Central lung cancer is a common disease in clinic which usually occurs above the segmental bronchus. It is commonly accompanied by bronchial stenosis or obstruction, which can easily lead to atelectasis. Accurately distinguishing lung cancer from atelectasis is important for tumor staging, delineating the radiotherapy target area, and evaluating treatment efficacy. This article reviews domestic and foreign literatures on how to define the boundary between central lung cancer and atelectasis based on multimodal images, aiming to summarize the experiences and propose the prospects.
Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging* ; Pulmonary Atelectasis/complications* ; Bronchi ; Constriction, Pathologic/complications* ; Multimodal Imaging

OBJECTIVES: To study the clinical characteristics of plastic bronchitis (PB) in children and investigate the the risk factors for recurrence of PB. METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of medical data of children with PB who were hospitalized in Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2012 to July 2022. The children were divided into a single occurrence of PB group and a recurrent PB group and the risk factors for recurrence of PB were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 107 children with PB were included, including 61 males (57.0%) and 46 females (43.0%), with a median age of 5.0 years, and 78 cases (72.9%) were over 3 years old. All the children had cough, 96 children (89.7%) had fever, with high fever in 90 children. Seventy-three children (68.2%) had shortness of breath, and 64 children (59.8%) had respiratory failure. Sixty-six children (61.7%) had atelectasis and 52 children (48.6%) had pleural effusion. Forty-seven children (43.9%) had Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, 28 children (26.2%) had adenovirus infection, and 17 children (15.9%) had influenza virus infection. Seventy-one children (66.4%) had a single occurrence of PB, and 36 cases (33.6%) had recurrent occurrence of PB (≥2 times). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that involvement of ≥2 lung lobes (OR=3.376) under bronchoscopy, continued need for invasive ventilation after initial removal of plastic casts (OR=3.275), and concomitant multi-organ dysfunction outside the lungs (OR=2.906) were independent risk factors for recurrent occurrence of PB (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Children with pneumonia accompanied by persistent high fever, shortness of breath, respiratory failure, atelectasis or pleural effusion should be highly suspected with PB. Involvement of ≥2 lung lobes under bronchoscopy, continued need for invasive ventilation after initial removal of plastic casts, and concomitant multi-organ dysfunction outside the lungs may be risk factors for recurrent occurrence of PB.
Female ; Male ; Child ; Humans ; Child, Preschool ; Multiple Organ Failure ; Retrospective Studies ; Bronchitis/etiology* ; Dyspnea ; Pleural Effusion ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; Plastics ; Respiratory Insufficiency

