Surgical treatment is one of the key approaches for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Regular postoperative follow-up is crucial for early detection and timely management of tumor recurrence, metastasis, or second primary tumors. A scientifically sound and reasonable follow-up strategy not only extends patient survival but also significantly improves quality of life, thereby enhancing overall prognosis. This consensus aims to build upon the previous version by incorporating the latest clinical research advancements and refining postoperative follow-up protocols for early-stage NSCLC patients based on different treatment modalities. It provides a scientific and practical reference for clinicians involved in the postoperative follow-up management of NSCLC. By optimizing follow-up strategies, this consensus seeks to promote the standardization and normalization of lung cancer diagnosis and treatment in China, helping more patients receive high-quality care and long-term management. Additionally, the release of this consensus is expected to provide insights for related research and clinical practice both domestically and internationally, driving continuous development and innovation in the field of postoperative management for NSCLC.

Objective: To explore the treatment options for congenitally missing teeth in patients with ectodermal dysplasia and provide a clinical reference. Methods: A patient with ectodermal dysplasia with a concave midface, anterior protrusion of the chin, and underdevelopment of the lower third of the face presented with congenital loss of multiple maxillary teeth, malocclusion of the remaining teeth, congenital loss of mandibular dentition, small dental arches, and upper and lower alveolar bone hypoplasia. The patient was treated by means of a removable partial maxillary prosthesis, implants in the anterior region of the lower mandible designed with the assistance of digital guides, and bar-clamped implant-overlay prostheses. A literature review of the protocol for the treatment of this condition was also conducted. Results: In addition to good retention and stability after denture wear, an excellent occlusal relationship, improvement of the patient's facial appearance, including upper and lower lip fullness, more equal balancing of the lower and middle 1/3 of the face, and improved masticatory function were achieved. The results of the literature review showed that patients with ectodermal dysplasia who are congenitally edentulous usually have a complex intraoral situation that makes restoration difficult, and common restorative modalities for these patients include fixed bridges, removable partial dentures, complete dentures, overdentures, and implant prostheses, which need to be selected according to the actual intraoral situation of each patient. Currently, there is no consensus on the treatment of congenitally missing teeth in patients with ectodermal dysplasia, and some scholars have suggested that fixed restorations be recommended for patients with fewer missing teeth, while the option of removable or implant-covered denture restorations should be given to patients with more missing teeth, with removeable prostheses for underage patients that are replaced with permanent fixed prostheses when the jaws have stabilized. Conclusion In patients with ectodermal dysplasia with congenital tooth loss, all factors should be taken into account, and an individualized restorative plan should be developed.

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the bacterial communities of biting midges and ticks collected from three sites in the Poyang Lake area,namely,Qunlu Practice Base,Peach Blossom Garden,and Huangtong Animal Husbandry,and whether vectors carry any bacterial pathogens that may cause diseases to humans,to provide scientific basis for prospective pathogen discovery and disease prevention and control. Methods Using a metataxonomics approach in concert with full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing and operational phylogenetic unit(OPU)analysis,we characterized the species-level microbial community structure of two important vector species,biting midges and ticks,including 33 arthropod samples comprising 3,885 individuals,collected around Poyang Lake. Results A total of 662 OPUs were classified in biting midges,including 195 known species and 373 potentially new species,and 618 OPUs were classified in ticks,including 217 known species and 326 potentially new species.Surprisingly,OPUs with potentially pathogenicity were detected in both arthropod vectors,with 66 known species of biting midges reported to carry potential pathogens,including Asaia lannensis and Rickettsia bellii,compared to 50 in ticks,such as Acinetobacter lwoffii and Staphylococcus sciuri.We found that Proteobacteria was the most dominant group in both midges and ticks.Furthermore,the outcomes demonstrated that the microbiota of midges and ticks tend to be governed by a few highly abundant bacteria.Pantoea sp7 was predominant in biting midges,while Coxiella sp1 was enriched in ticks.Meanwhile,Coxiella spp.,which may be essential for the survival of Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann,were detected in all tick samples.The identification of dominant species and pathogens of biting midges and ticks in this study serves to broaden our knowledge associated to microbes of arthropod vectors. Conclusion Biting midges and ticks carry large numbers of known and potentially novel bacteria,and carry a wide range of potentially pathogenic bacteria,which may pose a risk of infection to humans and animals.The microbial communities of midges and ticks tend to be dominated by a few highly abundant bacteria.

