Psychophysiology

China ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Portraits as Topic ; Psychophysiology/history*

Intractable sudden deafness is a kind of primary sudden deafness that is insensitive to the comprehensive treatment in modern medicine. Due to the close relationship between the ear and the "heart", combined with the characteristics of intractable sudden deafness, in the theoretic guidance of "the heart housing the mind", the acupuncture therapy for regulating the mind and nourishing the heart was introduced in treatment of intractable sudden deafness, the relevant theoretic evidences were explored and elaborated with the typical case.
Acupuncture Therapy ; Hearing Loss, Sudden ; therapy ; Humans ; Psychophysiology

Objective To explore polygraph accuracy of Control Question Test （CQT）and whether it could be influenced by examinee's education level and type of violation of law. Methods Real cases of CQT （n=104） and the data from MAO （n=296） were collected. The polygraph accuracy of CQT was calculated. Variance analysis on three groups of different education levels was used to compare their age, and then the chi-square test was employed to compare polygraph accuracy among the groups. Independent sample t test was used to compare the age of subjects in the two groups of different types of violation of law, and then chi-square test was used to compare the true positive rate and true negative rate of lie detection after integration. Results In CQT lie detection of criminal cases, the true positive rate was 87.00%, the false negative rate was 13.00%, the true negative rate was 82.20%, and the false positive rate was 17.80%. There was no statistical significance in the differences between the true positive rate and the true negative rate （P>0.05）. In CQT lie detection of the groups of different education levels, there was no statistical significance in the differences between the true positive rates （P>0.05） while the differences between the true negative rates had statistical significance （P<0.05）. There was no statistical significance in the differences of both the true positive rates and the true negative rates between the violent violation of law and non-violent violation of law （P>0.05）. Conclusion There is no significant difference between the efficiency of CQT lie detection of identifying criminals and excluding innocents. However, a comparatively high false positive rate and false negative rate still exist. The efficiency of CQT lie detection identifying criminals may not influenced by the examinee's education level and type of violation of law, but its efficiency of excluding innocents may be influenced by the examinee's education level.
Criminals ; Lie Detection ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; Psychophysiology

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Insomnia is the most prevalent sleep disorder in the general population and is considered to be a disorder of hyperarousal. The aim of this study was to measure the psychophysiological responses in insomnia patients using a biofeedback system, and to compare them with results from normal healthy subjects. MATERIALS AND MATHODS: Eighty patients with primary insomnia (35 males and 45 females, average age 49.71 +/- 12.91 years) and 101 normal healthy controls (64 males and 37 females, average age 27.65 +/- 2.77) participated in this study. Electromyography (EMG), heart rate (HR), skin conductance (SC), skin temperature (ST), and respiratory rate (RR) were recorded using a biofeedback system during 5 phases (baseline, stress 1, recovery 1, stress 2, recovery 2) of a stress reactivity test, and average values were calculated. Difference in values between the two groups in each corresponding phase was analyzed with independent t-test, and change in values across phases of the stress reactivity test was analyzed with paired t-test (all two-tailed, p<0.05). RESULTS: Compared to normal controls, insomnia patients had higher EMG in all 5 phases (baseline : 7.72 +/- 3.88 microV vs. 4.89 +/- 1.73 microV, t = -6.06, p<0.001 ; stress 1 : 10.29 +/- 5.16 microV vs. 6.63 +/- 2.48 microV, t = -5.84, p<0.001 ; recovery 1 : 7.87 +/- 3.86 microV vs. 5.17 +/- 2.17 microV, t = -5.61, p<0.001 ; stress 2 : 10.22 +/- 6.07 microV vs. 6.98 +/- 2.98 microV, t = -4.37, p<0.001 ; recovery 2 : 7.88 +/- 4.25 microV vs. 5.17 +/- 1.99 microV, t = -5.27, p<0.001). Change in heart rate across phases of the stress reactivity test were higher in normal controls than in insomnia patients (stress 1-baseline : 6.48 +/- 0.59 vs. 3.77 +/- 0.59, t = 3.22, p = 0.002 ; recovery 1- stress 1 : -5.36 +/- 0.0.59 vs. -3.16 +/- 0.47, t = 2.91, p = 0.004 ; stress 2-recovery 1 : 8.45 +/- 0.61 vs. 4.03 +/- 0.47, t = 5.72, p<0.001 ; recovery 2-stress 2 : -8.56 +/- 0.65 vs. 4.02 +/- 0.51, t = -5.31, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Psychophysiological profiles of insomnia patients in a stress reactivity test were different from those of normal healthy controls. These results suggest that the sympathetic nervous system is more highly activated in insomnia patients.
Biofeedback, Psychology* ; Electromyography ; Female ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Male ; Psychophysiology ; Respiratory Rate ; Skin ; Skin Temperature ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders* ; Stress, Physiological ; Sympathetic Nervous System

