The subcortical visual pathway is generally thought to be involved in dangerous information processing, such as fear processing and defensive behavior. A recent study, published in Human Brain Mapping, shows a new function of the subcortical pathway involved in the fast processing of non-emotional object perception. Rapid object processing is a critical function of visual system. Topological perception theory proposes that the initial perception of objects begins with the extraction of topological property (TP). However, the mechanism of rapid TP processing remains unclear. The researchers investigated the subcortical mechanism of TP processing with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). They find that a subcortical magnocellular pathway is responsible for the early processing of TP, and this subcortical processing of TP accelerates object recognition. Based on their findings, we propose a novel training approach called subcortical magnocellular pathway training (SMPT), aimed at improving the efficiency of the subcortical M pathway to restore visual and attentional functions in disorders associated with subcortical pathway dysfunction.

Background Environmental metal exposure is closely associated with the onset and progression of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in the elderly. Effectively identifying hazardous metal exposure and assessing their interaction effects have significant public health implications. Objective To explore the relationship between urinary single metal and metal mixture exposure and MCI in elderly compound residents. Methods This study included 391 elderly individuals aged 60 and above from residential compounds in Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province. Concentrations of iron (Fe), copper (Cu), selenium (Se), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), vanadium (V), cobalt (Co), antimony (Sb), thallium (Tl), zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) in urine were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cognitive function in the elderly was assessed using the Chinese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Logistic regression was used to explore the relationship between single metal exposure level and MCI. LASSO regression and multi-metal logistic regression models were used to identify key metal ions associated with MCI. Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) was employed to analyze the relationship between key metal ion mixtures and MCI, as well as the interactions between metals. Age, gender, education level, occupation, and body mass index were adjusted as covariates. Results A total of 78 among the 391 elderly individuals surveyed (19.94%) were diagnosed with MCI (MCI group), and the other 313 individuals were controls. The levels of Se, Cd, Mn, and As in the urine of the MCI group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). In the single-metal model, after adjusting for covariates and using the first quartile (Q₁) of each metal concentration as the reference, the OR for MCI in the elderly in the Q₄ group of Se was 2.190 (95%CI: 1.017, 4.716); for Cd, the OR was 2.345 (95%CI: 1.041, 5.283) in the Q₃ group and 2.371 (95%CI: 1.043, 5.393) in the Q₄ group; for Mn, the OR was 2.355 (95%CI: 1.038, 5.344) in the Q₂ group; for As, the OR was 3.377 (95%CI: 1.442, 7.908) in the Q₃ group and 2.886 (95%CI: 1.227, 6.788) in the Q₄ group; for Sb, the OR was 2.779 (95%CI: 1.234, 6.257) in the Q₂ group. When urinary metal concentrations were ln-transformed and included as continuous variables in the single-metal model, Cd concentration was positively correlated with MCI (OR=1.377; 95%CI: 1.008, 1.882; P=0.044). Cd, Se, Mg, Ca, Mn, As, Cr, Co, Tl, and Sb were selected by the LASSO regression model and included in the multi-metal model. In the multi-metal model, compared with Q₁, the OR for MCI in the elderly was 0.395 (95%CI: 0.164, 0.953) in the Q₂ group of Co and 0.390(95%CI: 0.167，0.911) in the Q₃ group of Co; for Mn, the OR in the Q₂ group was 2.636 (95%CI: 1.053, 6.596); for Sb, the OR in the Q₂ group was 2.640 (95%CI: 1.047, 6.658). As continuous variables, Mg (OR=0.472; 95%CI: 0.248, 0.899; P=0.022) and Co (OR=0.857; 95%CI: 0.737, 0.996; P=0.044) concentrations were negatively correlated with MCI. The BKMR mixture analysis suggested that Mg and Co exhibited a synergistic negative correlation with MCI, while Mn and Sb exhibited a synergistic positive correlation with MCI. Mg and Co attenuated the positive correlation of Mn and Sb with MCI, whereas Mn weakened the protective effects of Mg and Co. Conclusion Elevated levels of Se, Cd, As, Mn, and Sb in urine may increase the risk of MCI in the elderly, while Mg and Co have protective effects. Potential synergistic or antagonistic interactions may be found among Mn, Sb, Mg, and Co, which should not be overlooked in terms of their impact on the cognitive function of the elderly.