Objective To explore the mechanisms of circadian rhythm disorder(CRD)on behavior and testicular spermatogenic capacity in adolescent mice.Methods Thirty SPF grade C57 mice were selected and randomly di-vided into the control and CRD groups with 15 mice in each group.The control group kept 12 h dark/12 h bright circulating light,and the CRD group kept 24 h light.The trial lasted for 61 days.The growth curves of mice in each group were counted;the elevated plus maze test and open field test were performed to detect mice behavior;neuronal morphology was visualized by Nissl staining.The distribution of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1(Iba1)and neuron-specific nuclear protein(NeuN)in the hypothalamus were detected by immunofluorescence and Western blot.Expression of testosterone synthesis-related genes steroidogenic acute regulatory protein(StAR)and hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase,3 beta-and steroid delta-isomerase 1(HSD3B1)and spermatogenesis-related genes gametogenetin binding protein 2(GGNBP2)and deleted in azoospermia-like(DAZL)were deter-mined by RT-qPCR.Results The weight of the CRD group was significantly higher than that of control group at 61 days;in the elevated plus maze test,the time,frequency,and percentage of time in the open arm of the CRD group were significantly less than those of the control group;in the open field test,there was no significant differ-ence in movement distance between the two groups;however,the residence time of the central area in the CRD group was significantly less than that in the control group;the frequency of entering the central area in the CRD group was significantly less than that in the control group.Nissl staining results showed that the positive cells in the CRD group were significantly lower than the control group.Immunofluorescence and Western blot results showed that Iba1 protein expression was up-regulated and NeuN protein expression was down-regulated in the hypothalamus of the CRD group.In the RT-qPCR experiment,the expression of HSD3B1 in the CRD group was significantly low-er than that of the control group;the expression of GGNBP2 and DAZL in the CRD group was significantly lower than that in the control group.Conclusion The CRD treatment can not only lead to depressive behavior in adoles-cent mice but also reduce the development of reproductive system in male adolescent mice.

Objective:To explore the value of intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging (IVIM-DWI) parameters in different regions of the kidney in distinguishing IgA nephropathy (IgAN) patients from healthy volunteers.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional study. Eighty-four patients diagnosed with IgAN (IgAN group) who underwent renal biopsy (lower pole of the left kidney) and were pathologically confirmed at the First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital from February 2022 to September 2023 and thirty-four healthy volunteers (control group) were included prospectively. The regions of interest were outlined in the right renal cortex, medulla, and parenchyma for all subjects, and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), true diffusion coefficient (D), pseudo-diffusion coefficient (D *), and perfusion fraction (f) were measured in the corresponding regions. The differences in IVIM-DWI parameters between the IgAN group and the control group were compared using the student′s t-test or the Mann-Whitney U test. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed on the parameters with statistically significant differences, and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. Results:There were statistically significant differences in renal cortical ADC, renal parenchymal ADC, renal cortical D, renal parenchymal D, and renal medullary f values between the IgAN group and the control group ( Z=-3.03, -2.21, -2.62, -2.03, -2.03; P=0.002, 0.027, 0.009, 0.043, 0.042). The AUCs (95% CI) for diagnosing IgAN using renal cortical ADC, renal parenchymal ADC, renal cortical D, renal parenchymal D, and renal medullary f values were 0.679 (0.586-0.762), 0.630 (0.537-0.717), 0.654 (0.535-0.774), 0.619 (0.497-0.742), and 0.620 (0.495-0.745), respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in renal medullary ADC, D, renal cortex, medulla and parenchyma D *, renal cortical and renal parenchymal f values between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:The quantitative parameters of renal IVIM-DWI are influenced by different measurement regions, among which the ADC, D of renal cortex and parenchyma, and f of renal medulla can be used for the initial diagnosis of IgAN.

Purpose: Patients with advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC) have a poor survival. We aim to evaluate the efficacy and safety of nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine and cisplatin regimen in Chinese advanced BTC patients. Materials and Methods: Eligible patients with locally advanced or metastatic BTC administrated intravenous 100 mg/m2 nab-paclitaxel, 800 mg/m2 gemcitabine, and 25 mg/m2 cisplatin every 3 weeks. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). The secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS) and adverse events, while exploratory endpoint was the association of biomarkers with efficacy. Results: After the median follow-up of 25.0 months, the median PFS and OS of 34 enrolled patients were 7.1 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.4 to 13.7) and 16.4 months (95% CI, 10.9 to 23.6), respectively. The most common treatment-related adverse events at ≥ 3 grade were neutropenia (26.5%) and leukopenia (26.5%). Survival analyses demonstrated that carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels could monitor patients’ survival outcomes. A significant increase in the number of infiltrating CD4+ cells (p=0.008) and a decrease in programmed death-1–positive (PD-1+) cells (p=0.032) were observed in the response patients. Conclusion In advanced BTC patients, nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine and cisplatin regimen showed therapeutic potential. Potential prognostic factors of CEA levels, number of CD4+ cells and PD-1+ cells may help us maximize the efficacy benefit.

