Objective: To investigate current use of oral anticoagulant (OAC) therapy and influencing factors among coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) in China. Methods: Results of this study derived from "China Atrial Fibrillation Registry Study", the study prospectively enrolled atrial fibrillation (AF) patients from 31 hospitals, and patients with valvular AF or treated with catheter ablation were excluded. Baseline data such as age, sex and type of atrial fibrillation were collected, and drug history, history of concomitant diseases, laboratory results and echocardiography results were recorded. CHA₂DS₂-VASc score and HAS-BLED score were calculated. The patients were followed up at the 3rd and 6th months after enrollment and every 6 months thereafter. Patients were divided according to whether they had coronary artery disease and whether they took OAC. Results: 11 067 NVAF patients fulfilling guideline criteria for OAC treatment were included in this study, including 1 837 patients with CAD. 95.4% of NVAF patients with CAD had CHA₂DS₂-VASc score≥2, and 59.7% of patients had HAS-BLED≥3, which was significantly higher than NVAF patients without CAD (P<0.001). Only 34.6% of NVAF patients with CAD were treated with OAC at enrollment. The proportion of HAS-BLED≥3 in the OAC group was significantly lower than in the no-OAC group (36.7% vs. 71.8%, P<0.001). After adjustment with multivariable logistic regression analysis, thromboembolism(OR=2.48,95%CI 1.50-4.10,P<0.001), left atrial diameter≥40 mm(OR=1.89,95%CI 1.23-2.91,P=0.004), stain use (OR=1.83,95%CI 1.01-3.03, P=0.020) and β blocker use (OR=1.74,95%CI 1.13-2.68,P=0.012)were influence factors of OAC treatment. However, the influence factors of no-OAC use were female(OR=0.54,95%CI 0.34-0.86,P=0.001), HAS-BLED≥3 (OR=0.33,95%CI 0.19-0.57,P<0.001), and antiplatelet drug(OR=0.04,95%CI 0.03-0.07,P<0.001). Conclusion: The rate of OAC treatment in NVAF patients with CAD is still low and needs to be further improved. The training and assessment of medical personnel should be strengthened to improve the utilization rate of OAC in these patients.
Humans ; Female ; Male ; Atrial Fibrillation/drug therapy* ; Coronary Artery Disease/complications* ; Anticoagulants/therapeutic use* ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/therapeutic use* ; Risk Factors ; China ; Administration, Oral ; Stroke

BACKGROUND: Resveratrol has been shown to inhibit platelet aggregation. However, the mechanism for this action of resveratrol remains to be clarified. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the Ca METHODS: Ca RESULTS: Thapsigargin-induced Ca CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that resveratrol inhibits thrombin-induced platelet aggregation through decreasing Ca
Antioxidants/administration & dosage* ; Calcium/physiology* ; Humans ; Platelet Aggregation/drug effects* ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/pharmacology* ; Resveratrol/pharmacology* ; Signal Transduction/drug effects*

MASSAGE has been recommended to more people as an adjunct to health care. We illustrate a case of vertebral artery dissection (VAD) probably caused by massage that almost resulted in the patient's death. The patient experienced sudden cardiac arrest and paralysis. After treatment with anticoagulation and antiplatelet, he finally discharged without any sequelae.
Anticoagulants ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Male ; Massage ; adverse effects ; Middle Aged ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; administration & dosage ; Vertebral Artery Dissection ; drug therapy ; etiology

