OBJECTIVE To know about the perception and current status of drug risk management among pharmacists in Chinese medical institutions， providing insights and recommendations for enhancing the drug risk management system in medical institutions. METHODS A questionnaire survey was conducted across 28 provinces， cities， and autonomous regions； stratified radom sampling was employed to study the population of medical workers and pharmaceutical professionals in medical institutions nationwide. The survey included information on the survey population， the current status of drug risk management implementation in medical institutions， the cognition， definition and process of drug risk management related concepts， and the content and mode of drug risk management work in medical institutions. Finally， suggestions were collected from various medical institutions on the system construction of drug risk management. Descriptive statistical analysis was adopted to summarize the obtained data. RESULTS A total of 446 questionnaires were collected in this survey， including 420 valid questionnaires and 26 invalid questionnaires. The questionnaire collection rate was 100%，and the effective rate was 94.17%. 51.19% of the respondents No.2020YFC2009001）。 based their understanding of drug risk management on Management Measures for Adverse Drug Reaction Reports and Monitoring， while 87.38% recognized the need for drug risk management throughout the drug use process. 63.33% of the participants stated that their medical institutions had dedicated positions related to drug risk management， with the highest proportion （72.17%） was in third-grade class A medical institutions. 66.43% reported implementing risk management across all drug use stages. Suggestions for the development of drug risk management systems in medical institutions by the research participants focused on enhancing guiding documents， clarifying concepts， establishing information-sharing mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS The overall awareness of drug risk management in China’s medical institutions is high， with practices in place across various stages in multiple forms. However， there remains a need to strengthen institutional documents， management regulations， system development， and information-sharing mechanisms to improve collaborative governance， improve drug management levels， and ensure patient safety.

Postprandial drowsiness is a clinical condition characterized by pronounced drowsiness after meals， while The Inner Canon of Yellow Emperor （《黄帝内经》） associates this condition with wei qi （defensive qi）. By analyzing the original texts of The Inner Canon of Yellow Emperor and perspectives from many medical professionals， it is found that the transition between wakefulness and sleep depends on the mutual induction of yin and yang， and that the two pathways of wei qi circulation intersect at the spleen and stomach. Based on this， the core pathogenesis of postprandial drowsiness is proposed to be either upper jiao obstruction or spleen-stomach dysfunction， leading to the stagnation of wei qi internally， then the mutual induction of yin and yang causes inward invasion of wei qi in the body， resulting in drowsiness； at this stage， the stagnated and inward invasive wei qi converges at the spleen and stomach， then merges into the circulation of zang-fu organs， rerouting through the Foot Taiyang Meridian， forming a circulation pattern described as "circulating from yin to yang". Treatment should focus on the root and branch simultaneously， with the primary goal of regulating the circulation of wei qi； facilitating its transition from yin to yang to restore the sleep-wake cycle. By proposing the model of wei qi circulating from yin to yang， this study offers novel insights on the understanding of postprandial drowsiness.

To summarize Professor GAO Shuzhong's clinical experience in treating idiopathic tinnitus with a combination of acupuncture and Chinese meteria medica. It is believed that idiopathic tinnitus is mostly caused by weak lungs and spleen， kidney essence deficiency， liver constraint transforming into fire， and binding constraint of heart qi. Treatment advocates the combination of acupuncture and Chinese meteria medica in clinical practice. Acupuncture treatment mainly focus on the method of opening the orifices by syndrome identification in combination with Ermen （TE 21）， Tinggong （SI 19）， Tinghui （GB 2）， Shenmai （BL 62） to regulate qi and blood， and supporting with Baihui （GV 20）， Yintang （EX-HN 3）， Taichong （LR 3）， and Yanglingquan （GB 34） to soothe the liver， resolve constraint， and calm the mind. Oral administration of Chinese medicinal prescription usually includes modified Yiqi Congming Decoction （益气聪明汤） and Tongqi Powder （通气散）， and the external administration of Chinese medicinal prescription can apply self-prescribed Wenqing Powder （温清散） to navel moxibustion.

ObjectiveTo clarify the application value of nutritional scoring in patients with sepsis and explore the impact of the modified Nutritional Risk in Critically Ill （mNUTRIC） score on the in-hospital fatality of sepsis patients in the emergency intensive care unit （EICU）. MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data and laboratory examination results of 436 sepsis patients treated in the EICU of Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2021 to May 2024. The patients were divided into survival group （298 cases） and death group （138 cases） according to whether they died or not during hospital treatment， and then compared the two groups’ data. Logistic multi-factor regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors for in-hospital death and the ROC curve to evaluate the predictive value of each risk factor for the prognosis of sepsis patients. ResultsThe death group exhibited higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health EvaluationⅡ（APACHE Ⅱ） score， Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 （NRS 2002） score， mNUTRIC score， Sequential Organ Failure Assessment （SOFA） score， Padua Prediction Score for Venous Thromboembolism， the proportions of chronic kidney failure and pneumonia patients， C-reactive protein （CRP） level， lactate concentration and neutrophil count， but lower prognostic nutritional index， cholinesterase level， cholinesterase-albumin ratio and lymphocyte count than the survival group， with statistical significance （all P<0.05）. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the mNUTRIC score ［OR=1.254， 95%CI （1.109，1.417）］， CRP ［OR=1.004， 95%CI （1，1.007）］， and pneumonia ［OR=1.82， 95%CI （1.017， 3.257）］ were independent risk factors for in-hospital death in sepsis patients. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve （AUC） of the mNUTRIC score for predicting in-hospital death in sepsis patients was 0.683 ［95%CI （0.623，0.742）］， with a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 49.3%. The AUC for CRP and pneumonia were 0.602 ［95%CI （0.533， 0.671）］， and 0.582 ［95%CI （0.516，0.647）］. ConclusionThe mNUTRIC score is an independent predictive indicator for in-hospital death in sepsis patients in the EICU.

