Objective: To analyze the security situation of patients with occupational pneumoconiosis in Gansu Province to lay the foundation for strengthening the security measures for patients with pneumoconiosis. Methods: In August 2020, a follow-up survey was conducted on the current patients with occupational pneumoconiosis diagnosed and surviving in Gansu Province from 1949 to 2019, to obtain the information of industrial injury insurance, employer compensation, medical insurance, subsistence allowance and so on, and analyze their distribution characteristics. The proportion of patients enjoying various security, medical insurance reimbursement and subsistence allowances was tested by chi square. Results: Among the current patients with occupational pneumoconiosis in Gansu Province, 72.0% (5335/7410) enjoyed the benefits of work-related injury insurance, 8.2% (609/7410) enjoyed the compensation paid by the employer, 91.5% (6780/7410) had medical insurance, and 2.8% (204/7410) had no guarantee. Among the patients with occupational pneumoconiosis, 374 enjoyed the minimum living allowance, accounting for 5.05% (374/7410) ; the first diagnosis period with a high proportion of minimum living allowance was phase Ⅲ, accounting for 15.14% (43/284) . Conclusion: The proportion of medical insurance outpatient and inpatient reimbursement of occupational pneumoconiosis patients in Gansu Province is still at a low level. It is suggested that relevant departments should introduce relevant security policies for workers without fixed employers to reduce the economic burden of patients.
China/epidemiology* ; Humans ; Pleasure ; Pneumoconiosis/epidemiology*

Background: Game developers incorporated the enjoyment of playing video games into the promotion of positive health outcomes. It led to the development of video games that are considered to be a form of exercise and are now popularly called exergames. Objective: To determine the effect of active video-gaming on the physical and psychological well-being of children, adolescents, and young adults Methods: Literature was searched using databases such as PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, ScienceDirect, CINAHL, and PsychInfo. Bibliographical articles from included studies were also examined. The review included studies involving children and adolescents (4-17 years old) and young adults (18-24 years old) who are of normal weight, overweight, or obese. The included articles were assessed for any risk of bias using RoB tool in Review Manager (RevMan) [Computer program] Version 5.3, Copenhagen: The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration (2014). Results: A total of 7 studies were included in the quantitative assessment of physical activity (PA), Body Mass Index (BMI), body fat, and heart rate (HR). A total of 8 studies were included in the systematic review on perceived exertion, enjoyment, motivation, and perceived competence. Study results showed that exergames increase moderate-to-vigorous physical activity by 5.93 minutes 95% CI [4.81, 7.05]. However, there was no benefit found on body mass index, body fat, and heart rate. The review of articles showed mixed results on the benefits of exergames on RPE, enjoyment, motivation, and perceived exertion Conclusion Active video gaming increases moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in children, adolescents, and young adults. However, exergames neither decrease nor increase BMI, heart rate, and body fat. There were mixed results on the benefits of exergames on rating of perceived exertion, enjoyment, motivation, and perceived competence
Exergaming ; Exercise ; Overweight ; Pleasure

OBJECTIVE: We investigated the impact of depressed mood (dysphoria) and loss of interest or pleasure (anhedonia)on the risk of dementia in cognitively-normal elderly individuals. METHODS: This study included 2,685 cognitively-normal elderly individuals who completed the baseline and 4-year follow-up assessments of the Korean Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Aging and Dementia. We ascertained the presence of dysphoria and anhedonia using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Inventory. We defined subjective cognitive decline as the presence of subjective cognitive complaints without objective cognitive impairments. We analyzed the association of dysphoria and anhedonia with the risk of cognitive disorders using multinomial logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, education, Cumulative Illness Rating Scale score, Apolipoprotein E genotype, and neuropsychological test performance. RESULTS: During the 4-year follow-up period, anhedonia was associated with an approximately twofold higher risk of mild cognitive impairment (OR=2.09, 95% CI=1.20–3.64, p=0.008) and fivefold higher risk of dementia (OR=5.07, 95% CI=1.44–17.92, p=0.012) but was not associated with the risk of subjective cognitive decline. In contrast, dysphoria was associated with an approximately twofold higher risk of subjective cognitive decline (OR=2.06, 95% CI=1.33–3.19, p=0.001) and 1.7-fold higher risk of mild cognitive impairment (OR=1.75, 95% CI=1.00–3.05, p=0.048) but was not associated with the risk of dementia. CONCLUSION: Anhedonia, but not dysphoria, is a risk factor of dementia in cognitively-normal elderly individuals.
Aged ; Anhedonia ; Apolipoproteins ; Cognition Disorders ; Cognitive Aging ; Cohort Studies ; Dementia ; Depression ; Education ; Follow-Up Studies ; Genotype ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Longitudinal Studies ; Mild Cognitive Impairment ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Pleasure ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore the subjective experiences of those who are abstinent from alcohol to recover from alcoholism. METHODS: A qualitative descriptive study design was used. RESULTS: In this study, 3 clusters of themes and 7 themes were derived: 1. Decision for abstinence - 1) an unavoidable choice and 2) choice due to insight to alcoholism; 2. Difficulties to endure - 1) difficulty with giving up and 2) difficulty with handling; 3. Adaptation to a new lifestyle - 1) satisfaction with trivial rounds of daily life, 2) finding new values, and 3) restoration of broken relationships. CONCLUSION: Abstinence experience among people with alcohol use disorder is decided with a variety of personal motives. Abstinence experience includes giving up relationships with people and pleasure with alcohol as well as difficulties with enduring stress without alcohol. However, participants who were abstinent from alcohol were satisfied with their new lifestyles, had new life values, and were respected by their family and others. Therefore, healthcare providers needed to understand abstinence experience to support people with alcohol use disorder who have passed through a difficult process of alcohol abstinence.
Alcohol Abstinence ; Alcoholics ; Alcoholism ; Health Personnel ; Humans ; Life Style ; Male ; Pleasure ; Qualitative Research