BackgroundDementia seriously affects the quality of life and lifespan of elderly people， with Alzheimer's disease （AD） being the most common type of dementia. Previous studies have suggested that gout may reduce the risk of developing AD， but the causal relationship between the two still requires further research. ObjectiveTo investigate the potential causal relationship between gout and AD through a two-sample Mendelian randomization （MR） analysis， so as to provide references for the prevention and treatment of AD. MethodsData from Genome-Wide Association Studies （GWAS） extracted in 2024 were analyzed， using pooled data on gout （6 810 cases in the case group and 477 788 cases in the control group） published by UK Biobank in 2021 as the exposure variable， and data on AD （3 899 cases in the case group and 214 893 cases in the control group） published by FinnGen in the same year as the outcome variable. The inverse-variance weighted， MR-Egger regression， weighted median estimation， simple model and weighted model were used to analyze the potential causal relationship between gout and AD. Pleiotropic effects were assessed using MR-Egger regression. Heterogeneity assessment was conducted using Cochran's Q test. The leave-one-out analysis was carried out for sensitivity analysis. And a funnel plot was drawn to detect potential publication bias. ResultsThe inverse-variance weighted analysis demonstrated a negative causal relationship between gout and AD （OR=0.004， 95% CI： 0~0.700， P<0.05）. The plot resembled a symmetrical inversed funnel， indicating the absence of publication bias. No heterogeneity was detected by Cochran's Q test. The MR-Egger regression indicated no significant horizontal pleiotropy. Concerning the reverse directions， no significant associations between AD and gout were noted. ConclusionThere is a negative causal relationship between gout and AD， with gout potentially reducing the risk of developing AD. ［Funded by The Third Batch of Social Welfare and Basic Research Projects （Medical and Health） of Zhongshan City in 2022 （number， 2022B3017）］

Objective: To explore the influencing factors of role adaptation of college freshmen, so as to provide empirical support for developing adaptive education in college. Methods: A cluster sampling method was used to select 3 126 freshmen from six universities of Hefei City and Wuhu City in Anhui Province in October 2022, who were investigated with Positive Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PPQ), Freshmen s Role Adaptability Scale, Connor Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and Life Satisfaction Scale. Independent sample t-test and oneway ANOVA were used to compare the scores (caverage score of items) of various variables of college freshmen with different demographic characteristics. Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were conducted to analyze the correlation. Results: There were statistically significant differences in scores of psychological capital, resilience, life satisfaction and role adaptation among college freshmen of different origin (large and mediumsized cities: ３.６３± ０.５４，３.７３±０.６４，３.４７±０.８０，３.１４±０.６５；county level city or county seat:３.５７±０.５２，３.６１±０.６３，３.３５±０.７５，３.０９±０.６３；villages and towns:３.５０±０.５０，３.５４±０.５８，３.２３±０.７５，３.０６±０.６０), whether in class committee (yes:３.６３±０.５２，３.６９±０.６０，３.４０± ０.７６ ，３.１８±０.５９； no:３.４３±０.５０，３.４８±０.６４，３.２５±０.７７，２.９３±０.６５), father s education level (junior high school or below:３.５２± ０.５１ ，３.５７±０.６１，３.２７±０.７５，３.０７±０.６１； senior high school or technical secondary school:３.６２±０.５３，３.６８±０.６３，３.４４±０.７８，３.１２±０.６３；junior college or above:３.