Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common and fatal non communicable disease in the world. Hypertension accounts for a large proportion of global non communicable diseases. Irisin was first discovered and named in 2012. As a muscle myokine, irisin has the function of regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. Exercise can promote irisin' participation in energy metabolism in the body. At the same time, it has been found that irisin can intervene in the development of hypertension and have a positive effect on the improvement of hypertension. Therefore, this paper reviews research on the relationship between irisin and hypertension, summarizes the mechanism of irisin’ action on vascular function in hypertension, and analyzes the effect of irisin on blood pressure under exercise intervention.

Objective:To investigate the diagnosis value of serum levels of soluble B7-H3(sB7-H3),trefoil factor 1(TFF1)and lipocalin-2(LCN-2)in breast cancer(BC)patients.Methods:From March 2020 to March 2023,196 newly diagnosed BC patients accepted by Huanghe San-menxia hospital were regarded as the study subjects and assigned to the BC group;84 patients with benign breast lesions and 76 physically healthy individuals served as the benign lesion group and the control group,respectively;clinical data were collected.ELISA method was applied to de-tect the serum levels of sB7-H3,TFF1,and LCN-2 in each group,and the relationship between the serum levels of the three and the clinical and pathological characteristics of BC patients was analyzed;Spearman method was applied to analyze the correlation between serum sB7-H3,TFF1,LCN-2 levels and clinical pathological characteristics in BC patients;receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was plotted to evaluate the diagnostic value of serum sB7-H3,TFF1,and LCN-2 levels for BC.Results:Compared with the reference group,the serum levels of sB7-H3,TFF1,and LCN-2 in the benign lesion group and BC group were obviously increased(P＜0.05),the serum levels of sB7-H3,TFF1,and LCN-2 in the BC group were obviously higher than those in the benign lesion group(P＜0.05);the serum levels of sB7-H3,TFF1,and LCN-2 were obviously elevated in BC patients with tumour diameter＞2 cm,TNM stage Ⅲ+Ⅳ,lymph node metastasis,and negative ER expression(P＜0.05),the serum levels of sB7-H3,TFF1 and LCN-2 were positively correlated with tumor diameter(r=0.463,0.442,0.481,P＜0.001),positive correla-tion with TNM stage(r=0.474,0.394,0.562,P＜0.001),positive correlation with lymph node me-tastasis(r=0.567,0.488,0.409,P＜0.001),and negative correlation with ER expression(r=-0.575,-0.534,-0.538,P＜0.001);the AUC for serum sB7-H3,TFF1,and LCN-2 alone for BC diagnosis were 0.817,0.814,and 0.830,respectively,and the combined diagnosis was superior to the separate diagnosis(AUC=0.911,95％CI:0.871-0.942).Conclusion:The serum levels of sB7-H3,TFF1 and LCN-2 in BC patients were significantly increased,which is of high clinical value for the diagnosis of BC.

Objective To investigate the incidence of neonatal hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) and analyze the characteristics of HPA gene mutations in the Yangzhou area. Methods From January 2013 to December 2022, 285, 549 newborns in Yangzhou were screened for HPA using either the ninhydrin fluorescence method or tandem mass spectrometry. Urinary pterin analysis, erythrocyte dihydrobiopterin reductase activity measurement and genetic diagnosis were performed to screen positive individuals. Results A total of 29 cases were confirmed as HPA, including 3 cases of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH₄) deficiency and 26 cases of phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) deficiency. The overall incidence of HPA in Yangzhou was 1/9, 847, with the incidence of PAH deficiency being 1/10, 983, which were slightly higher than the national average but lower than other regions in Jiangsu Province. Among the cases, 13 (44.83%) were classic phenylketonuria (PKU), 7(24.14%) were mild PKU, and 6(20.69%) were mild HPA. Sixteen patients with PAH gene mutations were all compound heterozygotes, with one case exhibiting three-site mutations. PAH gene mutations were predominantly missense mutations, primarily concentrated in exon 7, followed by exon 6, with E7 c.728G>A (21.21%) being the most frequent mutation. Three cases of BH₄ deficiency were detected with PTS gene mutations, including 1 homozygous mutation and 2 compound heterozygous mutations. E5 c.259C>T was the high-frequency PTS mutation gene in Yangzhou. Conclusion HPA has a certain incidence in Yangzhou, with classic PKU being the predominant type. This study clarified the characteristics of PAH and PTS gene mutations in Yangzhou, enriching the HPA gene database.