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Newer P2Y12 inhibitors, such as prasugrel and ticagrelor, have greater antiplatelet efficacy but may increase the risk of bleeding. In this study, we compared the pharmacodynamic efficacy of prasugrel and ticagrelor in East Asian patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). METHODS: We selected 83 ACS patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention who were discharged with 90 mg ticagrelor twice daily (n = 24), 10 mg prasugrel daily (n = 39) or 5 mg prasugrel daily (n = 20). After 2 to 4 weeks, on-treatment platelet reactivity (OPR) was assessed in terms of P2Y12 reaction units (PRUs) using the VerifyNow P2Y12 assay (Accumetrics). We compared East Asian (85 < PRU < or = 275) and Caucasian (85 < PRU < or = 208) criteria for assessing the therapeutic window of OPR. RESULTS: OPR was lowest in the ticagrelor group, followed by the 10 mg prasugrel and 5 mg prasugrel groups (49.1 ± 29.9 vs. 83.7 ± 57.1 vs. 168.5 ± 60.8, respectively; p < 0.001). The 5 mg prasugrel group had the highest proportion of patients with OPR values within the therapeutic window, followed by the 10 mg prasugrel and ticagrelor groups (90.0% vs. 46.2% vs. 12.5%, respectively; p < 0.001 for East Asian criteria; 60.0% vs. 43.6% vs. 12.5%, respectively; p < 0.001 for Caucasian criteria). CONCLUSIONS: Short-term administration of 5 mg prasugrel facilitated maintenance within the therapeutic window of OPR compared with the 10 mg prasugrel and ticagrelor groups. Thus, 5 mg prasugrel daily may be the optimal antiplatelet regimen for stabilized East Asian ACS patients.
Acute Coronary Syndrome/blood/diagnosis/ethnology/*therapy ; Adenosine/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Aged ; *Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Blood Platelets/*drug effects/metabolism ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Drug Monitoring/methods ; European Continental Ancestry Group ; Female ; Hemorrhage/chemically induced ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Percutaneous Coronary Intervention/adverse effects ; Pilot Projects ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/administration & dosage/adverse effects ; Platelet Function Tests ; Prasugrel Hydrochloride/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*pharmacology ; Purinergic P2Y Receptor Antagonists/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*pharmacology ; Receptors, Purinergic P2Y12/blood/*drug effects ; Republic of Korea ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of anagrelide in essential thrombocythemia (ET).

METHODSPatients who diagnosed as ET according to the World Health Organization classification were enrolled. Each patient was assigned to take anagrelide hydrochloride capsule or hydroxyurea tablet by random 1∶1 ratio. Dose of anagrelide started at 2 mg/d, then increased gradually and the maximum dose was 10 mg/d until the platelet counts dropped to (100-400) × 10⁹/L, one month later gradually reduced to maintain dose. The dose of hydroxyurea was 1000 mg/d at beginning, then increased gradually, when platelet counts dropped to (100-400)×10⁹/L and kept for one month, reduced to maintain dose as 10 mg·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹. The observation period was 12 weeks.

RESULTSA total of 222 patients were enrolled in seventeen centers (including 113 patients treated with anagrelide and 109 with hydroxyurea). Therapy efficacy can be evaluated in 198 patients (including 97 patients administered with anagrelide and 101 with hydroxyurea). At 12th weeks of therapy, the hematologic remission rate was 87.63% (85/97) in anagrelide group and 88.12% (89/107) in hydroxyurea group, the differences between the two groups were not significant (P=0.173). Treatment with anagrelide lowered the platelet counts by a median of 393 (362-1 339) × 10⁹/L from a median of 827 (562-1657) × 109/L at the beginning of the observation to 400(127-1130)×10⁹/L after 12 weeks (P<0.001), which were similar to the treatment result of hydroxyurea by a median drop of 398 (597-1846)× 10⁹/L (P=0.982). The median time to achieving response of anagrelide group was 7 (3-14) days, superior to that of hydroxyurea for 21 (14-28) significantly (P=0.003). Frequency of anagrelide related adverse events was 65.49 % (74/113), including cardiopalmus (36.28% ), headache (21.24% ), fatigue (14.16% ) and dizzy (11.50% ).

CONCLUSIONAnagrelide was effective in patients with ET which had similar hematologic remission rate to hydroxyurea and could take effect more quickly than hydroxyurea. Incidence of adverse events was undifferentiated between anagrelide and hydroxyurea, but anagrelide treatment had tolerable adverse effects and no hematologic toxicity.

