OBJECTIVE To investigate the improvement effects and mechanism of Xiangsha yiwei tang on gastric mucosal injury in rats with chronic atrophic gastritis （CAG）. METHODS Rats were randomly assigned into normal control group， model group， Xiangsha yiwei tang low-， medium- and high-dose groups （6， 12， 18 g/kg， calculated by crude drug）， and high-dose group of Xiangsha yiwei tang+740 Y-P [Xiangsha yiwei tang 18 g/kg+transforming growth factor β1/phosphatidyl inositol 3 kinase/ protein kinase B（TGF-β1/PI3K/Akt） pathway activator group 740 Y-P 10 mg/kg]， with 18 rats in each group. Rats in each group were administered the corresponding drugs via oral gavage or injection， once daily， for 4 consecutive weeks. Gastric mucosal blood flow， the levels of serum gastrointestinal hormones [including motilin （MTL）， gastrin （GAS）， and pepsinogen （PP）]， as well as inflammatory cytokines [including tumor necrosis factor- α （TNF- α）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， IL-6] in rats were measured. Pathological damage to gastric mucosal tissue was observed in rats； the apoptotic rate of gastric mucosal cells was detected. The expressions of TGF-β1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway-related proteins and apoptosis-related proteins [including B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2） and Bcl-2-associated X protein （Bax）] in the gastric mucosal tissues of rats were assessed. RESULTS Compared with normal control group， model group had abnormal gastric mucosal tissue structure， with shedding of gastric mucosal epithelial cells， and prominent infiltration of inflammatory cells. Gastric mucosal blood flow， the serum levels of MTL， GAS， PP， and Bcl-2 protein expression were lowered significantly， while serum levels of TNF-α， IL-1β and IL-6， apoptosis rate， protein expressions of Bax and TGF-β1， the phosphorylations of PI3K and Akt were increased significantly （P＜0.05）. Compared with model group， Xiangsha yiwei decoction groups exhibited attenuated histopathological injuries in gastric mucosal tissues， reduced inflammatory cell infiltration， and significant improvements in the aforementioned quantitative parameters （P＜0.05）. Compared with high-dose group of Xiangsha yiwei tang， high-dose group of Xiangsha yiwei decoction combined with 740 Y-P exhibited significantly aggravated histopathological injuries in gastric mucosal tissues， and the aforementioned quantitative parameters were markedly reversed （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Xiangsha yiwei tang can alleviate gastric mucosal damage in CAG rats， and its mechanism of action is related to the inhibition of TGF-β1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

ObjectiveTo compare the effects of different doses and withdrawal time of 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide （VCD） on the reproductive endocrine levels of female rats， and to explore the effective， stable， and safe dosage of VCD for constructing a premature ovarian insufficiency （POI） rat model. MethodSD rats with regular estrous cycles were randomly divided into three groups： blank group， low-dose VCD group （80 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）， and high-dose VCD group （160 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）， with 24 rats in each group. After drug intervention， samples were collected on the 15th day （D15） and the 45th day （D45） after intervention. The general condition， rate of estrous cycle disturbance， serum hormone levels， ovarian histomorphology， follicle count， pregnancy outcome， and the protein and mRNA expression of transforming growth factor （TGF）-β and Smad2/3 were assessed. ResultCompared with the blank group， the low-dose VCD group showed no significant differences in the rate of estrous cycle disturbance or serum follicle-stimulating hormone （FSH）， luteinizing hormone （LH）， and estradiol （E₂） levels. Ovarian tissue was damaged. Specifically， the number of primordial and primary follicles decreased on D15 （P<0.01）， and the number of secondary follicles （P<0.01） and antral follicles （P<0.05） further decreased on D45. The litter number decreased on D15 （P<0.05）， but there was no significant difference on D45. Furthermore， TGF-β protein levels increased on D15 （P<0.05） and D45 （P<0.01）. The Smad2/3 levels increased on D45 （P<0.01）， and TGF-β and Smad2/3 mRNA levels increased on D45 （P<0.05）. Compared with the results in the blank group， the disturbance rate of the estrous cycle increased on D45 in the high-dose VCD group （P<0.01）. The serum of FSH and LH increased （P<0.01）， while E₂ decreased （P<0.05）. Ovarian tissue was damaged， and the downward trend of follicles at all levels was similar to that in the low-dose VCD group. The litter number significantly decreased on D15 and D45. TGF-β and Smad2/3 protein levels increased （P<0.05，P<0.01）， and TGF-β mRNA increased on D45 （P<0.05）. ConclusionHigh-dose VCD is an ideal method for constructing a POI rat model， being effective， stable， and safe.