The paper is to establish an UPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of 19 components in Microctis Folium from different production areas. The 50% methanol was used as extraction solvent. The Agilent ZORBAX SB C18 (150 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm) column was used; mobile phase was acetonitrile - 0.1% acetic acid with gradient elution, flow rate was 0.3 mL·min^-1, colume temperature was 30 ℃, and the injection volume was 2 μL; electrospray ionizaton source was used and detected in negative ion mode. The results showed that the established UPLC-MS/MS method could well separate the 19 components, and the methodological investigation results of 19 components were good. By means of orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), 28 batches of Microctis Folium samples from different production areas can be divided into three categories, Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan are each classified into one category, and 10 signature compounds which affecting the quality differences of different production areas were screened out. The established method is accurate, reliable, sensitive and reproducible. It can provide a basis for the establishment of the quality standard of Microctis Folium, as well as for safety and quality research.

Objective:To verify the therapeutic effect of Astragalus on mice with acute respiratory distress syndrome with sepsis and to explore its mechanism.Methods:Seventy SPF-grade C57 mice were divided into astragalus group ( n=30), control group ( n=30) and sham surgery group ( n=10) according to random number table method, and CLP surgery was performed on Astragalus group and control group to induce sepsis acute respiratory distress syndrome, and CLP sham surgery was performed in the sham surgery group. After surgery, the astragalus group was treated with astragalus decoction for gastric gavage, the sham surgery group and the control group were gavaged with normal saline, and the mice were sacrificed 12 hours and 24 hours after the operation, and the lung histopathology was observed, the ratio of dry to wet weight of lung tissue, the protein concentration of alveolar lavage fluid was determined, the alveolar lavage fluid and serum were analyzed proteomics, and the differential proteins were enriched and analyzed. Results:Astragalus reduced the total protein concentration of BALF in ARDS mice, reduced the dry-to-wet ratio of ARDS mice, and HE staining of lung tissues showed that Astragalus decoction improved acute alveolar injury in ARDS mice. Proteomic analysis of serum samples and BALF samples showed that there were certain differential proteins between astragalus group and control group, and enrichment analysis showed that it was mainly enriched in the pathway of inflammatory factors, confirming that astragalus decoction may play a role by inhibiting the activation and release of inflammatory factors.Conclusions:Astragalus decoction can effectively reduce the inflammatory exudation of lung tissue in acute respiratory distress syndrome of sepsis, and its mechanism of action may be to inhibit the expression of inflammatory factors.

