October 2022 were prospectively included. They were randomly divided into the intensive blood pressure control group (target systolic blood pressure [SBP] 100-120 mmHg) or the standard blood pressure control group (target SBP 121-140 mmHg). The blood pressure of both groups needs to achieve the target within 1 h and maintain for 72 h. The primary outcome endpoint was outcome at 90 d, and the good outcome was defined as a score of 0-2 on the modified Rankin Scale. Secondary outcome endpoints included early neurological improvement, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) within 24 h, and death and serious adverse events within 90 d.Results:A total of 120 patients were included, including 63 in the intensive blood pressure control group and 57 in the standard blood pressure control group. There was no statistically significant difference in baseline characteristics between the two groups. The SBP at 72 h after procedure was 122.7±8.1 mmHg in the intensive blood pressure control group and 130.2±7.4 mmHg in the standard blood pressure control group, respectively. There were no significantly differences in the good outcome rate (54.0% vs. 54.4%; χ2=0.002, P=0.963), the early neurological improvement rate (45.2% vs. 34.5%; χ2=1.367, P=0.242), the incidence of sICH (6.3% vs. 3.5%; P=0.682), mortality (7.9% vs. 14.0%; χ2=1.152, P=0.283) and the incidence of serious adverse events (12.7% vs. 15.8%; χ2=0.235, P=0.628) at 90 d between the intensive blood pressure control group and the standard blood pressure control group. Conclusion:In patients with anterior circulation stroke and successful revascularization of EVT, early intensive blood pressure control don’t improve clinical outcomes and reduce the incidence of sICH.

Objective:Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal(ECCO 2R) is a technique that aims to decarboxylate the blood and thus to correct hypercapnia and respiratory acidosis in acute respiratory failure, but is rarely used in children.We successfully completed the ECCO 2R treatment for a pediatric case with adenovirus pneumonia, severe acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) and hypercapnia in PICU, which provided clinical references for the use of ECCO 2R in acute respiratory failure for children. Methods:A patient with adenovirus pneumonia and severe ARDS was successfully treated with ECCO 2R-continuous renal replacement therapy(CRRT)combined system after weaning from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO). We reported the treatment process, ECCO 2R treatment effect and side effects, so as to provide clinical reference for ECCO 2R treatment of children with ARDS. Results:One-year and four-month-old boy was treated with mechanical ventilation and venous-arterial ECMO due to adenovirus pneumonia and severe ARDS.After ECMO treatment for 25 days, he developed severe hypercapnia after weaning from ECMO.ECCO 2R was initiated.The pH value increased by 11.2%(from 7.222 to 7.303) 1 hour after ECCO 2R treatment, partial pressure of blood carbon dioxide(PCO 2)decreased by 29.1%(from 72.6 mmHg to 51.5 mmHg, 1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) and the average airway pressure of high-frequency ventilation decreased by 5 cmH 2O(from 20 cmH 2O to 15 cmH 2O, 1 cmH 2O=0.098 kPa) after 6 hours of ECCO 2R.The CO 2 removal rate of ECCO 2R system was 29.1 mL/min.It was stopped because of ECCO 2R-membrane clotting after 72 h. There was no increase of PCO 2.Extubation was successfully after undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation for 39 days and with noninvasive ventilation for 5 days.The boy was hospitalized in PICU for 54 days, improved and discharged from the hospital.Followed up for 2 years after discharge, the growth and development were good, but the strenuous exercise endurance was still poor. Conclusion:ECCO 2R is effective in improving gas exchange, reducing PCO 2 and lowering ventilator pressure in children with ARDS and hypercapnia, which allow more protective ventilation.ECCO 2R provide transitional treatment for ECMO weaning and provide meaningful clinical reference for the use of ECCO 2R as part of respiratory support in children with respiratory failure.