Objective: To investigate the incidence of adverse event following immunization (AEFI) with 13-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide insights into safety monitoring and evaluation of PCV13. Methods: Surveillance data of AEFI with PCV13 in Jiaxing City from 2020 to 2022 were collected from the AEFI Monitoring Information Management System of the Immunization Planning System of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System, including demographic information, vaccination time, time of AEFI occurrence and clinical symptoms, and the reported incidence, population and district distribution, and clinical symptoms of AEFI with PCV13 were descriptively analyzed. Results: Totally 455 cases of AEFI with PCV13 were reported in Jiaxing City from 2020 to 2022, with a reported incidence rate of 232.33/105 doses. There were 431, 21 and 3 cases of general, abnormal, coincidence and psychogenic reactions, with reported incidence rates of 220.07/105 doses, 10.72/105 doses and 1.53/105 doses, respectively, and no reports of causal reaction, vaccine quality accident and vaccination accident. The AEFI cases included 258 boys and 197 girls, with a boy/girl ratio of 1.31∶1, and 288 children at ages of less than a year (63.30%). The largest number of AEFI was reported in Haining City (87 cases, 19.12%), and there were 349 AEFI cases (76.70%) within 24 hours following vaccination. The clinical symptoms mainly included redness and swelling, fever and induration, with reported incidence rates of 132.76/105 doses (260 cases), 109.27/105 doses (214 cases), and 55.66/105 doses (109 cases), respectively. There were 450 cases cured and 5 cases improved in 455 cases of AEFI. Conclusions General reaction is the predominant AEFI in Jiaxing City from 2020 to 2022, with mild symptoms. Most AEFI occurs within 24 hours following vaccination, and has a good prognosis.

Objective:To assess the safety and feasibility of selectively preserving the first branch of the right gastro-omental artery using bidirectional dissection in laparoscopic pylorus-preserving gastrectomy (LPPG).Methods:In this retrospective analysis, we studied preoperative, intraoperative, postoperative, and follow-up data of 30 patients with early gastric cancer treated in the Department of Gastric Cancer in Zhejiang Cancer Hospital (28 patients), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery in Jiaxing Second Hospital (one patient) and Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery in Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital (one patient) who had undergone selective preservation of the first branch of the right gastro-omental artery during LPPG. The main variables studied were as follows: (1) intraoperative preservation of the first branch of the right gastro-omental artery; (2) the overall surgical situation; and (3) postoperative small bowel follow-through and endoscopy findings.Results:LPPG with selective preservation of the right gastro-omental artery vascular branch was achieved in all 30 of the study patients. The mean operation time was (244.3±29.3) minutes and the median intraoperative blood loss 50 (20–200) mL. The median tumor diameter was 1.2 (0.5–3.6) cm and an average of 32.3±11.6 lymph nodes were dissected. The overall median number of positive lymph nodes was 0 (0–6), and of No. 6 lymph nodes 5.1±1.5. Postoperative feeding resumed at an average of 5.2±0.5 days and the postoperative hospital stay averaged 8.4±3.4 days. Pathological stages were as follows: T1a (14 cases), T1b (10 cases), and T2 (6 cases). Small bowel follow-through imaging showed good results in 28 patients 5 days post-surgery, the remaining two exhibiting good results 9 days post-surgery. There were no instances of delayed gastric emptying, and only one patient (3.3%) developed intra-abdominal infection (resolved with conservative treatment).Conclusion:Selective preservation of the right gastro-omental artery during laparoscopic early gastric cancer surgery is a safe and feasible procedure for treating early mid-gastric body cancer with pyloric preservation.

Objective:To assess the safety and feasibility of selectively preserving the first branch of the right gastro-omental artery using bidirectional dissection in laparoscopic pylorus-preserving gastrectomy (LPPG).Methods:In this retrospective analysis, we studied preoperative, intraoperative, postoperative, and follow-up data of 30 patients with early gastric cancer treated in the Department of Gastric Cancer in Zhejiang Cancer Hospital (28 patients), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery in Jiaxing Second Hospital (one patient) and Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery in Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital (one patient) who had undergone selective preservation of the first branch of the right gastro-omental artery during LPPG. The main variables studied were as follows: (1) intraoperative preservation of the first branch of the right gastro-omental artery; (2) the overall surgical situation; and (3) postoperative small bowel follow-through and endoscopy findings.Results:LPPG with selective preservation of the right gastro-omental artery vascular branch was achieved in all 30 of the study patients. The mean operation time was (244.3±29.3) minutes and the median intraoperative blood loss 50 (20–200) mL. The median tumor diameter was 1.2 (0.5–3.6) cm and an average of 32.3±11.6 lymph nodes were dissected. The overall median number of positive lymph nodes was 0 (0–6), and of No. 6 lymph nodes 5.1±1.5. Postoperative feeding resumed at an average of 5.2±0.5 days and the postoperative hospital stay averaged 8.4±3.4 days. Pathological stages were as follows: T1a (14 cases), T1b (10 cases), and T2 (6 cases). Small bowel follow-through imaging showed good results in 28 patients 5 days post-surgery, the remaining two exhibiting good results 9 days post-surgery. There were no instances of delayed gastric emptying, and only one patient (3.3%) developed intra-abdominal infection (resolved with conservative treatment).Conclusion:Selective preservation of the right gastro-omental artery during laparoscopic early gastric cancer surgery is a safe and feasible procedure for treating early mid-gastric body cancer with pyloric preservation.