Objective: To explore the characteristics of pulmonary blood flow perfusion imaging of single photo emission computer tomography/computer tomography (SPECT/CT) in chronic pulmonary vascular Stenosis (CPVS) caused by different etiological factors. Methods: This is a retropective study. Present study screened 50 consecutive cases diagnosed with chronic pulmonary vascular stenosis from January 2019 to January 2020 in the department of cardiology of Gansu Provincial Hospital and underwent SPECT/CT pulmonary blood flow perfusion examination. Thirteen patients were excluded because of pulmonary vascular lesions with a disease course of less than 3 months and poor image quality. According to the etiology, patients were divided into fibrosing mediastinitis (FM) group, Takyasu's arteritis (PTA) group, and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension/chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease (CTEPH/CTED) group. The severity of pulmonary blood flow perfusion was evaluated in accordance with the Begic scoring principle in the three groups. The overall Begic score, lung lobe scores among three groups were compared. CT signs of lung SPECT/CT, such as enlargement of hilar lymph node, atelectasis, bronchial stenosis, were also analyzed in three groups. Results: A total of 37 patients with chronic pulmonary vascular stenosis were finally enrolled (18 in the FM group, 5 in the PTA group, and 14 in the CTEPH/CTED group). The total Begic score of pulmonary perfusions was similar among the three groups (F=0.657,P>0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the left upper lobe Begic score among the three groups (H=4.081, P<0.05). The left upper lobe Begic score was higher in the FM group than in the PTA group (3.44±2.50 vs. 1.60±0.55, P<0.05). As compared to other two groups, patients in FM group were featured with CT signs of higher percent of hilar enlargement (FM group vs. PTA group: 16/18 vs. 1/5, P=0.008; FM group vs. CTEPH/CTED group: 16/18 vs. 3/14, P=0.000 2), enlargement of the pulmonary hilum lymph nodes (FM group vs. PTA group: 14/18 vs. 1/5, P=0.033; FM group vs. CTEPH/CTED group: 14/18 vs. 2/14, P=0.001), and calcification of mediastinal soft tissue (FM group vs. PTA group: 11/18 to 0/5, P=0.037; FM group vs. CTEPH/CTED group: 11/18 vs. 1/14, P=0.003). The proportion of CT signs of bronchial stenosis (9/18 vs. 0/14, P=0.002) and atelectasis (9/18 vs. 1/14, P=0.002) was also higher in the FM group than in the CTEPH/CTED group. In case of abnormal pulmonary blood flow perfusion, the diagnostic accuracy of CT signs hilar enlargement, hilar lymph node enlargement, mediastinal soft tissue calcification, bronchial stenosis, and atelectasis for the diagnosis of FM were 81.1%, 83.8%, 78.4%, 75.7%, and 73.0%, respectively. Conclusion: There is no significant difference in the Begic score of SPECT/CT pulmonary blood flow perfusion imagines among the three groups of patients. Impaired pulmonary blood flow perfusion combined with typical CT signs is useful for identifying patients with FM.
Humans ; Constriction, Pathologic/diagnostic imaging* ; Perfusion ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; Mediastinitis ; Calcinosis ; Lung/diagnostic imaging* ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective: To explore the characteristics of pulmonary blood flow perfusion imaging of single photo emission computer tomography/computer tomography (SPECT/CT) in chronic pulmonary vascular Stenosis (CPVS) caused by different etiological factors. Methods: This is a retropective study. Present study screened 50 consecutive cases diagnosed with chronic pulmonary vascular stenosis from January 2019 to January 2020 in the department of cardiology of Gansu Provincial Hospital and underwent SPECT/CT pulmonary blood flow perfusion examination. Thirteen patients were excluded because of pulmonary vascular lesions with a disease course of less than 3 months and poor image quality. According to the etiology, patients were divided into fibrosing mediastinitis (FM) group, Takyasu's arteritis (PTA) group, and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension/chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease (CTEPH/CTED) group. The severity of pulmonary blood flow perfusion was evaluated in accordance with the Begic scoring principle in the three groups. The overall Begic score, lung lobe scores among three groups were compared. CT signs of lung SPECT/CT, such as enlargement of hilar lymph node, atelectasis, bronchial stenosis, were also analyzed in three groups. Results: A total of 37 patients with chronic pulmonary vascular stenosis were finally enrolled (18 in the FM group, 5 in the PTA group, and 14 in the CTEPH/CTED group). The total Begic score of pulmonary perfusions was similar among the three groups (F=0.657,P>0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the left upper lobe Begic score among the three groups (H=4.081, P<0.05). The left upper lobe Begic score was higher in the FM group than in the PTA group (3.44±2.50 vs. 1.60±0.55, P<0.05). As compared to other two groups, patients in FM group were featured with CT signs of higher percent of hilar enlargement (FM group vs. PTA group: 16/18 vs. 1/5, P=0.008; FM group vs. CTEPH/CTED group: 16/18 vs. 3/14, P=0.000 2), enlargement of the pulmonary hilum lymph nodes (FM group vs. PTA group: 14/18 vs. 1/5, P=0.033; FM group vs. CTEPH/CTED group: 14/18 vs. 2/14, P=0.001), and calcification of mediastinal soft tissue (FM group vs. PTA group: 11/18 to 0/5, P=0.037; FM group vs. CTEPH/CTED group: 11/18 vs. 1/14, P=0.003). The proportion of CT signs of bronchial stenosis (9/18 vs. 0/14, P=0.002) and atelectasis (9/18 vs. 1/14, P=0.002) was also higher in the FM group than in the CTEPH/CTED group. In case of abnormal pulmonary blood flow perfusion, the diagnostic accuracy of CT signs hilar enlargement, hilar lymph node enlargement, mediastinal soft tissue calcification, bronchial stenosis, and atelectasis for the diagnosis of FM were 81.1%, 83.8%, 78.4%, 75.7%, and 73.0%, respectively. Conclusion: There is no significant difference in the Begic score of SPECT/CT pulmonary blood flow perfusion imagines among the three groups of patients. Impaired pulmonary blood flow perfusion combined with typical CT signs is useful for identifying patients with FM.
Humans ; Constriction, Pathologic/diagnostic imaging* ; Perfusion ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; Mediastinitis ; Calcinosis ; Lung/diagnostic imaging* ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of 30-day unplanned reoperations after thoracic surgery. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of patients with unplanned reoperations within 30 days after thoracic surgery in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from May 2016 to May 2021. Results The 30-day unplanned reoperations showed the incidence of 0.75%(79/10 543),the median hospital stay of 19(12,37) days,and the median hospitalization cost of 109 929.11(80 549.46,173 491.87) yuan.Twenty-two(27.85%) patients received blood transfusion and 26(32.91%) underwent intensive care.The period between May 2016 and May 2017 witnessed the most unplanned reoperations.The main causes of unplanned reoperations after thoracic surgery were bleeding(21.52%),chylothorax(17.72%),pulmonary air leakage(16.46%),atelectasis(13.92%),and gastroesophageal fistula(11.39%).Specifically,the main causes of unplanned reoperations in the patients of non-esophagus/cardia group were bleeding,pulmonary air leakage,atelectasis,and chylothorax,and those in the patients of esophagus/cardia group were gastroesophageal fistula,incision infection and poor healing,bleeding,and chylothorax.Among all the patients with unplanned reoperations,4 patients died,17 improved,and 58 recovered. Conclusions The patients who underwent unplanned reoperations after thoracic surgery had a long hospital stay and high hospitalization costs. Bleeding,chylothorax,pulmonary air leakage,atelectasis,and gastroesophageal fistula were the main reasons for the unplanned reoperations.
Humans ; Reoperation ; Retrospective Studies ; Thoracic Surgery ; Chylothorax/surgery* ; Hemorrhage ; Pulmonary Atelectasis/surgery* ; Postoperative Complications/epidemiology*