Debates persist regarding the efficacy and safety of azvudine, particularly its real-world outcomes. This study involved patients aged ≥60 years who were admitted to 25 hospitals in mainland China with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection between December 1, 2022, and February 28, 2023. Efficacy outcomes were all-cause mortality during hospitalization, the proportion of patients discharged with recovery, time to nucleic acid-negative conversion (T _NANC), time to symptom improvement (T _SI), and time of hospital stay (T _HS). Safety was also assessed. Among the 5884 participants identified, 1999 received azvudine, and 1999 matched controls were included after exclusion and propensity score matching. Azvudine recipients exhibited lower all-cause mortality compared with controls in the overall population (13.3% vs. 17.1%, RR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.67-0.90; P = 0.001) and in the severe subgroup (25.7% vs. 33.7%; RR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.66-0.88; P < 0.001). A higher proportion of patients discharged with recovery, and a shorter T _NANC were associated with azvudine recipients, especially in the severe subgroup. The incidence of adverse events in azvudine recipients was comparable to that in the control group (2.3% vs. 1.7%, P = 0.170). In conclusion, azvudine showed efficacy and safety in older patients hospitalized with COVID-19 during the SARS-CoV-2 omicron wave in China.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.03.030.].

Magnetic stimulation has made significant strides in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Nonetheless, current magnetic stimulation techniques lack the precision to accurately modulate specific nuclei and cannot realize deep brain magnetic stimulation. To address this, we utilized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as mediators to achieve precise targeting and penetration. We investigated the effects of magnetic fields with varying frequencies on neuronal activity and compared the activation effects on neurons using a 10-Hz precise magneto-stimulation system (pMSS) with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in mice. Oxytocin levels, dendritic morphology and density, and mouse behavior were measured before and after pMSS intervention. Our findings suggest that pMSS can activate oxytocinergic neurons, leading to upregulation of oxytocin secretion and neurite outgrowth. As a result, sociability was rapidly improved after a one-week pMSS treatment regimen. These results demonstrate a promising magneto-stimulation method for regulating neuronal activity in deep brain nuclei and provide a promising therapeutic approach for autism spectrum disorder.
Animals ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/physiopathology* ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus/physiology* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation/methods* ; Male ; Social Behavior ; Mice ; Oxytocin/metabolism* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neurons/physiology*

Obesity, as a chronic recurrent disease, has become a major public health challenge in China. To implement the requirements of the Healthy China Initiative (2019—2030), under domestic guidelines or consensus statements on overweight and obesity, and in alignment with the latest scientific advances globally, the Quality control protocol for adult overweight and obesity screening in health management (examination) institutions (2025 edition) was developed. This protocol was drafted by the Health Management Center of Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and formulated through multiple rounds of deliberation by experts in China’s health examination quality control field. The protocol establishes unified standards for screening facilities, personnel qualifications, and measurement or testing procedures. It defines specific screening items, outlines a standardized screening pathway, and sets requirements for the final medical review, ensuring the scientific validity, effectiveness, and safety of the screening process. The implementation of this protocol will enhance the consistency of weight management practices for adults across health examination institutions and strengthen the quality control of overweight and obesity screening programs.

Objective:To systematically review the non-surgical and minimally invasive treatment techniques for diabetic foot ulcers, in order to provide evidence-based medical reference for orthopedic surgeons in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers.Methods:Chinese and English databases such as PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP were used to search the literature related to non-surgical and minimally invasive treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. The retrieval time was set to September 2023. The key words were Diabetic Foot Ulcer, Minimally Invasive Surgical Treatment, Non-surgical Treatment. According to the research type of the included literature, the quality of the included literature was evaluated by selecting corresponding tools. The outcome measures mainly included treatment response rate, amputation rate, mortality rate and other measures related to treatment effect. The Medical Literature King software was used to screen literatures and extract relevant data for systematic review.Results:In this study, 20 articles were included. There were 15 studies from China, 2 studies from Egypt, 2 study from the United States, and 1 study from Sweden. There were 16 high quality literatures and 4 low quality literatures. Among them, there were five non-surgical treatment techniques of diabetic foot ulcers, including customized diabetic foot insoles, autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) , Chinese medicine treatment, external dressing therapy, and vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) technology. There were two minimally invasive treatment techniques for diabetic foot ulcer, including vascular intervention technology and periosteal distraction technology. The plastic surgeon should choose the appropriate treatment technique according to the specific situation of the patient with DFUs. Diabetes custom insoles were mainly used in the treatment of patients with recurrent DFUs or Wagner grade 0. For DFUs patients with Wagner grade 1 and above, the effect of PRP, VSD and vascular intervention techniques were more significant. Traditional Chinese medicine also showed significant result in the treatment of DFUs patients with Wagner grade 1 and above. Topical dressing treatment was often used for daily dressing change of DFUs to promote wound healing. Periosteal distraction technique was less invasive and had significant therapeutic effect on severe DFUs.Conclusions:Non-surgical and minimally invasive techniques are effective in the treatment of DFUs. Plastic surgeons should master and reasonably choose these non-surgical and minimally invasive treatment techniques for the treatment of patients with DFUs according to the patients＇conditions and medical conditions.