Prepulse inhibition (PPI) is considered to be one of the most promising neurophysiological indexes for translational research in psychiatry. Impairment of PPI has been reported in several psychiatric diseases, particularly schizophrenia, where PPI is considered a candidate intermediate phenotype (endophenotype) of the disease. Recent findings from a variety of research areas have provided important evidence regarding PPI impairment. Human brain imaging studies have demonstrated the involvement of the striatum, hippocampus, thalamus and frontal and parietal cortical regions in PPI. In addition, several genetic polymorphisms, including variations in the genes coding for Catechol O-methyltransferase, Neuregulin 1, nuclear factor kappa-B subunit 3 and serotonin-2A receptor were related to PPI; and these findings support PPI as a polygenetic trait that involves several neurotransmitter pathways. Early psychosis studies suggest that PPI disruption is present before the onset of psychosis. Also, discrepancy of PPI impairment between children and adults can be found in other psychiatric diseases, such as autistic spectrum disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder, and comprehensive investigation of startle response might contribute to understand the impairment of the neural circuitry in psychiatric diseases. Finally, recent studies with both Asian and Caucasian subjects indicate that patients with schizophrenia exhibit impaired PPI, and impaired sensorimotor gating might be a global common psychophysiological feature of schizophrenia. In conclusion, studies of PPI have successfully contributed to a better understanding of the fundamental neural mechanisms underlying sensorimotor gating and will certainly be most valuable in devising future approaches that aim to investigate the complex pathogenesis of psychiatric diseases.
Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Catechol O-Methyltransferase ; Catechols ; Child ; Clinical Coding ; Endophenotypes ; Hippocampus ; Humans ; Mental Disorders ; Neuregulin-1 ; Neuroimaging ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Phenotype ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Psychophysiology ; Psychotic Disorders ; Schizophrenia ; Sensory Gating ; Startle Reaction ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ; Thalamus ; Translational Medical Research

OBJECTIVES: Chronic pain is one of the most common experiences of humans and a typical psychophysiological disorder. The aim of this study was to measure the psychophysiological responses in chronic pain patients using a biofeedback system, and to compare them with the results from normal healthy subjects. METHODS: Forty two patients with chronic pain (17 males and 25 females, average age 44.67+/-11.10 years) and 42 normal healthy controls (17 males and 25 females, average age 45.17+/-10.46 years) participated in this study. Electromyography (EMG), skin conductance (SC), and skin temperature (ST) were recorded using biofeedback system during the 3 phases (baseline, stress, and recovery) of stress reactivity test, and average values of them were calculated. Difference of values between two groups in each corresponding phase was analyzed with independent t-test, and change of values across phases of stress reactivity test was analyzed with paired t-test (all two-tailed, p<0.05). RESULTS: Compared to normal controls, chronic pain patients had higher value of EMG (baseline : 8.10+/-5.97 micronV vs 4.72+/-1.52 micronV, t=-3.56, p<0.01 ; stress : 11.25+/-6.89 micronV vs 8.49+/-4.78 micronV, t=-2.13, p<0.05 ; recovery : 7.12+/-3.77 micronV vs 4.78+/-1.59 micronV, t= -3.70, p<0.01) and SC (baseline : 1.06+/-1.0 micronS vs 0.42+/-0.29 micronS, t=-4.0. p<0.01 ; stress : 1.87+/-2.05 micronS vs 1.03+/-0.86 micronS, t=-2.47, p<0.05 ; recovery : 1.74+/-1.77 micronS vs 0.64+/-0.59 micronS, t=-3.8, p<0.01) in all the 3 phases. But, skin temperature comparison did not reveal significant differences in all the 3 phases between two groups. CONCLUSION: Psychophysiological responses of chronic pain patients in stress reactivity test were different from those of normal healthy controls. These results suggest that sympathetic nervous system is more activated in chronic pain patients.
Biofeedback, Psychology ; Chronic Pain ; Electromyography ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Psychophysiologic Disorders ; Psychophysiology ; Skin ; Skin Temperature ; Sympathetic Nervous System

Lie detection technology has been applied increasingly to investigate and solve criminal cases. This article explores the evolvement of lie detection technology in the ancient times and the application of the psychological and physiological parameters which have become more accurate with the introduction of modern polygraph. The cognitive exploration and the application of Event Related Potentials (ERPs), functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), and Event-Related functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (E-R fMRI) have made detection technology focus on the brain activities, which produce more objective results by tracing the original state of lying. In summary, this article describes different types of lie detections, simple and complex, their working principles, the latest development, and the prospect of their application in forensic science.
Evoked Potentials ; Forensic Medicine ; Humans ; Lie Detection ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods* ; Psychophysiology/instrumentation*

The study involved 665 women who were performed sterilization during 3 years 1996-1998, in Buon Ma Thuot City. The results showed that an average number of children of women in this study were 4.05. The rate of minority women submitted to this intervention was higher than that in Kinh ethnic population. After procedure, most of participants were satisfied with a good working and sexual life. The rate of complication accounted for 7.97% and failure rate was 0.45%. 95% of sexual partner and relatives of participants were in support of this intervention. The findings suggested that female sterilization is appropriate for women from rural and remote areas and low educated subjects
Sterilization ; Psychophysiology ; women ; diagnosis ;

OBJECTIVE: The abnormality of mismatch negativity (MMN) in schizophrenia is thought to be associated with perceptional disturbance and cognitive dysfunction. And the antagonists of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, ketamine, can induce anomalies of psychophysiology and cognitive function as those of schizophrenia. In order to explore the role of NMDA receptors on echoic memory system, MMN under ketamine administration was analyzed. METHODS: MMNs of Healthy 12 subjects under sub-anesthetic dose (0.65 mg/kg/hr) of ketamine administration in placebo-controlled design were recorded by 128 channel EEG. Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) change was also evaluated. RESULTS: BPRS score was significantly increased by ketamine administration (t=-6.655, p<0.001). Ketamine induced significant decrease in MMN amplitudes (Fz, t=-2.572, p=0.026). Neither MMN amplitude under placebo administration nor MMN latencies under ketamine administration and placebo was changed significantly. CONCLUSION: Ketamine induced echoic memory dysfunction in healthy subjects, which is usually found in schizophrenic patients. Consequently, reduced glutamatergic activity in brain could be involved some early processes of the memory dysfunction in schizophrenia.
Brain ; Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale ; Electroencephalography ; Glutamic Acid* ; Humans ; Ketamine* ; Memory* ; N-Methylaspartate ; Psychophysiology ; Receptors, Glutamate* ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate ; Schizophrenia*