６８±０.５６，３.７８±０.６４，３.５７±０.８０，３.１９±０.６８)，mother s education level(junior high school or below:３.５３±０.５１，３.５８±０.６１，３.２８±０.７５，３.０６±０.６０；senior high school or technical secondary school:３.６３±０.５５，３.７０±０.６３，３.４８±０.７８，３.１５±０.６６；junior college or above:３.７２±０.５４，３.８６±０.６５，３.６２±０.８３，３.２７±０.７０) ( F / t =11.89,21.89,23.02,3.83；10.08，9.20， 5.20 ，10.63；19.34，20.76，29.52，6.44；22.51，26.79，30.94，13.92， P <0.05). The differences of scores in resilience and role adaptation of different genders (boys:3.66±0.64, 3.12±0.65; girls:3.56±0.59, 3.05±0.58) and in life satisfaction whether being an only child (yes:3.40±0.79; no:3.33±0.76) among college freshmen were statistically significant ( t =4.51, 2.75, 2.35, P <0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that psychological capital, resilience and life satisfaction of college freshmen were positively correlated with role adaptation ( r =0.49, 0.49, 0.36), while psychological capital, resilience and role adaptation were positively correlated ( r =0.60, 0.59) and Psychological capital was positively correlated with resistance ( r =0.81)( P <0.01). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that gender, whether in class committee, psychological capital, resilience and life satisfaction were positively associated with role adaptation among college freshmen ( R 2=0.28, β =0.04, 0.10, 0.23, 0.26, 0.07， P <0.05). Conclusions Role adaptation of college freshmen is related with psychological capital, resilience and life satisfaction. Schools should strengthen mental health education to promote smooth role transition for college freshmen.

OBJECTIVE To provide reference for clinically safe drug use by mining oxaliplatin-related adverse drug events （ADE） of the nervous system. METHODS Oxaliplatin-related neurologic ADE data reported by the FDA adverse event reporting system （FAERS） between January 1st， 2004 and December 31st， 2022 were collected. The reporting odds ratio and proportional reporting ratio were used for data mining. The data were classified statistically by using systematic organ classification， high-level group term （HLGT） and preferred term （PT） in the MedDRA （version 26.0）. RESULTS A total of 7 266 cases of oxaliplatin- related ADE， which were classified as various neurological， were retrieved， and 100 PT were identified. Of these， fifty-seven PT were unspecified adverse reaction signals in the manual. Among these reports， males （46.85%） were more than females （42.98%）， the age of patients was 45-＜75 years （65.22%）， the number of reports was highest in Italy （16.32%）， and the severe type was hospitalization or prolonged hospitalization （38.16%）. The top 5 PT reports in the list of case number were peripheral neuropathy， paresthesia， neurotoxicity， loss of consciousness and dysarthria. The top 5 PT reports in the list of signal intensities were cold- induced paresthesia， neuromuscular rigidity， acute polyneuropathy， neuronal neuropathy， axonal and demyelinating polyneuropathy. A total of 13 HLGT were involved， with neurological diseases （not classified separately） having the highest number of signals （29）. CONCLUSIONS When using oxaliplatin in clinical practice， it is not only necessary to monitor the high incidence of acute and chronic peripheral neuropathy， but also to pay attention to the patient’s consciousness state and neurological symptoms. We should pay attention to the rare types of adverse reactions， such as guillain-barre syndrome， Lhermitte sign， posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome， and hyperammoniacal encephalopathy， so as to ensure the safety of medication.

