Extramedullary plasma cell tumor (EMP) is a kind of plasma cell tumor, and its pathogenesis is not completely clear. According to whether it is independent of myeloma disease, it can be divided into primary and secondary EMP, which have different biological and clinical characteristics. Primary EMP has low invasion, fewer cytogenetic and molecular genetic abnormalities and good prognosis, and surgery and / or radiotherapy are the mainly treatments. Secondary EMP, as the extramedullary invasive progression of multiple myeloma (MM), is often accompanied by high-risk cellular and molecular genetic abnormalities and poor prognosis, chemotherapy, immunotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are the mainly treatment. This paper reviews the latest research progress of EMP in the pathogenesis, cytogenetics molecular genetics and treatment, so as to provide reference for clinical work.
Humans ; Plasmacytoma/surgery* ; Prognosis ; Multiple Myeloma/genetics* ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Humans ; Kidney/pathology* ; Plasmacytoma/pathology*

Objective: To explore the clinical characteristics, treatment methods and outcomes of extramedullary plasmacytoma of the head and neck. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 10 cases with extramedullary plasmacytoma of the head and neck who were admitted to Henan Tumor Hospital from January 2005 to January 2020. Among the 10 patients, 6 were male and 4 were female. The average age at diagnosis was 56.3 years old (34-74 years old). Among them, 3 cases were located in the nasal cavity, 2 cases in the nasopharynx, 1 case in the sinuses, 2 cases in the larynx, 1 case in the oropharynx, and 1 case in the cervical lymph nodes. Treatments were administered according to tumor size and resection extent. Complete surgical excision (negative margins) was preferred, followed by adjuvant radiotherapy or radiotherapy alone. The clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of EMP were analyzed. Results: The patients' symptoms were not specific, frequently with local obstruction symptom and localized masses. All patients were confirmed pathologically as suffering from monoclonal plasmacytoma, with negative bone marrow biopsy and negative skeletal survey. Five patients received surgery, 3 received radiotherapy, and 2 received surgery with additional radiation. The follow-up time was 16-125 months, with a median of 92 months. Two patients developed into multiple myeloma. One patient who received radiotherapy after surgery relapsed after 7 years of follow-up and again received surgical treatment, with no evidence of second recurrence. The remaining patients had no recurrence or progression. Conclusion: Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the head and neck has a good prognosis. Surgical treatment can be considered for completely resectable lesions.
Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Head and Neck Neoplasms/therapy* ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Myeloma/pathology* ; Plasmacytoma/surgery* ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies

Plasmacytoma is a rare disease entity that represents only 5%‒10% of all plasma cell neoplasms. It is rarely found in the female genital tract. There are 8 identified case reports on plasmacytoma of the cervix. The clinical symptoms are nonspecific and biopsy with immunohistochemistry is used to diagnose. Due to the paucity of cases, there is no standard treatment modality. We present a case of a 34-year-old patient who had a history of postcoital bleeding. Biopsy and immunohistochemistry were done which confirmed the diagnosis of plasmacytoma. Total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingectomy with transposition of ovaries was the chosen treatment option.
Plasmacytoma ; Cervix Uteri

BACKGROUND: Myocardial infarction occurs due to insufficient (ischemia) blood supply to heart for long time; plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) is a long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including heart disease; However, few studies have explored its role. The present study evaluated the effects of lncRNA PVT1 on hypoxic rat H9c2 cells. METHODS: Hypoxic injury was examined by measuring cell viability and apoptosis by using cell counting kit-8 activity and flow cytometry assays. Gene expressions after hypoxia were estimated by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction and the signaling pathway were explored by Western blot analysis. RNA immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays were applied to examine the interactions among genes. Data were analyzed using t-test with one-way or two-way analysis of variance. RESULTS: The lncRNA PVT1 is up-regulated in hypoxia-stressed H9c2 cells and knockdown of PVT1 mitigates hypoxia-induced injury in H9c2 cells. PVT1 acts as a sponge for miR-135a-5p and knockdown of PVT1 attenuated the increased hypoxia-induced injury by up-regulating miR-135a-5p. Forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) was identified as a target of miR-135a-5p, and the expression was negatively regulated by miR-135a-5p. The exploration of the underlying mechanism demonstrated that knockdown of FOXO1 reversed PVT1/miR-135a-5p mediated hypoxia-induced injury in H9c2 cells. CONCLUSIONS PVT1 plays a crucial role in hypoxia-injured H9c2 cells through sponging miR-135a-5p and then positively regulating FOXO1.
Animals ; Hypoxia ; MicroRNAs/genetics* ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; Plasmacytoma ; RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics* ; Rats