Objective To observe the effects of needle-knife tendon-sparing and knot-dissolving technique on NF-κB/Bcl-2 pathway activity and the expression of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,Bax and caspase-3 in synovial tissue of knee joints of rabbits with rheumatoid arthritis(RA)model;To explore the mechanism of its inhibitory effect on RA synovial inflammation.Methods Totally 24 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into normal group,model group,drug group and needle-knife group,with 6 rabbits in each group.Except for the normal group,the other groups were injected with ovalbumin and Freund's complete adjuvant into the knee joint cavity to replicate the RA model,and corresponding interventions were given for 18 consecutive days.The knee pain threshold and knee circumference were measured,ultrasound was used to observe the joint cavity effusion,synovial thickness and internal blood flow signals,the synovial tissue morphology were observed by HE staining,the apoptosis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes(FLS)in synovial tissue was observed by TUNEL staining,the expression of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 in synovial tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry,RT-PCR was used to detect NF-κBp65 and Bcl-2 mRNA expression in synovial tissue,Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of NF-κBp65,p-NF-κBp65,Bcl-2,Bax and caspase-3 in synovial tissue.Results Compared with the normal group,the knee pain threshold decreased,knee circumference increased,ultrasonic score and pathological score of synovial tissue increased in the model group;FLS apoptosis rate decreased,the expression of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 in synovial tissue increased,the expressions of NF-κBp65,Bcl-2 mRNA and protein,and p-NF-κBp65 protein increased,while the expression of Bax,caspase-3 protein decreased,with statistical significance(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the knee pain threshold increased in the drug group and the needle knife group,the circumference of the knee joint decreased,the ultrasonic score and pathological score of synovial tissue were significantly decreased;the apoptosis rate of FLS increased,the expression of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 in synovial tissue decreased,the expressions of NF-κBp65,Bcl-2 mRNA and protein,and p-NF-κBp65 protein decreased,and the expression of Bax and caspase-3 protein increased,with statistical significance(P<0.05).Conclusion Needle-knife tendon-sparing and knot-dissolving technique may promote FLS apoptosis and reduce TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 production,inhibit synovial inflammation in RA,reduce knee joint swelling,and raise pain threshold by reducing the activity of synovial tissue NF-κB/Bcl-2 pathway.

Background: Peste des petits ruminants (PPR), caused by the PPR virus (PPRV), is an acute and fatal contagious disease that mainly infects goats, sheep, and other artiodactyls.Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are considered the primary innate immune cells. Objectives: PBMCs derived from goats were infected with PPRV and analyzed to detect the relationship between PPRV replication and apoptosis or the inflammatory response. Methods: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to identify PPRV replication and cytokines expression. Flow cytometry was conducted to detect apoptosis and the differentiation of CD4+ and CD8+T cells after PPRV infection. Results: PPRV stimulated the differentiation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In addition, PPRV induced apoptosis in goat PBMCs. Furthermore, apoptosis and the inflammatory response induced by PPRV could be suppressed by Z-VAD-FMK and Z-YVAD-FMK, respectively.Moreover, the virus titer of PPRV was attenuated by inhibiting caspase-1-dependent apoptosis and inflammation. Conclusions This study showed that apoptosis and the inflammatory response play an essential role in PPR viral replication in vitro, providing a new mechanism related to the cell host response.

Ensuring food safety is paramount worldwide.Developing effective detection methods to ensure food safety can be challenging owing to trace hazards,long detection time,and resource-poor sites,in addition to the matrix effects of food.Personal glucose meter(PGM),a classic point-of-care testing device,possesses unique application advantages,demonstrating promise in food safety.Currently,many studies have used PGM-based biosensors and signal amplification technologies to achieve sensitive and specific detection of food hazards.Signal amplification technologies have the potential to greatly improve the analytical performance and integration of PGMs with biosensors,which is crucial for solving the challenges associated with the use of PGMs for food safety analysis.This review introduces the basic detection principle of a PGM-based sensing strategy,which consists of three key factors:target recog-nition,signal transduction,and signal output.Representative studies of existing PGM-based sensing strategies combined with various signal amplification technologies(nanomaterial-loaded multienzyme labeling,nucleic acid reaction,DNAzyme catalysis,responsive nanomaterial encapsulation,and others)in the field of food safety detection are reviewed.Future perspectives and potential opportunities and challenges associated with PGMs in the field of food safety are discussed.Despite the need for complex sample preparation and the lack of standardization in the field,using PGMs in combination with signal amplification technology shows promise as a rapid and cost-effective method for food safety hazard analysis.