ObjectiveTo determine the influence of COVID-19 prevention and control on the epidemic characteristics and dynamics of notifiable infectious diseases in the first quarters， Zhejiang Province， and to explore more effective countermeasures against infectious diseases. MethodsDescriptive epidemiology was conducted to determine the change in notifiable infectious diseases during the prevention and control of COVID-19 in Zhejiang Province by retrieving the data of notifiable infectious diseases from 2017 to 2022 in the Chinese information system for disease control and prevention. Cumulative reported new cases of notifiable infectious diseases in the first quarters of 2017‒2019 were compared with that of 2020‒2022. ResultsA total of 546 753 cases of notifiable infectious diseases were newly reported in the first quarters of 2017‒2019， with an average incidence of 321.92/10⁵. In contrast， a total of 509 908 cases of notifiable infectious diseases were newly reported in the first quarters of 2020‒2022， during which the COVID-19 epidemic occurred， with an average incidence of 270.39/10⁵. The incidence in 2020‒2022 significantly declined by 51.53/10⁵， compared with that in 2017‒2019 （χ²=8 072.06， P<0.001）. In the first quarters of 2020‒2022， the average incidence of zoonotic diseases and vector-borne diseases decreased by more than 50%. In addition， the incidence of respiratory， enteric， blood-borne， and sexually transmitted diseases declined to certain degree. ConclusionThe decline in the newly reported cases of non-COVID-19 notifiable infectious diseases in the first quarters of 2020‒2022 indicates that the countermeasures against COVID-19 epidemic， such as multi-disease co-prevention， multi-sectoral collaboration， societal mobilization and personal hygiene and protection， may also decrease the incidence of multiple infectious diseases. It suggests the countermeasures are effective， which would provide evidence for routine prevention and control of infectious diseases in future.

This study explored a new model of Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PIRADS) and adjusted prostate-specific antigen density of peripheral zone (aPSADPZ) for predicting the occurrence of prostate cancer (PCa) and clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). The demographic and clinical characteristics of 853 patients were recorded. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA), PSA density (PSAD), PSAD of peripheral zone (PSADPZ), aPSADPZ, and peripheral zone volume ratio (PZ-ratio) were calculated and subjected to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The calibration and discrimination abilities of new nomograms were verified with the calibration curve and area under the ROC curve (AUC). The clinical benefits of these models were evaluated by decision curve analysis and clinical impact curves. The AUCs of PSA, PSAD, PSADPZ, aPSADPZ, and PZ-ratio were 0.669, 0.762, 0.659, 0.812, and 0.748 for PCa diagnosis, while 0.713, 0.788, 0.694, 0.828, and 0.735 for csPCa diagnosis, respectively. All nomograms displayed higher net benefit and better overall calibration than the scenarios for predicting the occurrence of PCa or csPCa. The new model significantly improved the diagnostic accuracy of PCa (0.945 vs 0.830, P < 0.01) and csPCa (0.937 vs 0.845, P < 0.01) compared with the base model. In addition, the number of patients with PCa and csPCa predicted by the new model was in good agreement with the actual number of patients with PCa and csPCa in high-risk threshold. This study demonstrates that aPSADPZ has a higher predictive accuracy for PCa diagnosis than the conventional indicators. Combining aPSADPZ with PIRADS can improve PCa diagnosis and avoid unnecessary biopsies.
Male ; Humans ; Prostate/pathology* ; Prostate-Specific Antigen/analysis* ; Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging* ; Biopsy ; Nomograms ; Retrospective Studies

Uncontrolled and persistent inflammation is closely related to numerous acute and chronic diseases. However, effective targeting delivery systems remain to be developed for precision therapy of inflammatory diseases. Herein we report a novel strategy for engineering inflammation-accumulation nanoparticles via phenolic functionalization. Different phenol-functionalized nanoparticles were first developed, which can undergo in situ aggregation upon triggering by the inflammatory/oxidative microenvironment. Phenolic compound-decorated poly (lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles, in particular tyramine (Tyr)-coated nanoparticles, showed significantly enhanced accumulation at inflammatory sites in mouse models of colitis, acute liver injury, and acute lung injury, mainly resulting from in situ cross-linking and tissue anchoring of nanoparticles triggered by local myeloperoxidase and reactive oxygen species. By combining a cyclodextrin-derived bioactive material with Tyr decoration, a multifunctional nanotherapy (TTN) was further developed, which displayed enhanced cellular uptake, anti-inflammatory activities, and inflammatory tissue accumulation, thereby affording amplified therapeutic effects in mice with colitis or acute liver injury. Moreover, TTN can serve as a bioactive and inflammation-targeting nanoplatform for site-specifically delivering a therapeutic peptide to the inflamed colon post oral administration, leading to considerably potentiated in vivo efficacies. Preliminary studies also revealed good safety of orally delivered TTN. Consequently, Tyr-based functionalization is promising for inflammation targeting amplification and therapeutic potentiation of nanotherapies.

Deficiencies in the clearance of peripheral amyloid β (Aβ) play a crucial role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous studies have shown that the ability of blood monocytes to phagocytose Aβ is decreased in AD. However, the exact mechanism of Aβ clearance dysfunction in AD monocytes remains unclear. In the present study, we found that blood monocytes in AD mice exhibited decreases in energy metabolism, which was accompanied by cellular senescence, a senescence-associated secretory phenotype, and dysfunctional phagocytosis of Aβ. Improving energy metabolism rejuvenated monocytes and enhanced their ability to phagocytose Aβ in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, enhancing blood monocyte Aβ phagocytosis by improving energy metabolism alleviated brain Aβ deposition and neuroinflammation and eventually improved cognitive function in AD mice. This study reveals a new mechanism of impaired Aβ phagocytosis in monocytes and provides evidence that restoring their energy metabolism may be a novel therapeutic strategy for AD.
Animals ; Mice ; Alzheimer Disease ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; Monocytes ; Cognition ; Energy Metabolism ; Phagocytosis