Objective: Huntington’s disease (HD) is characterized by motor, cognitive, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Oculomotor impairments and gait variability have been independently considered as potential markers in HD. However, an integrated analysis of eye movement and gait is lacking. We performed multiple examinations of eye movement and gait variability in HTT mutation carriers, analyzed the consistency between these parameters and clinical severity, and then examined the associations between oculomotor impairments and gait deficits. Methods: We included 7 patients with pre-HD, 30 patients with HD and 30 age-matched controls. We collected demographic data and assessed the Unified Huntington’s Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS) score. Examinations, including saccades, smooth pursuit tests, and optokinetic (OPK) tests, were performed to evaluate eye movement function. The parameters of gait include stride length, walking velocity, step deviation, step length, and gait phase. Results: HD patients have significant impairments in the latency and velocity of saccades, the gain of smooth pursuit, and the gain and slow phase velocities of OPK tests. Only the speed of saccades significantly differed between pre-HD patients and controls. There are significant impairments in stride length, walking velocity, step length, and gait phase in HD patients. The parameters of eye movement and gait variability in HD patients were consistent with the UHDRS scores. There were significant correlations between eye movement and gait parameters. Conclusion Our results show that eye movement and gait are impaired in HD patients and that the speed of saccades is impaired early in pre-HD. Eye movement and gait abnormalities in HD patients are significantly correlated with clinical disease severity.

Objective: Huntington’s disease (HD) is characterized by motor, cognitive, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Oculomotor impairments and gait variability have been independently considered as potential markers in HD. However, an integrated analysis of eye movement and gait is lacking. We performed multiple examinations of eye movement and gait variability in HTT mutation carriers, analyzed the consistency between these parameters and clinical severity, and then examined the associations between oculomotor impairments and gait deficits. Methods: We included 7 patients with pre-HD, 30 patients with HD and 30 age-matched controls. We collected demographic data and assessed the Unified Huntington’s Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS) score. Examinations, including saccades, smooth pursuit tests, and optokinetic (OPK) tests, were performed to evaluate eye movement function. The parameters of gait include stride length, walking velocity, step deviation, step length, and gait phase. Results: HD patients have significant impairments in the latency and velocity of saccades, the gain of smooth pursuit, and the gain and slow phase velocities of OPK tests. Only the speed of saccades significantly differed between pre-HD patients and controls. There are significant impairments in stride length, walking velocity, step length, and gait phase in HD patients. The parameters of eye movement and gait variability in HD patients were consistent with the UHDRS scores. There were significant correlations between eye movement and gait parameters. Conclusion Our results show that eye movement and gait are impaired in HD patients and that the speed of saccades is impaired early in pre-HD. Eye movement and gait abnormalities in HD patients are significantly correlated with clinical disease severity.