Objective:To investigate the clinical value of abdominal adipose volume in predicting early tumor recurrence after resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods:The retrospective case-control study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 132 HCC patients with tumor diameter ≤5 cm who were admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University from December 2017 to October 2019 were collected. There were 110 males and 22 females, aged (51±4)years. All patients underwent resection of HCC. Preoperative computer tomography scanning was performed and the visceral and subcutaneous fats of patients were quantified using the Mimics Research 21.0 software. Based on time to postoperative tumor recurrence patients were divided to two categories: early recurrence and non-early recurrence. Observation indicators: (1) consistency analy-sis; (2) analysis of factors influencing early tumor recurrence after resection of HCC and construction of prediction model. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and comparison between groups was conducted using the t test. Measurement data with skewed distribu-tion were represented as M( Q1,Q3) or M(range), and comparison between groups was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test. Count data were expressed as absolute numbers, and comparison between groups was conducted using the chi-square test or Fisher exact probability. Consistency analysis was conducted using the intragroup correlation coefficient (ICC) test. Multivariate analysis was performed using the binary Logistic regression model forward method. Independent risk factors influencing early tumor recurrence after resection of HCC were screened. The area under curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was applied to select the optimal cut-off value to classify high and low risks of recurrence. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw survival curve and calculate survival time. The Log-Rank test was used for survival analysis. Results:(1) Consistency analysis. The consistency ICC of abdominal fat parameters of visceral fat volume (VFV), subcutaneous fat volume, visceral fat area, and subcutaneous fat area measured by 2 radiologists were 0.84, 1.00, 0.86, and 0.94, respectively. (2) Analysis of factors influencing early tumor recurr-ence after resection of HCC and construction of prediction model. All 132 patients were followed up after surgery for 662(range, 292-1 111)days. During the follow-up, there were 52 patients with non-early recurrence and 80 patients with early recurrence. Results of multivariate analysis showed that VFV was an independent factor influencing early tumor recurrence after resection of HCC ( odds ratio=4.07, 95% confidence interval as 2.27-7.27, P<0.05). The AUC of ROC curve based on VFV was 0.78 (95% confidence interval as 0.70-0.85), and the sensitivity and specificity were 72.2 % and 77.4 %, respectively. The optimal cut-off value of VFV was 1.255 dm 3, and all 132 patients were divided into the high-risk early postoperative recurrence group of 69 cases with VFV >1.255 dm 3, and the low-risk early postoperative recurrence group of 63 cases with VFV ≤1.255 dm 3. The disease-free survival time of the high-risk early postoperative recurrence group and the low-risk early post-operative recurrence group were 414(193,702)days and 1 047(620,1 219)days, showing a significant difference between them ( χ2=31.17, P<0.05). Conclusions:VFV is an independent factor influen-cing early tumor recurrence of HCC after resection. As a quantitative indicator of abdominal fat, it can predict the prognosis of HCC patients.

Objective:To report the results of national surveillance on the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profile of clinical Gram-negative bacteria isolates from bloodstream infections in China in 2022.Methods:The clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacteria from blood cultures in member hospitals of national bloodstream infection Bacterial Resistant Investigation Collaborative System（BRICS）were collected during January 2022 to December 2022. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted by agar dilution or broth dilution methods recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute（CLSI）. WHONET 5.6 and SPSS 25.0 software were used to analyze the data.Results:During the study period，9 035 strains of Gram-negative bacteria were collected from 51 hospitals，of which 7 895（87.4%）were Enterobacteriaceae and 1 140（12.6%）were non-fermenting bacteria. The top 5 bacterial species were Escherichia coli（ n=4 510，49.9%）， Klebsiella pneumoniae（ n=2 340，25.9%）， Pseudomonas aeruginosa（ n=534，5.9%）， Acinetobacter baumannii complex（ n=405，4.5%）and Enterobacter cloacae（ n=327，3.6%）. The ESBLs-producing rates in Escherichia coli， Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus spp. were 47.1%（2 095/4 452），21.0%（427/2 033）and 41.1%（58/141），respectively. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli（CREC）and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae（CRKP）were 1.3%（58/4 510）and 13.1%（307/2 340）；62.1%（36/58）and 9.8%（30/307）of CREC and CRKP were resistant to ceftazidime/avibactam combination，respectively. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii（CRAB）complex was 59.5%（241/405），while less than 5% of Acinetobacter baumannii complex was resistant to tigecycline and polymyxin B. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa（CRPA）was 18.4%（98/534）. There were differences in the composition ratio of Gram-negative bacteria in bloodstream infections and the prevalence of main Gram-negative bacteria resistance among different regions，with statistically significant differences in the prevalence of CRKP and CRPA（ χ2=20.489 and 20.252， P<0.001）. The prevalence of CREC，CRKP，CRPA，CRAB，ESBLs-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were higher in provinicial hospitals than those in municipal hospitals（ χ2=11.953，81.183，10.404，5.915，12.415 and 6.459， P<0.01 or <0.05），while the prevalence of CRPA was higher in economically developed regions（per capita GDP ≥ 92 059 Yuan）than that in economically less-developed regions（per capita GDP <92 059 Yuan）（ χ2=6.240， P=0.012）. Conclusions:The proportion of Gram-negative bacteria in bloodstream infections shows an increasing trend，and Escherichia coli is ranked in the top，while the trend of CRKP decreases continuously with time. Decreasing trends are noted in ESBLs-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Low prevalence of carbapenem resistance in Escherichia coli and high prevalence in CRAB complex have been observed. The composition ratio and antibacterial spectrum of bloodstream infections in different regions of China are slightly different，and the proportion of main drug resistant bacteria in provincial hospitals is higher than those in municipal hospitals.