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to review the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of benign and malignant nasal septal tumors. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 34 patients who underwent the treatment for nasal septal tumor between 2004 and 2015 were included in this study. Demographic characteristics, sinonasal chief complaints, size and localization of nasal septal tumor, imaging findings, surgical method, histopathologic results, treatment outcomes, and postoperative complications were reviewed. RESULTS: Of the 34 patients with nasal septal tumor used in this study, 22 (64.7%) had benign tumors and 12 (35.3%) had malignant tumors. The most common sinonasal complaint of both benign and malignant nasal septal tumors was nasal obstruction. The most common benign tumor was inverted papilloma (n=7), whereas the most common malignant tumors were malignant melanoma (n=2), plasmacytoma (n=2), and metastatic carcinoma (n=2). All patients except two cases underwent endoscopic tumor removal. There were 4 recurrences in malignant nasal septal tumors. There was no recurrence in benign tumors. No major complications resulting from surgical intervention were found. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic surgery with complete excision is a safe and effective procedure for benign nasal septal tumors. Recurrence is more common in malignant nasal septal tumor. Therefore, long term follow-ups with regular radiologic and endoscopic examinations are necessary for patients with malignant nasal septal tumor.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Melanoma ; Methods ; Nasal Obstruction ; Nasal Septum ; Papilloma, Inverted ; Plasmacytoma ; Postoperative Complications ; Radiotherapy ; Recurrence

B-Lymphocytes ; Bone Neoplasms ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Lymphocytosis ; Plasmacytoma

Osseointegrated implants are now commonplace in contemporary dentistry. However, a number of complications can occur around dental implants, including peri-implantitis, maxillary sinusitis, osteomyelitis, and neoplasms. There have been several reports of a malignant neoplasm occurring adjacent to a dental implant. In this report, we describe 2 such cases. One case was that of a 75-year-old man with no previous history of malignant disease who developed a solitary plasmacytoma around a dental implant in the left posterior mandible, and the other was that of a 43-year-old man who was diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma adjacent to a dental implant in the right posterior mandible. Our experiences with these 2 cases suggest the possibility of a relationship between implant treatment and an inflammatory cofactor that might increase the risk of development of a malignant neoplasm.
Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Dental Implants ; Dentistry ; Humans ; Mandible ; Maxillary Sinus ; Maxillary Sinusitis ; Mouth Neoplasms ; Osteomyelitis ; Peri-Implantitis ; Plasmacytoma

Primary cutaneous plasmacytoma (PCP) is a very rare cutaneous B-cell lymphoma that arises primarily in the skin. A few cases of PCP have been reported previously. PCPs are histologically similar to cutaneous B-cell lymphoma and are characterized by dense monoclonal plasma cell infiltration in the dermis. PCP can manifest as a single lesion or as multiple lesions. A solitary lesion can be treated with surgical excision or local radiotherapy. We describe the case of a patient with primary cutaneous plasmacytoma that was treated with intralesional steroid injections.
Dermis ; Humans ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; Plasma Cells ; Plasmacytoma* ; Radiotherapy ; Skin

BACKGROUND: The complication rate of fungal disease is higher among patients with hematological malignancies. We investigated the clinicobacteriological outcomes of resected pulmonary fungal infections complicating hematological malignancies. METHODS: Between 2001 and 2017, 21 patients with pulmonary fungal infections complicating hematological malignancies underwent resection, and their clinical records and survival were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: The median age of the patients was 47 years, and 13 were male. The histological diagnoses were pulmonary aspergillosis (19 cases), mucormycosis (1 case), and cryptococcosis (1 case). The indications for surgery were resistance to antifungal therapy and the necessity of surgery before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in 13 and 8 cases, respectively. The diagnoses of the hematological malignancies were acute myelogenous leukemia (10 cases), acute lymphocytic leukemia (5 cases), myelodysplastic syndrome (3 cases), and chronic myelogenous leukemia, malignant lymphoma, and extramedullary plasmacytoma (1 case each). The surgical procedures were partial resection (11 cases), segmentectomy (5 cases), lobectomy (4 cases), and cavernostomy (1 case). The size of the lesions was 0.9–8.5 cm. Fourteen cases had cavitation. There were no surgical-related deaths or fungal progression. CONCLUSION: Pulmonary fungal infections are resistant to treatments for hematological malignancies. Since the treatment of the underlying disease is extended and these infections often recur and are exacerbated, surgery should be considered when possible.
Cryptococcosis ; Diagnosis ; Hematologic Neoplasms* ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; Lung Diseases, Fungal* ; Lymphoma ; Male ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; Mucormycosis ; Mycoses ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; Plasmacytoma ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; Pulmonary Aspergillosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Thoracic Surgery