Objective: Huntington’s disease (HD) is characterized by motor, cognitive, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Oculomotor impairments and gait variability have been independently considered as potential markers in HD. However, an integrated analysis of eye movement and gait is lacking. We performed multiple examinations of eye movement and gait variability in HTT mutation carriers, analyzed the consistency between these parameters and clinical severity, and then examined the associations between oculomotor impairments and gait deficits. Methods: We included 7 patients with pre-HD, 30 patients with HD and 30 age-matched controls. We collected demographic data and assessed the Unified Huntington’s Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS) score. Examinations, including saccades, smooth pursuit tests, and optokinetic (OPK) tests, were performed to evaluate eye movement function. The parameters of gait include stride length, walking velocity, step deviation, step length, and gait phase. Results: HD patients have significant impairments in the latency and velocity of saccades, the gain of smooth pursuit, and the gain and slow phase velocities of OPK tests. Only the speed of saccades significantly differed between pre-HD patients and controls. There are significant impairments in stride length, walking velocity, step length, and gait phase in HD patients. The parameters of eye movement and gait variability in HD patients were consistent with the UHDRS scores. There were significant correlations between eye movement and gait parameters. Conclusion Our results show that eye movement and gait are impaired in HD patients and that the speed of saccades is impaired early in pre-HD. Eye movement and gait abnormalities in HD patients are significantly correlated with clinical disease severity.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between relative grip strength and hyperuricemia (HUA) levels in university freshmen, and to explore the potential value of muscle function indicators in HUA prevention among young populations, so as to provide new scientific evidences for HUA control in the demographic. Methods: Utilizing health examination data from 1 744 freshmen enrolled in a Shaanxi Province university in September 2024, absolute grip strength was measured using CAMRY electronic dynamometers, with relative grip strength subsequently calculated. Spearman correlation analysis was employed to examine relationships between student characteristics and relative grip strength, and binary Logistic regression models assessed the association strength between relative grip strength and HUA. Results: The overall HUA detection rate among freshmen was 29.8%, with significant gender differences (male:43.1%; female:24.0%; χ 2=64.62, P <0.01). Correlation analysis revealed significant associations between relative grip strength, body weight, height, body mass index (BMI) and HUA in both genders (boys: r =-0.27, 0.54, 0.11 , 0.53; girls: r =-0.18, 0.33, 0.08, 0.33, all P <0.05). Binary Logistic regression demonstrated that each standard deviation increase in relative grip strength reduced HUA risk by 77% in males ( OR=0.23, 95%CI =0.14-0.37) and 80% in females ( OR=0.20, 95%CI =0.11-0.36) (both P <0.01). Conclusions Relative grip strength represents a significant factor associated with HUA in university students. Incorporating muscle strength training into HUA prevention programs and establishing muscle function based HUA risk warning systems should be considered.

Jiegeng decoction is a classic prescription composed of two Chinese medicinal herbs： Platycodon grandiflorum and Glycyrrhiza uralensis. It has the efficacy of diffusing lung qi， resolving phlegm， relieving sore throat and discharging pus， and is commonly used in the treatment of respiratory diseases such as cough and pharyngodynia. This article reviews the chemical components， pharmacological mechanisms and clinical applications of Jiegeng decoction. It was found that Jiegeng decoction contains triterpenoid saponins， flavonoids， glycosides， acids， and other components， with platycodin D， platycodin D2， glycyrrhizic acid， glycyrrhetinic acid， liquiritin， etc.， serving as the main active pharmaceutical ingredients. Jiegeng decoction and its chemical constituents exert anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting signaling pathways such as nuclear factor-κB and mitogen- activated protein kinases， and demonstrate anti-tumor activities through mechanisms like modulating the tumor immune microenvironment and promoting cancer cell apoptosis. Additionally， it exhibits various pharmacological actions including antibacterial， antiviral， and antioxidant effects. Clinically， Jiegeng decoction， its modified prescription and compound combinations are widely used in the treatment of respiratory diseases such as cough， pneumonia， and pharyngitis， as well as digestive system disorders like constipation.

Ulcerative colitis （UC）， a chronic， non-specific inflammatory bowel disease with typical symptoms such as abdominal pain， diarrhea， and bloody stools， demonstrates a high relapse rate and difficulty in curing. Sishenwan， first recorded in Internal Medicine Abstract （Nei Ke Zhai Yao）， are a classic prescription for treating diarrhea caused by deficiency of the spleen and kidney Yang. The core therapeutic principle of Sishenwan is warming and tonifying the spleen and kidney， and astringing the intestine and stopping diarrhea. In recent years， Sishenwan have demonstrated distinct advantages in the clinical treatment of UC. The pathogenesis of UC involves multiple factors， including immune dysregulation and gut microbiota imbalance. Although Western medicine is effective in the short term， its side effects， high relapse rate， and resistance associated with long-term use pose substantial challenges. Sishenwan have shown excellent clinical outcomes in the treatment of UC due to deficiency of the spleen and kidney Yang. Modern clinical studies indicate that Sishenwan， used alone or in combination with Western medicine or other Chinese medicine compound prescriptions， significantly improve the clinical efficacy in treating UC due to deficiency of the spleen and kidney Yang. Sishenwan effectively alleviate core symptoms such as mucus， pus， and blood in stools， and persistent abdominal pain， reduce Mayo scores and the relapse rate， and improve patients' quality of life. Research on the material basis reveals that Sishenwan contain multiple active ingredients such as psoralen， isopsoralen， and evodiamine. Mechanism studies indicate that Sishenwan inhibit the inflammatory cascade reactions by regulating the signal network through multiple targets. Sishenwan regulate cellular immunity and restore intestinal immune homeostasis. At the microecological level， Sishenwan promote the intestinal barrier repair through the "microbiota-metabolism-immunity" axis. The current research still needs to be deepened in aspects such as the mining of specific biomarkers for syndromes and the exploration of the collaborative mechanism of traditional Chinese and Western medicine. In the future， a full-chain system covering syndrome differentiation， targeting， and monitoring needs to be constructed for promoting the paradigm transformation of Sishenwan into precision drugs. This review systematically explains the treatment mechanism of Sishenwan regarding the combination of disease and syndrome and its multi-target regulatory characteristics， providing a theoretical basis and transformation direction for the treatment of UC with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine.