Objective: To compare the hyoid bone position among patients with different sagittal skeletal malocclusions to provide a reference for clinicians to formulate treatment plans. Methods: Lateral cephalograms of 284 orthodontic patients were selected. According to ANB angles, the types of skeletal malocclusion of patients were determined as follows: Class Ⅰ (1° ≤ ANB ≤ 5°), Class Ⅱ (ANB>5°) and Class Ⅲ (ANB<1°). Ten parameters were used to determine hyoid positions. After comparing the hyoid positions of the three groups, stratified analyses based on sex and age were conducted. Results : No significant differences in demographic and vertical facial type features among skeletal Classes Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ patients were observed (P>0.05). The angle between the Gonion-hyoid point line and the hyoid point-Menton line (Go-Hy-Me) of Class Ⅱ patients was significantly smaller than that of Class Ⅰ patients, and the angle between the most anterior and inferior point of the third cervical vertebra-hyoid point line and the hyoid point-Sella line (C3-Hy-S) of Class Ⅲ patients was smaller than that of Class I patients (P<0.05). Age-stratified analysis showed that in the juvenile group, the C3-Hy-S of Class Ⅲ patients was significantly smaller than that of Class Ⅰ patients in males and females (P<0.05). In the adult female group, the Go-Hy-Me of Class Ⅱ patients was significantly smaller, and the distance from the hyoid point to the mandibular plane (Hy-MP) was larger than that noted in Class Ⅰ patients (P<0.05); no significant difference in hyoid position between male Class Ⅱ and I patients was observed (P>0.05). Conclusions Compared with Class Ⅰ patients, the hyoid bone of Class Ⅱ patients in adult females was farther away from the mandible and that of Class Ⅲ patients in juveniles was farther away from the cervical vertebra and posterior cranial base.

Objective:To explore the arsenic trioxide (As 2O 3)-induced apoptosis of human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y cells) and the protection mechanisms of folic acid (FA) and vitamin B 12 (VB 12). Methods:SH-SY5Y cells were cultured in vitro and divided into six groups by group design: control group (normal cultured), arsenic exposed group (10.00 μmol/L As 2O 3), FA intervention group (0.30 mmol/L FA + 10.00 μmol/L As 2O 3), VB 12 intervention group (0.06 mmol/L VB 12 + 10.00 μmol/L As 2O 3), combined intervention group (0.30 mmol/L FA + 0.06 mmol/L VB 12 + 10.00 μmol/L As 2O 3) and reagent control group (0.30 mmol/L FA + 0.06 mmol/L VB 12). Cells in each group were cultured for 24 h ( n = 3). Flow cytometry was used to determine the apoptosis rate of cells in each group. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the ultrastructural changes of the cells. The expression levels of mRNA and protein of apoptosis-related indicator B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2 associated X (Bax) were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blotting. The activity of cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase (Caspase) 3 was detected by luminescent assay. The above indicators were statistically analyzed. Results:There was statistically significant difference in the apoptosis rate among different groups ( F = 213.036, P < 0.05). The apoptosis rate in arsenic exposed group [(44.43 ± 3.54)%] was higher than that in control, FA intervention, VB 12 intervention, and combined intervention groups [(1.80 ± 0.06)%, (14.37 ± 0.13)%, (19.10 ± 1.56)%, (17.11 ± 2.34)%, P < 0.05]. Under transmission electron microscope, the apoptotic bodies, mitochondria swelling and degeneration, chromatin agglutination were observed in SH-SY5Y cells exposed to arsenic. The morphological and organelle changes of SH-SY5Y cells were significantly improved after respective and combined intervention of FA and VB 12. The expression levels of Bcl-2, Bax mRNA and protein were significantly different among different groups ( F = 5.178, 7.169, 6.142, 9.194, P < 0.05). The expression level of Bcl-2 protein in arsenic exposed group was lower than that in control group ( P < 0.05), and the expression levels of Bax mRNA and protein were higher than those in control group ( P < 0.05). The expression levels of Bcl-2 mRNA and protein in FA intervention group and combined intervention group were higher than those in arsenic exposed group ( P < 0.05), and Bcl-2 mRNA expression level in VB 12 intervention group was higher than that in arsenic exposed group ( P < 0.05). The expression levels of Bax mRNA and protein in FA intervention, VB 12 intervention and combined intervention groups were lower than those in arsenic exposed group ( P < 0.05). There were statistically significant differences in Caspase 3 activity among different groups ( F = 84.604, P < 0.05). Caspase 3 activity in arsenic exposed group was significantly higher than those in control, FA intervention, VB 12 intervention, and combined intervention groups ( P < 0.05). Conclusions:Arsenic exposure can lead to apoptosis and ultrastructural changes of SH-SY5Y cells. FA and VB 12 may effectively inhibit apoptosis through regulating Bcl-2/Bax pathway and decrease Caspase 3 activity, thus playing a protective role on nerve cells.

