Engineering education is an important part of China's higher education. With the deepening of the connotation of new engineering talents training, it is timely to carry out the curriculum reform in all directions and improve the quality of engineering talents. In order to highlight the characteristics of fostering new engineering talents, specialized courses and practical courses are becoming the focus of curriculum teaching reform. However to this end, it is urgent to explore how to strengthen fostering talents with engineering characteristics in the professional foundation courses. Taking the biochemistry course as an example, problem-based learning teaching methods were employed, appropriate teaching cases were selected, scientific and technical problems based instructional designs were explored, and students were guided to condense, analyze and solve problems. This study aims to transform the learning attitude of students from "passive" to "active", enhance students' thinking skills, highlight the engineering application of science and technology, lay the foundation for continuous and even lifelong learning, and provide a reference for fostering talents under the new engineering background.
Humans ; Problem-Based Learning ; Learning ; Students ; Curriculum ; Biochemistry

PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare the effects of simulation integrated with problem based learning (S-PBL) according to the sequences of problem-based learning (PBL) and high fidelity simulation training (HFS) on knowledge, clinical performance, clinical judgment, self-confidence, and satisfaction in fourth-grade nursing students. METHODS: In this randomized crossover design study, four S-PBLs on medical-surgical nursing were applied alternatively to two randomly-assigned groups of 26 senior nursing students for 8 weeks. The collected data were analyzed using an independent t-test. RESULTS: The method of administering PBL prior to HFS led to significantly higher scores on knowledge (t=2.28, p=.025) as compared to the method of administering HFS prior to PBL. However, the latter method led to significantly higher scores on clinical performance (t=−6.49, p < .001) and clinical judgment (t=−4.71, p < .001) as compared to the method of administering PBL prior to HFS. There were no differences in the effect of the two methods on self-confidence (t=1.53, p=.128) and satisfaction (t=1.28, p=.202). CONCLUSION: The integration sequences of S-PBL was associated with different learning outcomes. Therefore, when implementing S-PBL, it is necessary to consider the educational goal to executes an appropriate sequence of integration.
Cross-Over Studies ; Humans ; Judgment ; Learning ; Medical-Surgical Nursing ; Methods ; Nursing Education Research ; Nursing ; Problem-Based Learning ; Simulation Training ; Students, Nursing

PURPOSE: This study investigated student experiences of mobile technology in a medical English course using a free mobile classroom application, Socrative and its impact on student learning to help them achieve the competency expected in the course. METHODS: Questionnaires were administered of year 2 medical students enrolled in a medical English course between 2016 and 2017 to investigate their experience in using Socrative. Learning outcomes were assessed by comparing students' academic performance with that of the 2015 cohort, who had taken the same course without using mobile technology, and also by measuring changes in their self-efficacy in English over time during the course. RESULTS: This study found students' positive perceptions of and overall satisfaction with their experience in using mobile technology in the medical English course. There were no differences in the academic performance between the study cohort and the comparison group. The ratio of students who were in the remediation program after the mid-term examination was 11%, whereas the remediation ratio of the 2015 cohort was 21%. Students' self-efficacy in English improved significantly in the writing and reading domains (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study found several benefits of using Socrative in the medical English course. Socrative fostered the classroom interaction by encouraging input from every student and sharing it instantly with the whole class. There was also learning improvement with the use of Socrative. Furthermore, it has the potential to enhance assessment by offering more various forms of assessment than that of conventional audience response systems.
Cohort Studies ; Educational Technology ; Humans ; Learning ; Mobile Applications ; Problem-Based Learning ; Students, Medical ; Teaching ; Writing

PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess the degree of acceptance of problem-based learning (PBL) among phase one medical students and its association with academic self-concept (ASC) and internal locus of control (ILOC). METHODS: A 5-point Likert scale valid and reliable questionnaire assessing the attitude towards PBL, ASC, and ILOC was given to phase one medical students at MAHSA University. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS ver. 22.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, USA). RESULTS: Out of 255 participants, there were 84 males and 171 females, 175 Malaysians and 80 non-Malaysians. The results showed an overall acceptance of PBL with a mean of 3.7±0.07, ASC of 3.5±0.05 and ILOC of 2.9±0.05. Females showed a higher significant acceptance of PBL, ASC, and ILOC as compared with males. There was no difference between Malaysians and non-Malaysians in any of the variables measured. Simple regression analysis revealed a significant predictive effect of acceptance of PBL on ASC and ILOC (r=0.44 and r=0.88, respectively). CONCLUSION: The higher the acceptance of PBL among students, the higher is the ASC and ILOC. This reflects the importance of PBL as a teaching method as well as the importance of increasing the level of appreciation of PBL amongst students.
Female ; Humans ; Internal-External Control ; Male ; Problem-Based Learning ; Students, Medical ; Teaching