Objective:To investigate the current status of endoscopic treatment for gastroesophageal varices in portal hypertension in China, and to provide supporting data and reference for the development of endoscopic treatment.Methods:In this study, initiated by the Liver Health Consortium in China (CHESS), a questionnaire was designed and distributed online to investigate the basic condition of endoscopic treatment for gastroesophageal varices in portal hypertension in 2022 in China. Questions included annual number and indication of endoscopic procedures, adherence to guideline for preventing esophagogastric variceal bleeding (EGVB), management and timing of emergent EGVB, management of gastric and isolated varices, and improvement of endoscopic treatment. Proportions of hospitals concerning therapeutic choices to all participant hospitals were calculated. Guideline adherence between secondary and tertiary hospitals were compared by using Chi-square test.Results:A total of 836 hospitals from 31 provinces (anotomous regions and municipalities) participated in the survey. According to the survey, the control of acute EGVB (49.3%, 412/836) and the prevention of recurrent bleeding (38.3%, 320/836) were major indications of endoscopic treatment. For primary [non-selective β-blocker (NSBB) or endoscopic therapies] and secondary prophylaxis (NSBB and endoscopic therapies) of EGVB, adherence to domestic guideline was 72.5% (606/836) and 39.2% (328/836), respectively. There were significant differences in the adherence between secondary and tertiary hospitals in primary prophylaxis of EGVB [71.0% (495/697) VS 79.9% (111/139), χ2=4.11, P=0.033] and secondary prophylaxis of EGVB [41.6% (290/697) VS 27.3% (38/139), χ2=9.31, P=0.002]. A total of 78.2% (654/836) hospitals preferred endoscopic therapies treating acute EGVB, and endoscopic therapy was more likely to be the first choice for treating acute EGVB in tertiary hospitals (82.6%, 576/697) than secondary hospitals [56.1% (78/139), χ2=46.33, P<0.001]. The optimal timing was usually within 12 hours (48.5%, 317/654) and 12-24 hours (36.9%, 241/654) after the bleeding. Regarding the management of gastroesophageal varices type 2 and isolated gastric varices type 1, most hospitals used cyanoacrylate injection in combination with sclerotherapy [48.2% (403/836) and 29.9% (250/836), respectively], but substantial proportions of hospitals preferred clip-assisted therapies [12.4% (104/836) and 26.4% (221/836), respectively]. Improving the skills of endoscopic doctors (84.2%, 704/836), and enhancing the precision of pre-procedure evaluation and quality of multidisciplinary team (78.9%, 660/836) were considered urgent needs in the development of endoscopic treatment. Conclusion:A variety of endoscopic treatments for gastroesophageal varices in portal hypertension are implemented nationwide. Participant hospitals are active to perform emergent endoscopy for acute EGVB, but are inadequate in following recommendations regarding primary and secondary prophylaxis of EGVB. Moreover, the selection of endoscopic procedures for gastric varices differs greatly among hospitals.