Objective To explore the effect of multiparameter electroencephalogram(EEG)-guided anesthesia management on EEG burst suppression(BS)and postoperative delirium(POD)in elderly patients undergoing lower abdominal laparoscopic surgery.Methods A total of 100 elderly patients,48 males and 52 females,aged 65-85 years,BMI 18.5-28.0 kg/m2,and ASA physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ,were enrolled for lower abdominal surgery under general anesthesia.Patients were randomly divided into two groups:multiparameter group and single parameter group,50 patients in each group.In multiparameter group,multiparameter EEG monitoring with patient statu index(PSI),spectral edge frequency(SEF),burst suppression ratio(BSR)and density spectral array(DSA)were used to guide the depth management of anesthesia.In single parameter group,single parameter PSI was used to guide the depth management of anesthesia.The total area under the hypotensive threshold of MAP(AUTMAP)was calculated,and the amount of anesthetic used during the operation and the use of vasoactive drugs,duration of anesthesia,extu-bation time,duration of PACU stay,and postoperative hospitalisation days were recorded.HR,MAP,PSI,and SEF were recorded before the induction of anesthesia,5 minutes after induction of anesthesia,5,30,and 60 minutes after incision,and at the end of surgery.The incidence,duration,and maximum BSR of in-traoperative BS,as well as the incidence of POD 1,2,and 3 days after surgery were recorded.Results There was no significant difference in AUTMAP values between the two groups.Compared with single parame-ter group,intraoperative propofol and remifentanil dosage were significantly decreased(P＜0.05),awak-ening time,PACU stay,and postoperative hospitalization time were significantly shorter in multiparameter group(P＜0.05),the PSI was significantly increased 5,30,and 60 minutes after incision and at the end of surgery,and the SEF was significantly increased 5 minutes after induction of anesthesia,5,30,and 60 minutes after induction and the end of surgery(P＜0.05).Compared with single parameter group,inci-dence of intraoperative BS was significantly decreased,duration of BS was significantly shorter,smaller maximum BSR was significantly decreased,and incidence of POD on 1 day after surgery in multiparameter group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Anesthesia management guided by multiparameter EEG can inhibit the oc-currence of BS,mitigate the degree of BS,and reduce the incidence of POD in elderly patients undergoing abdominal surgery.

Objective:To explore the genetic etiology and clinical phenotype of a child with Triadin knockout syndrome (TKOS), and to review the relevant literature of TKOS patients due to variants of TRDN gene. Methods:A child who was admitted to the Children′s Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University on March 19, 2023 due to sudden cardiac arrest 3 days earlier was selected as the study subject. Peripheral blood samples (2 to 3 mL) were collected from the child and her parents for the extraction of genomic DNA and whole exome sequencing (WES). Pathogenic variants were searched from databases such as the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD) and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), and were assessed based on the guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG). Sanger sequencing was carried out for family validation of the pathogenic variants. Using keywords such as " arrhythmias" " TRDN" and " Triadin" both in Chinese and English, relevant literature on TKOS patients due to variants of the TRDN gene was retrieved from the CNKI, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, and PubMed databases, and the time of literature retrieval was set from January 1, 2012 to December 1, 2023. This study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Children′s Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University (No. 20230097), and informed consent was obtained from the parents of the child. Results:The child had experienced syncope and cardiac arrest after exercise. Electrocardiographic examination revealed QTc interval prolongation, T-wave inversion in precordial leads V1-V3, polymorphic ventricular premature beat (VPB), and ventricular tachycardia (VT) along with increased heart rate. WES and Sanger sequencing revealed that the child has harbored a homozygous c.463del(p.E155Kfs*20) variant of the TRDN gene, for which both of the parents were heterozygous. Based on the guidelines from the ACMG, the variant was classified as pathogenic (PVS1+ PM2+ PM3). The child was ultimately diagnosed with TKOS. In total 12 publications on TOKS cases caused by TRDN gene variants were retrieved, which involved 30 patients and 28 carriers of single heterozygous variant of the TRDN gene. Among the 30 TKOS patients, 20 had carried homozygous variants of the TRDN gene, and 10 had carried compound heterozygous variants, and all had exhibited significant clinical phenotype of arrhythmia, with most cases had experienced malignant arrhythmia induced by exercise and/or excitement during infancy or early childhood, leading to recurrent syncope and cardiac arrest. Of note, none of the 28 carriers of single heterozygous variant had abnormal clinical phenotype. Conclusion:The homozygous c.463del(p.E155Kfs20) variant of the TRDN gene probably underlay the pathogenesis of cardiac arrest in this child. Above discovery has enriched the mutational spectrum of the TRDN gene.This mutation may represent a genetic cause for cardiac arrest in children with TKOS.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of vagus nerve stimulation on the homologous phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN)-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin signaling pathway on myocardial injury induced by hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats.Methods:Twenty-seven clean-grade healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 10-12 weeks, weighing 280-320 g, were divided into 3 groups ( n=9 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group (Sham group), hepatic I/R group (HI/R group) and vagus nerve stimulation group (VNS group). The liver I/R injury model was made by clamping the liver pedicle for 1 h followed by 6-h reperfusion. In VNS group, the left cervical vagus nerve was stimulated by a voltage with a frequency of 20 Hz and a wave width of 0.1 ms immediately after liver ischemia, lasting for 1 h. The stimulation voltage was adjusted with the rat heart rate, and the heart rate decreased by more than 10% of the basic value was considered as a successful stimulation. The rats were anesthetized at the end of reperfusion, and carotid blood samples were collected for determination of the serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) concentration by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Then rats were sacrificed, and left ventricular myocardial tissues were taken for determination of the apoptosis in cardiomyocytes (by TUNEL) and expression of PINK1, Parkin, p62, Bax and Bcl-2 (by Western blot). The apoptosis rate was calculated. Results:Compared with Sham group, the concentrations of serum cTnI and apoptotic rate of cardiomyocytes were significantly increased, the expression of PINK1, Parkin and Bcl-2 in myocardial tissues was down-regulated, and the expression of p62 and Bax was up-regulated in HI/R group and VNS group ( P<0.05). Compared with HI/R group, the concentrations of serum cTnI and apoptotic rate of cardiomyocytes were significantly decreased, the expression of PINK1, Parkin and Bcl-2 in myocardial tissues was up-regulated, and the expression of p62 and Bax was down-regulated in VNS group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The mechanism by which vagus nerve stimulation alleviates myocardial injury induced by hepatic I/R is related to activation of the PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway in rats.

Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) plays an essential role in the biosynthesis of anthocyanin and regulation of plant flower color. Based on the transcriptome data of Cistanche tubulosa (Schenk) Wight, a full-length cDNA sequence of CtDFR gene was cloned by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). CtDFR contains an open reading frame (ORF) of 1 263 bp which encodes 420 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 47.5 kDa. The sequence analysis showed that CtDFR contains a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) binding domain and a specific substrate binding domain. The expression analysis indicated that CtDFR was highly expressed in red and purple flowers, and the relative expression levels were 4.04 and 19.37 times higher than those of white flowers, respectively. The recombinant CtDFR protein was expressed in E.coli BL21 (DE3) using vector pET-28a-CtDFR and was purified. In vitro enzyme activity analysis, CtDFR could reduce three types of dihydroflavonols including dihydrokaempferol, dihydroquercetin, and dihydromyricetin to leucopelargonidin, leucocyanidin and leucodelphinidin. Subcellular localization analysis showed that CtDFR was mainly localized in the cytoplasm. These results demonstrate that CtDFR plays an important role in regulation of flower color in C. tubulosa and make a valuable contribution for the further investigation on the regulation mechanism of C. tubulosa (Schenk) Wight flower color.

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of 2-(2-phenylethyl) chromones in sodium chloride(NaCl)-treated suspension cells of Aquilaria sinensis was conducted by UPLC-Q-Exactive-MS and UPLC-QQQ-MS/MS. Both analyses were performed on a Waters T3 column(2.1 mm×50 mm, 1.8 μm) with 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution(A)-acetonitrile(B) as mobile phases at gradient elution. MS data were collected by electrospray ionization in positive ion mode. Forty-seven phenylethylchromones was identified from NaCl-treated suspension cell samples of A. sinensis using UPLC-Q-Exactive-MS, including 22 flindersia-type 2-(2-phenylethyl) chromones and their glycosides, 10 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-(2-phenylethyl) chromones and 15 mono-epoxy or diepoxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-(2-phenylethyl) chromones. Additionally, 25 phenylethylchromones were quantitated by UPLC-QQQ-MS/MS. Overall, the rapid and efficient qualitative and quantitative analysis of phenylethylchromones in NaCl-treated suspension cells of A. sinensis by two LC-MS techniques, provides an important reference for the yield of phenylethylchromones in Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum using in vitro culture and other biotechnologies.
Chromones ; Sodium Chloride ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Flavonoids ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Thymelaeaceae