Thrombosis is a key factor that increases the mortality rate of COVID-19 patients and causes long COVID sequelae. Guanxinning Tablet (GXNT), which is composed of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Ligusticum Chuanxiong, has significant antithrombotic activity, but the similarities and differences between its anti-conventional thrombus and microthrombus induced by COVID-19 remain unclear. In this paper, the main active components, potential targets and mechanisms of GXNT in the treatment of thrombus and microthrombus caused by COVID-19 were preliminarily revealed by using anti-platelet experiments in vitro, network pharmacology analysis, molecular docking technology and molecular biology experiments. The results of platelet aggregation and adhesion experiments in vitro showed that GXNT had significant anti-platelet aggregation and adhesion activities in a dose-dependent manner. Using network pharmacology analysis, it was revealed that salvianolic acid B, tanshinone IIA, caffeic acid and ligustrazine in GXNT could resist thrombus and microthrombus caused by COVID-19 through key targets as the high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin 6 (IL6) and AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1). HMGB1 signaling pathway is one of its key common mechanisms. Western blot also indicated that GXNT significantly inhibited the expression of HMGB1 protein in platelets. In summary, this paper explores the similarities and differences between the mechanism of GXNT against conventional thrombus and microthrombus caused by COVID-19 and provides drug reference and theoretical basis for clinical prevention and treatment of long COVID sequelae. The animal experiment has been approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (No. TCM-LAEC2023187g1549).

Objective A finite element simulation analysis of a bracketless orthodontic appliance was carried out to determine the correction amount under different working conditions.A design scheme for the bracketless orthodontic appliance was also formulated to create an orthodontic appliance formed by the fused deposition process with a personalized orthodontic effect.Methods Combined with the computed tomography data of the patient,a tooth model was reversely reconstructed.The correction amount of the tooth under tilting,twisting,and translation working conditions was established using the finite element method.Materials with different elastic moduli were chosen to make three-dimensional(3D)shaped bracketless orthodonitc appliance,and the orthodontic force was measured.Results Different correction amounts could be designed according to different working conditions so that the orthodontic appliance had a personalized treatment effect.The orthodontic force of the bracketless orthodontic appliance increased with elastic modulus and thickness.Under the given working conditions,the orthodontic force was minimal(90 mN)when the orthodontic material was at the minimum(90 mN).The orthodontic force reached its maximum value when the orthodontic material was at the maximum(61.66 N).Conclusions According to the patient's tooth condition and the size of the orthodontic force required for each step of correction in the whole correction process,the design should consider bracketless orthodontics with different elastic moduli and thicknesses to treat deformed teeth to realize the effect of staged orthodontic correction.

Objective To investigate the effect of continuous intraoperative insulin infusion on my-ocardial blood perfusion after cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB).Methods Forty-eight patients,21 males and 27 females,aged 55-80 years,BMI 18-28 kg/m2,ASA physical status Ⅱ-Ⅳ,who underwent elective cardiac surgery with CPB were selected and randomly divided into two groups:the insulin group(group I,n = 25)and the control group(group C,n = 23).The same anesthesia protocol was implemented in both groups.After induction of anesthesia,group Ⅰ received intravenously infusion of in-sulin 30 mU·kg-1·h-1,glucose 0.12 g·kg-1·h-1,and potassium chloride 0.06 mmol·kg-1·h-1,and group C received saline 10 ml/h,all of which were infused until the end of surgery.The targeted blood glucose range for both groups was set at 6.1-11.1 mmol/L.Transesophageal echocardiography(TEE)was performed 10 minutes after induction of general anesthesia(T2)and before the end of surgery(T6)to ex-amine the coronary sinus(CS)flow spectrum and diameter,pulmonary venous flow spectrum,and calculate CS net antegrade flow velocity time integral(VTI).Femoral mean arterial pressure(MAP),central venous pressure(CVP),stroke volume(SV),cardiac index(CI)and peripheral vascular resistance index(SVRI)were recorded at T2,2 minutes before CPB(T3),the end of CPB(T5),and T6.The concentra-tions of blood glucose and lactate 5 minutes before anesthesia induction(T1),T3,30 minutes after CPB(T4),T5,T6,6 hours after surgery(T7),12 hours after surgery(T8),and 24 hours after surgery(T9)were recorded.The levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),high-sensitivity troponin I(hs-TnI),and creatine kinase isoenzyme(CK-MB)were recorded 1 day preoperatively,1 and 2 days post-operatively.Results Compared with group C,in group I,CS net antegrade flow VTI and blood flow per minute were significantly increased(P<0.05),and pulmonary venous peak atrial reversal wave velocity(ARp)was significantly reduced at T6(P<0.05),SV and CI were significantly increased and SVRI was significantly decreased at T5 and T6(P<0.05),lactate concentration was significantly decreased at T7 and T8(P<0.05),hs-CRP and CKMB were significantly decreased 1 and 2 days postoperatively(P<0.05),hs-TnI was significantly reduced 2 days postoperatively(P<0.05).Conclusion Continuous insulin admin-istration during cardiac surgery with CPB while maintaining blood glucose at 6.1-11.1 mmol/L can enhance myocardial blood perfusion,mitigate postoperative inflammatory response,and reduce myocardial injury.