Humans ; Hydroxyurea ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Platelet Count ; Quinazolines ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Thrombocythemia, Essential ; drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome

The present study was designed to determine the effects of puerarin pre-treatment on the pharmacokinetics of the oral anticoagulant agent warfarin and the antiplatelet agent clopidogrel in rats. In the treatment group, rats was gavaged with warfarin or clopidogrel after repeated treatment with puerarin at intraperitoneal doses of 20, 60, or 200 mg·kg(-1) for 7 days, while rats in the control group were administrated only with the same dose warfarin or clopidogrel. Plasma samples were obtained at the prescribed times and analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The results showed that rats treated with puerarin at all the test doses of 20, 60 and 200 mg·kg(-1) were found to affect the pharmacokinetics of warfarin, but not clopidogrel, suggesting a potential herb-drug interaction between puerarin and warfarin.
Animals ; Anticoagulants ; pharmacokinetics ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Clopidogrel ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Herb-Drug Interactions ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Isoflavones ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Male ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; pharmacokinetics ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Ticlopidine ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacokinetics ; Vasodilator Agents ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Warfarin ; pharmacokinetics

INTRODUCTIONThere are growing concerns that the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) may be inappropriate in instances that do not conform to evidence-based indications. This point-prevalence study aimed to investigate the frequency, indications and appropriateness of use of PPIs in hospitalised patients on a randomly chosen day.

METHODSOn a randomly chosen day, all inpatients were documented, and those on any form of PPIs on that day were determined. Indications for maintaining these patients on PPIs were obtained from the electronic medical records, which were then recorded and cross-referenced against a list of accepted indications adapted from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved list.

RESULTSIn all, 1,025 inpatients were documented. Of the 477 (46.5%) inpatients using PPIs, only 219 (45.9%) fulfilled the FDA-approved indications, while the majority (n = 258, 54.1%) did not. Overall, PPIs were not strictly indicated for use in 206 (43.2%) inpatients, according to FDA criteria. Of the 477 inpatients on PPIs, 52 (10.9%) had borderline indications based on expert consensus/guidelines other than FDA criteria.

CONCLUSIONAlthough the use of PPIs is prevalent in hospitals, less than half of the hospitalised patients using PPIs in our study had evidence-based indications that supported such use. The overuse of PPIs has a negative impact on healthcare costs and may lead to adverse effects. Steps to curb the inappropriate use of PPIs should address factors such as indications for the initiation of PPIs, and reassessment of the need for ongoing PPI use in inpatients upon discharge and during outpatient reviews.

Anemia ; drug therapy ; Dyspepsia ; drug therapy ; Electronic Health Records ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Inappropriate Prescribing ; statistics & numerical data ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Prevalence ; Proton Pump Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Retrospective Studies ; Singapore ; Stomach Diseases ; drug therapy ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The diagnostic and therapeutic utility of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has been well demonstrated for biliary and pancreatic diseases. Biliary access can be allowed by infundibulotomy if failed by using the standard cannulation methods. However, no data are available regarding ERCP-related complications in patients taking antiplatelet agents who are undergoing infundibulotomy. Therefore, we aimed to assess the frequency of ERCP-related complications after infundibulotomy in patients taking antiplatelet agents. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study, and enrolled 835 patients who underwent ERCP at Pusan National University Hospital from January 2011 to December 2012. Seventy-two patients had been taking antiplatelet agents prior to the procedure. Patients were classified into two groups according to the utilization of infundibulotomy: 20 patients underwent infundibulotomy (group 1), and 52 patients did not undergo infundibulotomy (group 2). Complications after ERCP were defined as bleeding, post-ERCP pancreatitis, and perforation according to Cotton's criteria. RESULTS: Between group 1 and 2, there were no significant differences in baseline characteristics. ERCP was successfully performed in all cases. Clinically significant bleeding was observed in one patient in group 1 (5%, 1/20) versus none in group 2. Post-ERCP pancreatitis was observed in 2 patients (10.0%, 2/20) in group 1, and 7 patients (13.5%, 7/52) in group 2 (p=0.691). However, none of these differences were statistically significant. No perforation occurred in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the low incidence of bleeding after infundibulotomy in patients taking antiplatelet agents, infundibulotomy may be safely performed in this group of patients.
Aged ; *Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde/adverse effects ; Female ; Hemorrhage/etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pancreatitis/etiology ; Pituitary Gland/*surgery ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/administration & dosage/*adverse effects ; Retrospective Studies ; Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic

PURPOSE: Whether addition of cilostazol is superior to increasing dose of clopidogrel in patients with hyporesponsiveness to chronic clopidogrel therapy is unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 73 patients with hyporesponsiveness to clopidogrel on standard dual antiplatelet therapy for more than 2 weeks. Clopidogrel hyporesponsiveness was defined as percent inhibition of P2Y12 reaction units (PRU) <30% on VerifyNow P2Y12 assay. Patients were randomly assigned to increased dose of clopidogrel (aspirin 100 mg+clopidogrel 150 mg daily: group A, n=38) or to receiving additional cilostazol (aspirin 100 mg+clopidogrel 75 mg+cilostazol 100 mg bid daily: group B, n=35). RESULTS: Baseline percent inhibition of PRU and PRU was similar between 2 groups (13.0+/-10.2% versus 11.8+/-9.7%, p=0.61, and 286.3+/-54.7 versus 295.7+/-53.7, p=0.44, respectively). At follow-up, percent inhibition of PRU was higher and PRU was lower significantly in group B than in group A (38.5+/-17.9% versus 28.3+/-16.6%, p=0.02, and 207.3+/-68.2 versus 241.3+/-76.7, p=0.050, respectively). Among those still showing hyporesponsiveness to clopidogrel at follow-up (21 patients in group A, 10 patients in group B), 12 patients completed further crossover study. Compared to the baseline, magnitude of change in percent inhibition of PRU and PRU showed an improved tendency after the crossover (from 2.7+/-8.7% to 15.8+/-18.4%, p=0.08, and from -18.6+/-58.0 to -61.9+/-84.3, p=0.08). CONCLUSION: Adjunctive cilostazol improved clopidogrel responsiveness better than the higher maintenance dose of clopidogrel in hyporesponsive patients with chronic clopidogrel therapy.
Adult ; Aged ; Blood Platelets/drug effects ; Cross-Over Studies ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/*administration & dosage ; Prospective Studies ; Receptors, Purinergic P2Y12/metabolism ; Tetrazoles/*administration & dosage ; Thrombosis/drug therapy ; Ticlopidine/administration & dosage/*analogs & derivatives ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to find an optimal range of activated clotting time (ACT) during off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery (OPCAB) yielding ischemic protection without the risk of hemorrhagic complications in patients with recent exposure to dual antiplatelet therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three hundred and five patients who received aspirin and clopidogrel within 7 days of isolated multi-vessel OPCAB were retrospectively studied. Combined hemorrhagic and ischemic outcome was defined as the occurrence of 1 of the following: significant perioperative bleeding (>30% of estimated blood volume), transfusion of packed red blood cell (pRBC) > or =2 U, or myocardial infarction (MI). This was compared in relation to the tertile distribution of the time-weighted average ACT-212-291 sec (first tertile), 292-334 sec (second tertile), 335-485 sec (third tertile). RESULTS: The amount of perioperative blood loss was 937+/-313 mL, 1014+/-340 mL, and 1076+/-383 mL, respectively (p=0.022). Significantly more patients in the third tertile developed MI (4%, 4%, and 12%, respectively, p=0.034). The incidence of significant perioperative blood loss and transfusion of pRBC > or =2 U were lower in the first tertile than those of other tertiles without statistical significance. In the multivariate analysis, the first tertile was associated with a 52% risk reduction of combined hemorrhagic and ischemic outcomes (95% confidence interval: 0.25-0.92, p=0.027). CONCLUSION: A lower degree of anticoagulation with a reduced initial heparin loading dose should be carefully considered for patients undergoing OPCAB who have recently been exposed to clopidogrel.
Age Factors ; Aged ; Anastomosis, Surgical ; Blood Loss, Surgical/prevention & control ; Blood Transfusion ; *Coronary Artery Bypass, Off-Pump ; Female ; Heparin/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Intraoperative Complications ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Myocardial Infarction/etiology/prevention & control ; Perioperative Period ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use ; Premedication ; Reference Values ; Retrospective Studies ; Sex Factors ; Ticlopidine/administration & dosage/*analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use ; Whole Blood Coagulation Time