BACKGROUND: We aimed to examine the effects of an experiential learning activities-focused smoking prevention (ELSP) program on the basis of the Attitude-Social Influence-Efficacy (ASE) model in elementary school students. METHODS: A non-equivalent control group pre-test and post-test design was conducted with 84 participants who were in the fifth grade of two elementary schools in Seongnam city, South Korea. The two schools were allocated into either the ELSP (n=42) or control (n=42) group. The ELSP group completed five ELSP classes, while the control group completed five traditional lecture-based classes during the 5 weeks. Both groups were examined before and after 5 weeks, using ASE measures of smoking attitude, social influence, self-efficacy for the refusal of smoking temptation, and intention not to smoke. Data were collected from August to September 2017. RESULTS: The ELSP group had significant changes in the scores of smoking attitude (t=4.75, P<0.001) and social influences (t=3.73, P<0.001), compared to those in the control group. However, the ELSP group had non-significant changes in the scores of self-efficacy for the refusal of smoking temptation and intention not to smoke, compared to those in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The ELSP program may be effective in improving smoking attitude and perceived social influence of smoking among those in upper grades of elementary schools. However, the duration and intensity of the ELSP program must be revised to effectively enhance smoking refusal self-efficacy and non-smoking intentions.
Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Intention ; Korea ; Peer Influence ; Problem-Based Learning ; Smoke ; Smoking

Clinical reasoning is considered a crucial concept in reaching medical decisions. This paper reviews the reasoning processes involved in clinical reasoning from the perspective of cognitive psychology. To properly use clinical reasoning, one requires not only domain knowledge but also structural knowledge, such as critical thinking skills. In this paper, two types of reasoning process required for critical thinking are discussed: inductive and deductive. Inductive and deductive reasoning processes have different features and are generally appropriate for different types of tasks. Numerous studies have suggested that experts tend to use inductive reasoning while novices tend to use deductive reasoning. However, even experts sometimes use deductive reasoning when facing challenging and unfamiliar problems. In clinical reasoning, expert physicians generally use inductive reasoning with a holistic viewpoint based on a full understanding of content knowledge in most cases. Such a problem-solving process appears as a type of recognition-primed decision making only in experienced physicians' clinical reasoning. However, they also use deductive reasoning when distinct patterns of illness are not recognized. Therefore, medical schools should pursue problem-based learning by providing students with various opportunities to develop the critical thinking skills required for problem solving in a holistic manner.
Decision Making ; Humans ; Problem Solving ; Problem-Based Learning ; Psychology ; Schools, Medical ; Thinking

Medical education research subjects are incredibly diverse and have changed over time. This work in particular aims to compare and analyze research trends in medical education through the words used in the titles of these research papers. Academic Medicine (the journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges), Medical Teacher (the journal of the Association of Medical Education in Europe), the Korean Journal of Medical Education (KJME), and Korean Medical Education Review (KMER) were selected and analyzed for the purposes of this research. From 2009 to 2018, Academic Medicine and Medical Teacher published approximately 10 to 20 times more papers than the KJME and KMER. Frequently used words in these titles include “medical,” “student,” “education,” and “learning”. The words “clinical” and “learning” were used relatively often (7.80% to 13.66%) in Korean journals and Medical Teacher, but Academic Medicine used these phrases relatively less often (6.47% and 4.41%, respectively). Concern with such various topics as problem-based learning, team-based learning, program evaluations, burnout, e-learning, and digital indicates that Medical Teacher seems to primarily deal with teaching and learning methodologies, and Academic Medicine handles all aspects of medical education. The KJME and KMER did not cover all subjects, as they publish smaller papers. However, it is anticipated that research on new subjects, such as artificial intelligence in medical education, will occur in the near future.
Artificial Intelligence ; Education, Medical ; Humans ; Learning ; Problem-Based Learning ; Program Evaluation ; Research Subjects