Objective To explore the protective mechanism of icariin on neuronal oxidative damage,providing a basic pharmacological basis for the treatment of cognitive impairment.Methods Glutamate was used to induce oxidative stress injury in HT22 cells.HT22 cells were divided into control group(normal cultured cells),model group(glutamate injury model)and experimental-L,-M,-H groups(5,10 and 20 μmol·L-1 icariin pretreatment for modeling,respectively).Cell proliferation was detected by cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)method;cytotoxicity was detected by lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)method;reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels were detected by flow cytometry;superoxide dismutase(SOD)levels were detected by biochemical kits;the expression levels of Kelch-like epichlorohydrin-related protein-1(Keap1),nuclear factor E2-related factor 2(Nrf2)were detected by Western blotting;the corresponding mRNA expression was detected by real-time fluorescence quantification polymerose chain reaction.Results The cell viability of control group,model group and experimental-L,-M,-H groups were(100.00±1.31)％,(66.38±2.44)％,(72.07±4.95)％,(82.41±3.57)％and(87.97±4.98)％;LDH release were(0.48±0.52)％,(18.82±2.09)％,(15.32±1.17)％,(10.37±1.39)％and(6.51±0.87)％;ROS level were(14.23±1.13)％,(41.74±1.60)％,(35.69±1.08)％,(33.28±1.69)％and(30.32±2.03)％;SOD levels were(54.84±1.17),(37.95±1.13),(48.02±1.28),(50.56±1.34)and(52.55±1.04)U·mg-1;Keap1 protein levels were 0.36±0.01,0.52±0.03,0.46±0.04,0.39±0.09 and 0.35±0.12;Nrf2 protein levels were 0.29±0.02,0.13±0.08,0.18±0.03,0.21±0.11 and 0.26±0.04;catalase(CAT)mRNA levels were 1.01±0.08,0.81±0.06,0.90±0.04,1.05±0.15 and 1.33±0.26;SOD mRNA levels were 1.09±0.12,0.83±0.03,0.86±0.08,0.94±0.08 and 1.09±0.16.Among the above indicators,the differences between the model group and the control group were statistically significant(all P＜0.01);the differences between the experimental-M,-H groups and the model group were statistically significant(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).Conclusion Icariin may activate the Keap1/Nrf2/antioxidant response element(ARE)signaling pathway,regulate the expression of related proteins,and reduce the level of ROS to effectively alleviate oxidative stress injury in neuronal cells.

Objective To study the clinical efficacy of bedside X-ray-free biliary stent drainage(ERBD)in the treatment of elderly patients with acute obstructive septic cholangitis(AOSC).Methods The clinical data of 18 elderly(≥80 years old)AOSC patients who underwent emergency endoscopic ENBD at the Center for Digestive Diseases of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2019 to January 2023 were retrospectively analyzed and divided into the bedside no-X-ray-assisted drainage group(Group A)and the group that underwent subx-ray-assisted drainage in the interventional room(Group B),according to the degree of criticality of the patients'condition and the ability to be discharged from intensive care.The safety and efficacy of the procedure was evaluated by comparing and analyzing the preoperative and postoperative white blood cell counts,inflammatory factors,transaminase,bilirubin and other indexes and the occurrence of postoperative complications in the two groups.Results All 10 AOSC patients treated with emergency bedside X-ray-free ERCP were successfully intubated,and the intubation success rate was 100％.Eight AOSC patients treated with emergency ERCP under X-ray guidance were also successfully intubated.The postoperative infectious indexes of the patients were significantly reduced to normal.1 case of mild pancreatitis occurred in group A(bedside without X-ray-assisted drainage),with a complication rate of 10％(1/10);1 case of mild pancreatitis occurred in group B(X-ray-assisted drainage),with an incidence rate of 12.50％(1/8).Conclusion Bedside X-ray-free ERBD for critically ill patients with AOSC can provide rapid and effective relief.The main purpose of the operation is to rapidly relieve biliary obstruction and smooth drainage of the bile ducts,and to shorten the operation time as much as possible to minimize the occurrence of complications.