Ulcerative colitis （UC）， a chronic， non-specific inflammatory bowel disease with typical symptoms such as abdominal pain， diarrhea， and bloody stools， demonstrates a high relapse rate and difficulty in curing. Sishenwan， first recorded in Internal Medicine Abstract （Nei Ke Zhai Yao）， are a classic prescription for treating diarrhea caused by deficiency of the spleen and kidney Yang. The core therapeutic principle of Sishenwan is warming and tonifying the spleen and kidney， and astringing the intestine and stopping diarrhea. In recent years， Sishenwan have demonstrated distinct advantages in the clinical treatment of UC. The pathogenesis of UC involves multiple factors， including immune dysregulation and gut microbiota imbalance. Although Western medicine is effective in the short term， its side effects， high relapse rate， and resistance associated with long-term use pose substantial challenges. Sishenwan have shown excellent clinical outcomes in the treatment of UC due to deficiency of the spleen and kidney Yang. Modern clinical studies indicate that Sishenwan， used alone or in combination with Western medicine or other Chinese medicine compound prescriptions， significantly improve the clinical efficacy in treating UC due to deficiency of the spleen and kidney Yang. Sishenwan effectively alleviate core symptoms such as mucus， pus， and blood in stools， and persistent abdominal pain， reduce Mayo scores and the relapse rate， and improve patients' quality of life. Research on the material basis reveals that Sishenwan contain multiple active ingredients such as psoralen， isopsoralen， and evodiamine. Mechanism studies indicate that Sishenwan inhibit the inflammatory cascade reactions by regulating the signal network through multiple targets. Sishenwan regulate cellular immunity and restore intestinal immune homeostasis. At the microecological level， Sishenwan promote the intestinal barrier repair through the "microbiota-metabolism-immunity" axis. The current research still needs to be deepened in aspects such as the mining of specific biomarkers for syndromes and the exploration of the collaborative mechanism of traditional Chinese and Western medicine. In the future， a full-chain system covering syndrome differentiation， targeting， and monitoring needs to be constructed for promoting the paradigm transformation of Sishenwan into precision drugs. This review systematically explains the treatment mechanism of Sishenwan regarding the combination of disease and syndrome and its multi-target regulatory characteristics， providing a theoretical basis and transformation direction for the treatment of UC with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine.

Objective Through a multi-software visual analysis of the literature on the influence of T cells on rheumatoid arthritis(RA)in recent ten years,the research hotspot and frontier development in this field were summarized.Methods The Chinese and English literature on the influence of T cells on RA from 2012 to 2022 years was retrieved from CNKI and Web of Science database as the research object.CiteSpace and VOSviewer software were used to analyze the number of publications,authors and keywords.Results 519 articles in Chinese and 861 in English were retrieved.The results showed that the number of articles in Chinese increased slowly from 2020 to 2022 years,while the overall trend in English was stable.Keyword analysis shows that it is predicted that future research in this field will focus on the pathogenesis of T cells in RA,the mechanism of bone destruction in RA,disease activity,oxidative stress.Conclusion The influence of T cells on RA has attracted much attention in the past,present and future,and has great research value.However,due to the differences in research priorities at home and abroad,the teams should interact positively and communicate with each other to reveal the internal mechanism of RA and provide theoretical basis for targeted therapy.