Objective:To investigate the effects of Jin's three needles combined with neuromuscular electrical stimulation on electromyography (EMG), muscle strength, and lower limb motor function in patients with hemiplegia after stroke.Methods:A total of 102 patients with hemiplegia after ischemic stroke who received treatment in Dongyang People's Hospital from July 2021 to August 2022 were included in this randomized controlled study. They were divided into a treatment group and a control group ( n = 51 per group) using a random number table method. The treatment group was given Jin's three needles combined with neuromuscular electrical stimulation, and the control group was given neuromuscular electrical stimulation alone. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was used to assess the degree of neurological impairment. The modified Barthel Index (MBI) score was used to assess a patient's self-care ability. EMG was performed to record myoelectric signals. The Fugl-Meyer Assessment Scale was used to evaluate a patient's lower limb motor function. Manual Muscle Testing was performed to measure a patient's muscle strength. The degree of nerve defect, self-care ability, lower limb motor function, hip flexion muscle strength, knee extensor muscle strength, and ankle dorsalis extensor muscle strength were compared before treatment and after 2 weeks of treatment. Results:After treatment, the NIHSS score in the treatment and control groups significantly decreased compared with those before treatment [(10.14 ± 3.45) points vs. (3.80 ± 1.92) points, (10.10 ± 3.17) points vs. (6.18 ± 2.15) points, t = 17.31, 19.08, both P < 0.05]. After treatment, the NIHSS score in the treatment group was lower than that in the control group ( t = -5.87, P < 0.001). After treatment, the integral EMG values of the tibialis anterior muscle, gastrocnemius muscle, and quadriceps femoris in the treatment and control groups were increased compared with those before treatment [(20.43 ± 5.26) points vs. (48.14 ± 10.41) points, (16.20 ± 2.62) points vs. (24.69 ± 4.07) points, (32.62 ± 3.42) points vs. (43.40 ± 4.69) points; (20.40 ± 5.19) points vs. (35.45 ± 7.41) points, (16.32 ± 2.51) points vs. (20.91 ± 3.45) points, (32.59 ± 3.37) points vs. (37.39 ± 4.06) points, t = -23.79, -16.11, -19.89; -21.92, -10.86, -8.71, all P < 0.05]. After treatment, the integral EMG values of the tibialis anterior muscle, gastrocnemius muscle, and quadriceps femoris in the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( t = 7.09, 5.05, 6.92, all P < 0.001). After treatment, The Fugl-Meyer Assessment scale score in the treatment and control groups were significantly increased compared with that before treatment [(17.61 ± 8.93) points vs. (27.16 ± 5.84) points, (17.53 ± 7.59) points vs. (22.22 ± 6.66) points, t = -14.64, -10.72, both P < 0.05). After treatment, The Fugl-Meyer Assessment scale score in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group ( t = 3.98, P < 0.001). After treatment, hip flexion muscle strength, knee extensor muscle strength, and ankle dorsalis extensor muscle strength in the treatment and control groups increased compared with those before treatment. After treatment, hip flexion muscle strength, knee extensor muscle strength, and ankle dorsalis extensor muscle strength in the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group [(3.75 ± 0.63) grades vs. (3.31 ± 0.65) grades, (3.51 ± 0.67) grades vs. (3.08 ± 0.87) grades, (2.98 ± 0.81) grades vs.(2.35 ± 1.06) grades, t = 3.41, 2.80, and 3.36, all P < 0.05]. Conclusion:Jin's three needles combined with neuromuscular electrical stimulation can improve EMG findings, increase muscle strength, and lower limb motor function in patients with hemiplegia after stroke

Irradiation based on accelerator is the main method of radionuclide production. In recent years, with the development of theranostics of nuclear medicine, there is a new demand for the preparation of accelerator radionuclides. In this paper, the nuclides and nuclide pairs of theranostics prepared by accelerators are divided into the three categories: nuclides of theranostics, nuclide pairs of theranostics of same element and different elements. The physical properties and current applications of some nuclides and nuclide pairs are introduced. The problems in the application of accelerator radionuclides preparation in China are analyzed, and the application prospect of the integration of accelerator radionuclides diagnosis and treatment is prospected.