Objective lo investigate the predictive value of serum growth differentiation factor 11(GDF-11)and calprotectin A4(S100A4)for contrast-induced nephropathy(CIN)after coronary angiography(CAG).Methods A total of 528 patients who underwent CAG in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao-tong University from December 2020 to November 2023 were selected as the research objects.According to whether the patients had CIN,they were divided into non-nephropathy group(472 cases)and nephropathy group(56 cases).Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect serum levels of GDF-11 and S100A4.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of CIN after CAG.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of serum GDF-11 and S100A4 for CIN after CAG.Results The serum levels of GDF-11 and S100A4 in nephropathy group were higher than those in non-nephropathy group(P＜0.05).The contrast agent dose and postoperative ser-um creatinine level in the nephropathy group were higher than those in the non-nephropathy group(P＜0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that contrast agent dose ≥131.84 mL(OR=2.158,95％CI 1.284-3.627),postoperative serum creatinine ≥ 87.57 μmol/L(OR=2.445,95％CI 1.533-3.898),GDF-1 1 ≥4 50.84 ng/mL(OR=2.445,95％CI 1.533-3.898)were the influencing factors of CIN af-ter CAG(P＜0.05).The area under the curve(95％CI)of serum GDF-11 and S100A4 for predicting CIN af-ter CAG was 0.861(95％CI 0.810-0.912)and 0.798(95％CI 0.747-0.849),respectively.The optimal cut-off values were 450.84 ng/mL and 86.98 μg/mL,the specificity were 65.89％and 57.62％,and the sensi-tivity were 94.74％and 94.74％,respectively.The area under the curve of the combination of the two was 0.906(95％CI 0.856-0.957),the specificity was 87.09％,and the sensitivity was 84.26％.Conclusion The elevated levels of serum GDF-11 and S100A4 are closely related to the occurrence of CIN in patients after CAG surgery,which can be used as biological indicators to evaluate the occurrence of CIN in patients after CAG surgery,and the combined prediction efficiency of GDF-11 and S100A4 is higher.

Hallux valgus is a common disorder of the forefeet,and its diagnosis and treatment have always drawn the attention of the practitioners.This article introduced the minimally-invasive diagnosis and treatment system for hallux valgus of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine,which was established by Professor WEN Jian-Min after more than 40 years of in-depth clinical practice and research based on the theory of yin-yang balance and theory of tendons and bones in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and through the combination of modern surgical experience.The minimally-invasive diagnosis and treatment system for hallux valgus embodies the principles of balancing yin and yang,laying equal stress on tendons and bones,unifying the fixation and functional exercises,and treating the fractures and the whole body simultaneously,and includes the key technologies such as minimally-invasive osteotomy for the first metatarsal bone,curtain-wrapped external fixation,perioperative Chinese medicine therapy based on syndrome differentiation,and rehabilitation and nursing of TCM.The system will provide a systematic guide for the standardized minimally-invasive treatment of hallux valgus,and will supply an important approach to the treatment of other orthopedic diseases with integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine.The minimally-invasive diagnosis and treatment system for hallux valgus reflects the scientific research achievements and clinical experience of Professor WEN Jian-Min,which exerts high significance of reference and application value.

Objective To systematically evaluate the germplasm resources of Polygonatum odoratum(Mill.)Druce from the main producing areas in China.Methods A total of 35 tubers of Polygonatum odoratum from the main producing areas of China were collected to detect the water content,and the contents of nutrients including crude ash and crude fat,etc.and two medicinal components(polysaccharides and total flavonoids),and then the germplasm resources of Polygonatum odoratum were comprehensively evaluated by the coefficient of variation,correlation analysis and cluster analysis.Results In different Polygonatum odoratum tuber resources,the water content was 64.43%-83.78%,crude ash content was 1.03%-6.43%,lignin content was 2.83%-18.38%,cellulose content was 1.88%-4.73%,crude fat content was 2.85%-5.16%,crude protein content was 47.12-184.20 g/kg,the contents of polysaccharide and total flavonoids were 33.85-155.79 mg/g and 0.49-1.78 mg/g,respectively.Among them,the coefficients of variation for polysaccharide,crude ash,lignin,crude protein and total flavonoids were 0.45,0.42,0.38,0.31 and 0.30,respectively,showing large variations.There was a significant positive correlation between water content and contents of polysaccharide as well as various ingredient indexes in Polygonatum odoratum.The Polygonatum odoratum germplasm from different producing areas were mainly clustered into two types as follows:the first type was mainly from Guangdong and Hunan producing areas,the total flavonoids content being commonly higher,and the polysaccharide content of Polygonatum odoratum belongs to the second type in other producing areas was commonly higher.Four breeding materials with high content of medicinal ingredients were screened out by combining above indexes.Conclusion The high-quality germplasm was screened out through analyzing main nutrients and medicinal ingredients of Polygonatum odoratum tubers from different producing areas,contributing to providing data and material support for the evaluation of Polygonatum odoratum germplasm resources and strain breeding.