Objective To investigate the effects of combined exercise training on exercise ability and inflammatory factors in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)complicated with sarcopenia.Methods Sixty elderly patients with COPD complicated with sarcopenia who were treated in Hangzhou Third People's Hospital from July 2022 to May 2023 were selected as study objects,and were divided into control group and treatment group according to random number table method,with 30 cases in each group.The control group received routine treatment of COPD,while the treatment group received combined exercise training on the basis of routine treatment for 12 weeks.The appendicular skeletal muscle mass index(ASMI),grip strength,walking speed,6 min walking distance(6MWD),COPD assessment test(CAT),forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1)/forced vital capacity(FVC)、serum interleukin-6(IL-6)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)were compared.The correlation between serum IL-6、TNF-α and ASMI,grip strength、walking speed were analyzed.Results After treatment,6MWD in both groups was significantly longer than before treatment,and CAT score was significantly lower than before treatment(P＜0.05).The ASMI,grip strength and walking speed of patients in treatment group were significantly higher than before treatment,and the serum IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly lower than before treatment(P＜0.05).The ASMI,grip strength and walking speed of treatment group were significantly higher than those of control group,6MWD was significantly longer than that of control group,CAT score,serum IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly lower than those of control group(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in FEV1/FVC between two groups before and after treatment(P＞0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that serum IL-6、TNF-α were negatively correlated with ASMI、grip strength and walking speed.Conclusion Combined exercise training can improve muscle mass and strength,improve exercise ability and clinical symptoms,and inhibit inflammatory response in elderly patients with COPD complicated with sarcopenia.

ObjectiveAngle-closure glaucoma (ACG) is one of the major eye-blinding diseases. To diagnose ACG, it is crucial to examine the anterior chamber angle. Current diagnostic tools include slit lamp gonioscopy, water gonioscopy, ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM), and anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). Slit lamp and water gonioscopy allow convenient observation of the anterior chamber angle, but pose risks of invasive operation and eye infections. UBM can accurately measure the structure of the anterior chamber angle. However, it is complex to operate and unsuitable for patients, who have undergone trauma or ocular surgery. Although AS-OCT provides detailed images, it is costly. The aim of this study is to explore a non-invasive, non-destructive optical reflection tomography (ORT) technique. This technique can achieve low-cost three-dimensional imaging and full-field anterior chamber angle measurement of the porcine eye. MethodsThe experiment involved assembling an optical reflection tomography system, which included a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) camera, a telecentric system, a stepper motor, and a white light source, achieving a spatial resolution of approximately 8.5 μm. The process required positioning the porcine eye at the center of the field of the imaging system and rotating it around its central axis using a stepper motor. Reflection projection images were captured at each angle with an exposure time of 1.0 ms and an interval of 2°. The collected reflection-projection data were processed using a filtered reflection tomography algorithm, generating a series of two-dimensional slice data. These slices essentially represented cross-sectional views of the three-dimensional structural image, and were reconstructed into a complete three-dimensional structural image. Based on the reconstructed three-dimensional structural image of the porcine eye, the anterior chamber angles at different positions were measured, and a distribution map of these angles was drawn. Simultaneously, the ORT measurements were compared with the standard results obtained from optical coherence tomography (OCT) to assess the accuracy of ORT measurements. ResultsIn this study, we successfully obtained the reflection projection data of a porcine eye using ORT technology, reconstructed its three-dimensional structural image, and measured the anterior chamber angle, generating the corresponding distribution map. To better distinguish the different structural parts of porcine eye, the three-dimensional structural image was marked with blue, green, and yellow dashed lines from the outer to the inner layers. The area between the blue and green dashed lines corresponded to the sclera. The area between the green and yellow dashed lines corresponded to the iris. The area inside the yellow dashed line corresponded to the pupil. The three-dimensional structural image clearly revealed the key anatomical features of the porcine eye. It was able to measure the anterior chamber angle at different positions. Additionally, the anterior chamber angle measurements of the porcine eye using ORT were compared with the measurements obtained using a TEL320C1 type OCT system, showing an average deviation of 0.51° and a mean square error MSE of 0.317. ConclusionORT is a non-invasive, non-destructive, low-cost, and high-resolution imaging technique capable of achieving three-dimensional structural imaging and full-field anterior chamber angle measurement of a porcine eye. This technology offers a new perspective for the diagnosis of angle-closure glaucoma and is significant for the screening, diagnosis, and monitoring of eye diseases, potentially benefiting clinics and small hospitals in remote areas in the future.