Penile hypersensitivity plays an important role in premature ejaculation (PE), but differences in penile sensitivity among subtypes of PE are unknown. Therefore, we compared penile sensory thresholds in PE subtypes of lifelong and acquired PE, PE with and without erectile dysfunction (ED), PE with an intravaginal ejaculation latency time ≤1 min and >1 min, and PE with and without orgasmic pleasure perceptual dysfunction. During August 2014 to January 2016, 136 patients with PE were included. Penile warm, cold, and vibratory thresholds were measured. Data of clinical characteristics, sexual life, Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (PEDT) score, and the 5-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) score were collected. Vibratory thresholds of the PE with ED group were higher in the right coronal sulcus (median amplitude: 4.92 vs 3.65 μ m, P = 0.02) and the right penile shaft (median amplitude: 3.87 vs 3.30 μ m, P = 0.03), while differences in penile sensory thresholds between other subtypes were not significant. The median PEDT score was lower in the PE without ED group (12 vs 14, P < 0.001). The IIEF-5 and PEDT scores were negatively correlated (r = -0.29, P < 0.001). Patients with orgasmic pleasure perceptual dysfunction had a lower median IIEF-5 score (20 vs 21, P = 0.02). Patients with PE and ED had lower penile sensitivity, and ED was associated with more severe symptoms and weaker orgasmic pleasure perception. In men with PE, management of comorbid ED is necessary. In case of side effects in erectile function, topical anesthetics should be cautiously used in men with PE and ED.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Ejaculation ; Erectile Dysfunction/physiopathology* ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Orgasm ; Penis/physiology* ; Physical Stimulation ; Pleasure ; Premature Ejaculation/physiopathology* ; Prospective Studies ; Sensory Thresholds ; Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological ; Sexuality ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Temperature ; Vibration ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe the lived experience of patients with heart transplantation in Korea. METHODS: Individual indepth interviews and a focus group interview were used to collect the data from nine patients who had heart transplantations in 2015. All interviews were audio-taped and verbatim transcripts were made for the analysis. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi's phenomenological method. RESULTS: Among the nine participants, eight were men. Mean age was 57.30 years. Six theme clusters emerged from the analysis. ‘Joy of rebirth obtained by good luck’ describes the pleasure and expectation of new life after narrow survival. ‘Suffering from adverse drug effects’ illustrates various psychosocial difficulties, such as low self-esteem, helplessness, alienation, and burnout, arising from the side effects of medications. ‘Body and mind of being bewildered’ illustrates disintegrated health and haunting fear of death. ‘Alienation disconnected with society’ describes isolated feeling of existence due to misunderstandings from society. ‘Suffering overcome with gratitude and responsibility’ includes overcoming experience through various social supports and suitable jobs. Finally, ‘acceptance of suffering accompanied with new heart’ illustrate changed perspective of life itself. CONCLUSION: The findings in this study provide deep understanding and insights of the lived experience of heart related illness for these patients and should help in the development of tailored-interventions for patients with heart transplantation.
Emigrants and Immigrants ; Focus Groups ; Heart Transplantation* ; Heart* ; Humans ; Korea ; Life Change Events ; Male ; Methods ; Organ Transplantation ; Pleasure ; Qualitative Research