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to examine the effects of team-based problem-based learning combined with smart education among nursing students.METHODS: A quasi-experimental non-equivalent control group, pre-posttest design was used. The experimental group (n=36) received problem-based learning combined with smart education and lectures 7 times over the course of 7 weeks (100 minutes weekly). Control group (n=34) only received instructor-centered lectures 7 times over the course of 7 weeks (100 minutes weekly). Data were analyzed using the χ2 test, the Fisher exact test, and the independent t-test with SPSS for Windows version 21.0.RESULTS: After the intervention, the experimental group reported increased learning motivation (t=2.70, p=.009), problem-solving ability (t=2.25, p=.028), academic self-efficacy (t=4.76, p<.001), self-learning ability (t=2.78, p<.001), and leadership (t=2.78, p=.007) relative to the control group.CONCLUSION: Team-based problem-based learning combined with smart education and lectures was found to be an effective approach for increasing the learning motivation, problem-solving ability, academic self-efficacy, self-learning ability, and leadership of nursing students.
Computer-Assisted Instruction ; Education ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Leadership ; Learning ; Lectures ; Motivation ; Nursing ; Problem-Based Learning ; Students, Nursing

BACKGROUND: After introduction of clinical skills assessment in the Korean Medical Licensing Examination, medical schools have reinforced both experiential learning with real patients and preparatory programs. This study was conducted to investigate whether a clinical practice examination (CPX) preparation program improves students' CPX score in terms of case specificity. METHODS: One hundred and thirteen senior students in a medical school participated in this study. During the fourth-year clerkship, 28 students (24.8%) from three rotation groups took a 3-day CPX preparation course consisting of module development, role play, and comprehensive physical exam skills training. Eleven rotation groups (n=85) were compared as control. Both the intervention and control group took two comprehensive CPXs before and after the clerkship was completed. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in age, sex, and school type between the two groups. On pre-test CPX, there was no significant difference in total and sectional scores between the two groups. On post-test CPX, total scores of the intervention group were higher than those of the control groups (69.5±4.3 vs. 67.5±4.4, P < 0.05). History taking scores were higher in intervention groups (70.0±6.0 vs. 66.0±6.6, P=0.01). The station scores of vaginal discharge with case similarity were higher in the intervention groups (73.0±6.3 vs. 68.9±9.3, P=0.03). CONCLUSION: A short CPX preparation course improved history taking ability, but its effect was greater only in a specific case, similar to the pre-course case. Whether this effect was due to the test experience or true improvement in competency requires further investigation.
Clinical Clerkship ; Clinical Competence ; Education, Medical, Undergraduate ; Humans ; Licensure ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Patient Simulation ; Problem-Based Learning ; Role Playing ; Schools, Medical ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Simulation Training ; Vaginal Discharge

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Effective educational tools are important for increasing adherence to asthma guidelines and clinical improvement of asthma patients. We developed a computer-based interactive education program for asthma guideline named the Virtual Learning Center for Asthma Management (VLCAM). We evaluated the usefulness of program in terms of its effects on user awareness of asthma guideline and level of satisfaction. METHODS: Physicians-in-training at tertiary hospitals in Korea were enrolled in a cross-sectional questionnaire survey. The e-learning program on asthma guideline was conducted over a 2-week period. We investigated changes in the awareness of asthma guideline using 35-item self-administered questionnaire aiming at assessing physicians' knowledge, attitude, and practice. Satisfaction with the program was scored on 4-point Likert scales. RESULTS: A total of 158 physicians-in-training at six tertiary hospitals completed the survey. Compared with baseline, the overall awareness obtained from the scores of knowledge, attitude, and practice was improved significantly. Participants were satisfied with the VLCAM program in the following aspects: helpfulness, convenience, motivation, effectiveness, physicians' confidence, improvement of asthma management, and willingness to recommend. All items in user satisfaction questionnaires received high scores over 3 points. Moreover, the problem-based learning with a virtual patient received the highest user satisfaction among all parts of the program. CONCLUSIONS: Our computer-based e-learning program is useful for improving awareness of asthma management. It could improve adherence to asthma guidelines and enhance the quality of asthma care.
Asthma* ; Education ; Humans ; Korea ; Learning* ; Motivation ; Problem-Based Learning ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Weights and Measures