BACKGROUND: Computed tomography (CT) three-dimensional reconstruction technology is increasingly used in preoperative planning of patients with ground glass nodule (GGN), but how to accurately locate the nodule and ensure the safe resection edge is still a difficult problem for clinicians. The purpose of this study was to investigate the accuracy, convenience and safety of CT three-dimensional reconstruction combined with intraoperative natural collapse localization in total thoracoscopic segmental pneumonectomy. METHODS: A total of 45 patients with radiographic findings of pulmonary GGN admitted from July 2019 to December 2019 were selected as the study group. All patients received thin-slice CT scan and underwent preoperative three-dimensional reconstruction. After anesthesia, the small thoracic operation opening and the airway of the patients were quickly opened, and the lung was rapidly and naturally collapsed by pressure difference. GGN were positioned according to the natural marker line, and marked with 3-0 prolene line. After specimen removal, the distance between the GGN and the suture mark, the distance between the GGN and the incision margin were measured, and the incision margin was routinely examined. The general clinical data, pathological data and postoperative complications were counted and compared with 45 consecutive patients who were located with hookwire positioning needle in the same period. RESULTS: The average localization time of non-invasive GGN with natural lung collapse during operation was 6.9 min, and the localization accuracy was 90.6%. There were 2 cases of extensive pleural adhesion and 1 case of emphysema. Postoperative pathology was confirmed as lung adenocarcinoma, and the examination of incision margin was negative. No GGNs were scanned again after surgery, and the precise resection rate of lung segment was 100.0%. CONCLUSIONS CT three-dimensional reconstruction combined with GGN localization of natural lung collapse during operation can shorten the time of searching for GGN during operation and guarantee the safety of the incision margin. It is a more economical and convenient localization method and makes pulmonary segment resection more accurate.
Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Lung/surgery* ; Lung Neoplasms/surgery* ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; Retrospective Studies ; Solitary Pulmonary Nodule ; Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

PURPOSE: Injury continues to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality in both developed and developing countries. Globally, it is responsible for approximately 5.8 million deaths per year and 91% of these deaths occur in developing countries. Road traffic collision, suicides and homicides are the leading cause of traumatic deaths. Despite the fact that traumatic chest injury is being responsible for 10% of all trauma-related hospital admissions and 25% of trauma-related deaths across the world including in Ethiopia, only few published studies showed the burden of traumatic chest injury in Ethiopia. So, this study aims at assessing the characteristics and outcome of traumatic chest injury patients visited Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital (TASH) over one year period. METHODS: A single center based retrospective study was done. We collected data from patients' records to assess characteristics and outcome of traumatic chest injury at TASH over one year period. All patients diagnosed with traumatic chest injury and received treatment at the hospital from January 1 to December 31, 2016 regardless of its types and severity levels were included in the study. Patients with incomplete medical records for at least 20% of the study variables and without detailed medical history, or patients died before receiving any health care were excluded from the study. The collected data were cleaned and entered into Epidata version 3.1 and exported to SPSS Version 21.0 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine factors associated with outcome of traumatic chest injury patients. RESULTS: A total of 192 chest injury patients were included in the study and about one-fourth of chest injury victims were died during treatment period in TASH. Road traffic collision (RTC) was the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among traumatic chest injury victims. Age of the victims (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 8.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.51-53.24), time elapsed between the occurrence of traumatic chest injury and admission to health care facilities (AOR 4.6, 95% CI 1.19-18.00), length of stay in hospital (AOR 0.12, 95% CI 0.02-0.58), presence of multiple extra-thoracic injury (AOR 25, 95% CI 4.18-150.02) and development of complications (AOR 23, 95% CI 10-550) were factors associated with death among traumatic chest injury patients in this study. CONCLUSION RTC contributed for a considerable number of traumatic chest injuries in this study. Old age, delay in delivering the victim to health care facilities, length of stay in hospital, and development of atelectasis and pneumonia were associated with death among traumatic chest injury patients. Road safety interventions, establishment of organized pre-hospital services, and early recognition and prompt management of traumatic chest injury related complications are urgently needed to overcome the underlying problems in the study setting.
Accidents, Traffic ; prevention & control ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Ethiopia ; epidemiology ; Female ; Hospitals, Special ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumonia ; etiology ; mortality ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; etiology ; mortality ; Retrospective Studies ; Thoracic Injuries ; complications ; epidemiology ; mortality ; Time Factors ; Transportation of Patients