OBJECTIVE: Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS) has recently been developed to improve measurement of negative symptoms in schizophrenia. We performed a multi-center study to validate the Korean version of the CAINS (CAINS-K) and explore potential cultural variation. METHODS: One hundred eighty schizophrenia patients diverse in demographic and illness profile were recruited from four centers in Korea. Along with the CAINS-K, the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS), a self-report measure of behavioral inhibition and activation (BIS/BAS) and neurocognitive tasks were administered to verify external validities. RESULTS: The CAINS-K showed high internal-consistency (0.92) and inter-rater reliability (0.77). Exploratory Factor Analysis replicated a two-factor structure of the original scale including motivation/pleasure and expression deficits dimensions. Korean patients tended to report lower pleasure compared to American patients in the prior study. The CAINS-K showed an adequate convergent validity with the SANS, negative symptoms of the BPRS, and BAS. A divergent validity was supported as the CAINS-K showed zero or only weak correlations with other symptoms of the BPRS, depression from the CDSS, and neurocognitive tasks. CONCLUSION: The CAINS-K demonstrated high internal consistency and adequate external validities, and is expected to promote studies on negative symptoms in Korean patients with schizophrenia.
Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale ; Depression ; Humans ; Korea ; Pleasure ; Schizophrenia

PURPOSE: This study aims to investigate the effects of an intervention of self-feeding for elderly residents who were eating with assistance or eating by himself/herself with spilling food. METHODS: The Participants were 11 elderly people and 6 formal caregivers from 7 nursing homes in Korea. The intervention was to use the spoon and chopstick sets designed for compensating the weakened eating function. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected through observation, structured questions, and in-depth interviews. RESULTS: The mealtime was significantly increased by 3.2 minutes (p=.011) after the intervention. Three themes were extracted for the meaning of self-feeding expressed by the elders; fighting alone for self-feeding, pride of participating in the study, and burden for self-feeding and research participation. Caregivers expressed the meaning of the elder's self-feeding such as the regret of missed chances, facilitating rehabilitation, the increase of the eating pleasure and quality of care, and ambivalence. CONCLUSION: Self-feeding has become an opportunity to recognize life values for the elders in nursing homes; for the caregivers, to reconsider caring of the elderly. Posture and eating utensils were also important to improve self-feeding skills.
Aged* ; Caregivers ; Cooking and Eating Utensils ; Eating ; Feeding Behavior ; Food Assistance ; Humans ; Korea ; Meals ; Nursing Homes* ; Nursing* ; Pleasure ; Posture ; Rehabilitation

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to clarify attributes, antecedents, and consequences of female sexual subjectivity. METHODS: Walker and Avant's concept analysis process was used to analyze 27 studies from the current literature that relates to female sexual subjectivity. A systematic literature review of women's study in sociology, psychology, theology, law, health science, and nursing was reviewed. RESULTS: The defining attributes of female sexual subjectivity were sexual self-awareness, sexual decision making, sexual desire, and good sexual communication with partner. The antecedents of female sexual subjectivity were social environment, sexual education, sexual experience, and interpersonal relationship. The consequences of female sexual subjectivity were safe sex, prevention of sexual victimization, and sexual satisfaction. CONCLUSION: Female sexual subjectivity is defined as sexual self-awareness, sexual decision making, sexual desire to seek sexual pleasure and safety, and effective communication with partner in terms of sexual behavior, sexual experience and sexual health. Based on these results, a scale measuring female sexual subjectivity is needed.
Crime Victims ; Decision Making ; Education ; Female* ; Humans ; Jurisprudence ; Methods* ; Nursing ; Orgasm ; Pleasure ; Psychology ; Reproductive Health ; Safe Sex ; Sexual Behavior ; Social Environment ; Sociology ; Theology ; Walkers*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the subjectivity of undergraduate students about happiness. METHODS: Q methodology, which scientifically measures individual subjectivity, was used. Thirty-four Q-statements selected from 40 participants were classified into a shape of normal distribution using a nine-point scale. The collected data were analyzed using a PQMethod PC program. RESULTS: Type I: Self-directed, growth-seeking type. This group of people searches for their objectives and direction in life while consistently making efforts to realize their goals. Type II: Oriental and wealth-seeking type. This group of people sympathizes with the oriental worldview and believes in having luck such as wealth or health. Type III: Realistic and pleasure-seeking type. This group of people tries to think positively but while rooted in reality, searches for pleasure and satisfaction in their surroundings. Type IV: Altruistic and relationship-seeking type. This group of people stresses the importance of religious life, small happiness in life, and relationship with friends or neighbors. CONCLUSION: The results of this study provide the foundation for understanding college students' perception about their happiness. Furthermore, these results suggest the necessity of specific and integrated education to improve happiness.
Education ; Friends ; Happiness* ; Humans ; Pleasure