Objective:To explore the effect of fluoride exposure on the gene expression of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B/endothelial nitric oxide synthase (PI3K/Akt/eNOS) in rat aortic tissue, and to provide a theoretical basis for studying the mechanism of cardiovascular injury caused by endemic fluorosis.Methods:A total of 40 male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups (10 rats in each group) via the random number table method according to body weight (80 - 100 g), namely control group (drinking distilled water), low-dose, medium-dose and high-dose groups [drinking distilled water containing 50, 100 and 150 mg/L sodium fluoride (NaF), respectively]. The rats were free to drink and eat. After feeding for 90 days, rats were sacrificed and the aortic tissue was taken. Three aortic tissue samples from the control group and the high-dose group were taken for mRNA sequencing, the differential genes were screened, and the differential genes were analyzed by GO function enrichment analysis and KEGG function enrichment analysis. At the same time, the mRNA expression levels of PI3K, Akt and eNOS in the aortic tissue of rats in each group were determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.Results:Compared with control group, there were 756 differential genes in high-dose group, including 654 up-regulated genes and 102 down-regulated genes. These differential genes were mainly related to biological processes such as muscle contraction, muscle regulation, muscle tissue development, striated muscle cell development, muscle cell differentiation, blood circulation regulation and striated muscle tissue development. They were mainly enriched in cyclic guanosine phosphate (cGMP-PKG) signaling pathway, relaxin signaling pathway and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, etc. Compared with control group, the mRNA expression levels of PI3K and eNOS in aortic tissue of rats in low-dose, medium-dose and high-dose groups were significantly reduced ( P < 0.05); the mRNA expression level of Akt in low-dose group was significantly increased ( P < 0.05). Conclusion:Fluoride exposure has certain effects on the function and gene expression of rat aortic tissue, and PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway may play an important role in the process of fluoride induced aortic tissue injury in rats.

The decrease of corneal stiffness is the key factor leading to keratoconus, and the corneal collagen fiber stiffness and fiber dispersion are closely related to the corneal biomechanical properties. In this paper, a finite element model of human cornea based on corneal microstructure, namely collagen fiber, was established before and after laser assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). By simulating the Corvis ST process and comparing with the actual clinical results, the hyperelastic constitutive parameters and corneal collagen fiber stiffness modulus of the corneal material were determined before and after refractive surgery. After LASIK, the corneal collagen fiber stiffness modulus increased significantly, and was highly correlated with central corneal thickness (CCT). The predictive relationship between the corneal collagen fiber stiffness modulus and the corresponding CCT before and after surgery was: = exp(9.14 - 0.009CCT ), = exp(8.82 - 0.008CCT ). According to the results of this study, the central corneal thickness of the patient can be used to estimate the preoperative and postoperative collagen fiber stiffness modulus, and then a personalized corneal model that is more consistent with the actual situation of the patient can be established, providing a theoretical reference for more accurately predicting the safe surgical cutting amount of the cornea.
Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cornea ; Corneal Topography ; Finite Element Analysis ; Humans ; Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ ; Myopia