Objective:To assess a value of dual energy index(DEI)and effective atomic number(Zeff)of dual-energy computed tomography(DECT)combined with slope of energy spectrum curve in identifying the component of urinary tract stones.Methods:The clinical and DECT imaging data of 111 patients with urinary tract stones who admitted to Nantong Haimen People's Hospital from October 2019 to October 2022 were selected,and the diameters of the urinary tract stones of all patients were<5 mm.The components of outside body stones of all patients were analyzed by infrared spectrum.The accuracy,sensitivity and specificity of the DEI,Zeff,slope of energy spectrum curve and the combination of the them were respectively calculated in identifying the components of urinary tract stones.Results:In 111 patients,the patients with calcium oxalate stones were 75(67.57%),and ones with hydroxyapatite were 15 cases(13.51%),and ones with uric acid stones were 21 cases(18.92%),and there were no other type of stone included cysteine.The differences of CT values(F=487.691,P<0.001),DEI values(F=395.553,P<0.001),Zeff values(F=818.689,P<0.001)and the slopes of energy spectrum curves(H=19.615,P<0.001)were statistically significant among the three types of stones.The overall accuracies of DEI,Zeff and slope of energy spectrum curve were 87.39%(97/111),84.68%%(94/111)and 81.98%(91/111)in identifying the components of urinary tract stone.The range of diagnostic accuracies of DEI,Zeff and the slope of energy spectrum curve was between 80%and 100%for calcium oxalate stones,hydroxyapatite and uric acid stones.The overall accuracy of DEI,Zeff combined with slope of energy spectrum curve was 94.59%(105/111)in identifying the components of urinary tract stones.The diagnostic accuracies of DEI,Zeff combined with slope of energy spectrum curve were respectively 94.59%,94.59 and 100%for calcium oxalate stones,hydroxyapatite and uric acid stones.Conclusion:Compared with the single indicator of DECT,the DEI and Zeff combined with the slope of the energy spectrum curve showed better diagnostic accuracy in identifying the components urinary track stones.

Uric acid (UA), the final product of human purine metabolism, can cause hyperuricemia (HUA) when excessively accumulated. HUA is closely linked to chronic kidney diseases (CKD) and is considered an independent risk factor. Hyperuricemic nephropathy, a form of CKD induced by HUA, has seen significant advances in understanding through research into the pathogenic roles of uric acid and the development of HUA animal models. Although progress has been made in understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms by which UA induces CKD, much remains to be learned about its pathological molecular mechanisms. New approaches in animal modeling or the selection of model animals may potentially lead to significant breakthroughs in research on hyperuricemia as well as related CKD. This paper reviews the research progress on the molecular mechanisms of hyperuricemic nephropathy, focusing on oxidative stress, inflammation, autophagy, fibrosis, and gut microbiota. Oxidative stress is induced by uric acid intracellularly through xanthine oxidase, NADPH oxidases, and mitochondria, leading to cellular damage. In terms of inflammation, uric acid crystals can activate the NLRP3 inflammasome, triggering an inflammatory cascade. The role of free uric acid as a pro-inflammatory agent, however, remains controversial. Depending on the study conducted, autophagy has been found to either alleviate or exacerbate inflammation induced by uric acid. Fibrosis, particularly through epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), is a major mechanism by which uric acid causes glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Extensive research has explored various signaling pathways involved in uric acid-induced EMT. Beneficial gut microbiota protect the kidneys by synthesizing short-chain fatty acids, reducing urea’s enterohepatic circulation, and decreasing uric acid production. This paper aims to enhance understanding of the complex relationships between HUA and CKD, serving as a reference for further research and new drug development.