Objective:To investigate the construction and empirical study of the risk predic-tion model of postoperative complications in patients with acute cholecystitis undergoing laparo-scopic cholecystectomy(LC).Method:The clinical data of 101 patients with acute cholecystitis treated by LC from January 2021 to January 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.According to the occurrence of postoperative complications(the following symptoms occurred within 30 days after surgery,such as abdominal hemorrhage,bile leakage,biliary tract injury and wound infection),pa-tients were divided into complication group(26 cases)and non-complication group(75 cases).Uni-variate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression were used to analyze the affecting factors of complications after LC in patients with acute cholecystitis,and the risk prediction model was con-structed,and the predictive value of the model was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC curve).Result:Univariate analysis showed that gender,BMI,cirrhosis,gallstone,gall-bladder atrophy and CCI grade were not correlated with postoperative complications in patients with acute cholecystitis after LC treatment(P＞0.05).Age,gallbladder wall thickness,triangular ana-tomic variation,ASA-PS grade,TG13/TG18 grade were associated with postoperative complica-tions of LC in patients with acute cholecystitis(P＜0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age＞70 years old,gallbladder wall thickness ≥5mm,triangular anatomical variation,ASA-PS grade Ⅲ～Ⅵ,TG13/TG18 grade Ⅲ were all independent risk factors for postoperative complications(P＜0.05).ROC analysis showed that the AUC of the risk prediction model constructed based on the above five indicators was 0.836,and the sensitivity and specificity were 80.8％and 82.7％,which were all higher than the single indicators in the model,and the degree of fit of the risk prediction model was good(Hosmer-Lemeshow x2=0.998,P=0.986).Conclusion:Age＞70 years old,gallbladder wall thickness ≥5mm,triangular anatomic variation,ASA-PS grade Ⅲ～Ⅵand TG13/TG18 grade Ⅲ were independent risk factors for postoperative complications in patients with acute cholecystitis undergoing LC treatment.The risk prediction model constructed based on the above five indicators has high predictive value for postoperative complications in patients with acute cholecystitis undergoing LC treatment.

Objective To investigate the effect of programmed cell death receptor 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) signal pathway associated protein on the short-term clinical prognosis in patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) sepsis. Methods A total of 122 patients with PA sepsis in the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from January 2021 to June 2023 were selected as the research objects, and all the patients were treated according to the therapeutic guideline of sepsis and the actual condition of disease. Clinical data and the score of the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) were collected; the levels of T lymphocytes (CD3⁺, CD4⁺ and CD8⁺) and the levels of serum PD-1 and PD-L1 in peripheral venous blood were determined before treatment. Results Of the 122 PA sepsis patients, 101 cases (82.79%, survival group) survived for 28 days after being admitted to the Emergency Intensive Care Unit or other departments, while 21 cases (17.21%, death group) died. There were significant differences in the ratios of hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic liver disease, the APACHE Ⅱ scores, and levels of CD4⁺, CD4⁺/CD8⁺, PD-1 and PDL-1 between the survival group and the death group (P < 0.05). Univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that basic diseases (hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic liver disease), the APACHE Ⅱ score, CD4⁺/CD8⁺, PD-1 and PD-L1 were all factors influencing the short-term survival of PA sepsis patients (P < 0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that basic diseases (hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic liver disease), the APACHE Ⅱ score, PD-1 and PD-L1 were all significant factors affecting the short-term survival of PA sepsis patients (P < 0.01). Conclusion The PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway has an impact on the clinical prognosis of PA sepsis patients, and up-regulation of this pathway expression can increase the risk of adverse short-term clinical prognosis in PA sepsis patients.