OBJECTIVE: To study the influencing factors for the clinical effect of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) and atelectasis. METHODS: A total of 75 children with MPP and atelectasis were divided into a good response group with 51 children and a poor response group with 24 children according to the clinical effect of BAL treatment. LASSO logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the factors influencing the clinical effect of BAL treatment. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and restricted cubic spline model analysis were used to evaluate the value of the course of the disease at the time of BAL treatment in predicting the clinical effect of BAL treatment. RESULTS: Compared with the good response group, the poor response group had a significantly lower percentage of lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, a significantly higher proportion of children with atelectasis of two or more lung lobes or stenosis of the bronchial cavity or opening caused by inflammation, and a significantly longer course of the disease at the time of BAL treatment and azithromycin treatment (P<0.05). The LASSO logistic regression analysis showed that a prolonged course of the disease at the time of BAL treatment (OR=1.23), atelectasis of two or more lung lobes (OR=11.99), and stenosis of the bronchial cavity or opening caused by inflammation (OR=5.31) were independent risk factors for poor clinical effect of BAL treatment (P<0.05). The ROC curve analysis showed that the course of disease of ≥11.5 days at the time of BAL treatment suggested a poor clinical effect of BAL treatment, with a sensitivity of 91.7% and a specificity of 54.9%. The restricted cubic spline model analysis showed that there was a non-linear dose-response relationship between the course of disease at the time of BAL treatment and the clinical effect of BAL treatment (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Early BAL treatment may have a good clinical effect in children with MPP and atelectasis. Atelectasis of two or more lung lobes and inflammation-induced stenosis of the bronchial cavity or opening shown under bronchoscope may indicate a poor clinical effect of BAL treatment.
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; Child ; Humans ; Mycoplasma pneumoniae ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma ; Pulmonary Atelectasis

PURPOSE: Our aim for this study was to evaluate early and late complications and outcomes of primary sleeve gastrectomy (PSG) versus conversion sleeve gastrectomy (CSG). METHODS: From February 2013 to December 2016, a total of 180 patients underwent sleeve gastrectomy (150 PSG and 30 CSG). All patients received a metal clipping at the end of the stapling line and a continuous seromuscular suture at the resection margin, for reinforcement. RESULTS: There were no differences in the percentages among males and females or age between the 2 groups, but the body mass index (BMI) of the PSG group was higher at 36.8 ± 4.7 than that of the CSG group (32.4 ± 5.7, P < 0.001). Three early postoperative complications were noted in the PSG group; 1 patient underwent repeat laparoscopic exploration due to pancreatic injury, and 2 other patients developed pulmonary atelectasis. On the contrary, 2 early minor complications were noted in the CSG group. Thirty-eight patients (25.3%) in the PSG group developed 43 late, minor complications, while 9 patients (30.0%) developed 11 late minor and 1 major complication in the CSG group. However, there was no difference in complication rate between PSG and CSG. Percentage excess BMI loss at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery was comparable between the groups. CONCLUSION: PSG and CSG were comparable in terms of postoperative complications and loss of weight. Therefore, CSG could be used for failed primary restrictive bariatric surgery. However, the durability of these outcomes remains unknown.
Bariatric Surgery ; Body Mass Index ; Female ; Gastrectomy ; Humans ; Male ; Postoperative Complications ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; Reoperation ; Sutures

Patients undergoing thoracic surgery show various lesions such as chronic obstructive lung diseases, pleural adhesion, pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, atelectasis, pleural effusion, pulmonary edema, and pneumothorax throughout preoperative, operative, and recovery periods. Therefore, lung ultrasonography has potential for perioperative use in thoracic surgery. Benefits of lung ultrasonography over conventional chest X-ray are convincing. First, ultrasonography has higher sensitivity than X-ray in various lesions. Second, it can be performed at bed side to obtain diagnosis immediately. Third, it does not expose patients to radiologic hazard. If anesthesiologists can obtain necessary skills and perform lung ultrasonography as a routine evaluation process for patients, territory of anesthesia would become broader and patients would obtain more benefit.
Anesthesia ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Lung Diseases, Obstructive ; Lung* ; Pleural Effusion ; Pneumonia ; Pneumothorax ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; Pulmonary Edema ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult ; Thoracic Surgery* ; Thorax ; Ultrasonography*