BACKGROUND:Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1α(PGC-1α)is closely related to aging and plays an important regulatory role in exercise anti-aging.However,there is a lack of comprehensive reviews on the role of PGC-1α in exercise anti-aging from the perspective of different tissues and organs. OBJECTIVE:To provide a detailed overview of the role of PGC-1α in exercise anti-aging and discuss its regulation from the perspective of different tissues and organs. METHODS:A literature search was conducted from May 1,2023 to July 1,2023.The search covered self-built databases up to July 2023,as well as databases such as Web of Science,PubMed,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),WanFang,and VIP.The Chinese search terms included"PGC-1α,peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1α,PPARGC1A,aging,exercise,older adults".The English search terms were"PGC-1α,aging,exercise,exercise training,older adults".Boolean logical operators were used to connect the search terms,and corresponding search strategies were developed.Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria,83 articles were included in the review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)PGC-1α is an important transcriptional coactivator that plays a key regulatory role in maintaining mitochondrial function,regulating energy metabolism,and adapting to different metabolic demands.(2)PGC-1α has a significant regulatory role in mitochondrial aging and various functions in multiple cell types,and is associated with inflammatory pathways,redox control,protein modifications,and epigenetic changes.(3)The expression level of PGC-1α can be increased by exercise training,and it exerts positive effects through regulating mitochondrial biogenesis,energy metabolism,and anti-oxidative stress pathways.It plays an important role in exercise-induced improvement of adipose tissue aging,cardiovascular aging,neurosystem aging,renal aging,skeletal muscle aging,and liver aging.(4)The expert group recommends future research directions including exploring the regulatory effects of different types,intensities,and durations of exercise on PGC-1α expression,studying the regulatory mechanisms of protein modifications and epigenetic changes in PGC-1α, and strengthening the research on the mechanisms of PGC-1α in different aging-related diseases.

Despite exciting achievements with some malignancies, immunotherapy for hypoimmunogenic cancers, especially glioblastoma (GBM), remains a formidable clinical challenge. Poor immunogenicity and deficient immune infiltrates are two major limitations to an effective cancer-specific immune response. Herein, we propose that an injectable signal-amplifying nanocomposite/hydrogel system consisting of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and imiquimod-loaded antigen-capturing nanoparticles can simultaneously amplify the chemotactic signal of antigen-presenting cells and the "danger" signal of GBM. We demonstrated the feasibility of this strategy in two scenarios of GBM. In the first scenario, we showed that this simultaneous amplification system, in conjunction with local chemotherapy, enhanced both the immunogenicity and immune infiltrates in a recurrent GBM model; thus, ultimately making a cold GBM hot and suppressing postoperative relapse. Encouraged by excellent efficacy, we further exploited this signal-amplifying system to improve the efficiency of vaccine lysate in the treatment of refractory multiple GBM, a disease with limited clinical treatment options. In general, this biomaterial-based immune signal amplification system represents a unique approach to restore GBM-specific immunity and may provide a beneficial preliminary treatment for other clinically refractory malignancies.

Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae (Mccp) is the cause of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) in goats. Inactivated vaccines and capsular polysaccharide (CPS) indirect hemagglutination reagents are available for prevention and serological detection, but high culture costs and complex antigen quantification have been plagued by production staff. In order to solve these problems in production practice, a sugar fermentation medium with an initial pH value of 7.8, which could improve the production of two antigens simultaneously, was screened out by changing the initial pH value based on previous Mccp metabolomics analysis. Since phenol red can be identified by UV absorption spectrum and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) can bind to anionic capsular polysaccharide, a UV spectrum measurement method for analyzing the culture stage reached by Mccp and a CTAB precipitation test for relative quantification of capsular polysaccharide antigen content in the fermentation broth were established. The UV spectrum observation method can guide the production of Mccp according to the growth curve of Mccp, which greatly reduces the monitoring time of the traditional CCU method and improves the accuracy of the original eye-observation method. The established CTAB precipitation test can complete the monitoring of CPS content within 5 hours, which greatly reduces the time required compared with the traditional differential technique, and its accuracy was verified by the phenol-sulfuric acid method. The optimized culture medium and the two correlation comparison methods established in this study can effectively reduce the production cost of Mccp and improve the production efficiency. The two assays have been used in the research at our laboratory, which provides experimental data for further improvement of the production process of CCPP inactivated vaccine and capsular polysaccharide as well as rapid quantification.
Humans ; Animals ; Goats ; Cetrimonium ; Mycoplasma ; Polysaccharides

Advanced radiotherapy technology enables the dose to more accurately conform to the tumor target area of the patient, providing accurate treatment for the patient, but the gradient of the patient's radiation dose at the tumor edge is getting larger, which putting forward higher requirements for radiotherapy dose verification. The dose verification system software KylinRay-Dose4D can verify the patient's pre-treatment plan and the in vivo/on-line dose during the patient's treatment, providing important reference for the physicist to modify the radiotherapy plan and ensuring that the patient receives accurate treatment. This study introduces the overall design and key technologies of KylinRay-Dose4D, and tests the pre-treatment plan dose checking calculation and 2D/3D dose verification through clinical cases. The test results showed that the 2D/3D gamma pass rate (3 mm/3%) of KylinRay-Dose4D reconstructed dose compared with TPS plan dose and measured dose is larger than 95%, which indicating that the reconstructed dose of KylinRay-Dose4D meets the requirement of clinical application.
Humans ; Radiotherapy Dosage ; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted/methods* ; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated/methods* ; Software ; Neoplasms ; Phantoms, Imaging ; Radiometry/methods*

Enamel formation is a complex physiological process that depends on the coordinated regulation of multiple mechanisms. This process is quite sensitive to various local and systemic interference factors. Therefore, during the long period from the embryonic stage to adolescence or even adulthood, various interference factors may lead to enamel developmental defects. Among them, early life is the most sensitive stage to environmental factors exposure, while it is also the critical period of enamel development of deciduous and permanent teeth. Environmental factors exposure during this period often leads to varying degrees of enamel development defects. In this review, we generalize the research progress of environmental factors affecting enamel developmental defects, summarize the potential mechanisms of environmental factors leading to enamel developmental defects, and conclude the clinical management strategies based on tertiary prevention. This work hopes to provide a theoretical basis for preventing abnormal teeth development from the critical time window of early life, propose eugenics health consultation and promote children ′s oral health management.

Objective:To investigate the current status and influencing factors of outpatient institution choice for hypertensive patients with basic medical insurance in Beijing, for reference to promote the implementation of the hierarchical medical system and guiding hypertensive patients to seek healthcare in primary care.Methods:Based on data of hypertensive outpatients from the basic medical insurance database of Beijing from April 2019 to January 2020, we analyzed major demographic characteristics of hypertensive patients, the selection of outpatient institutions and its influencing factors. The chi square test was used for comparison between groups, and the multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze influencing factors.Results:2.842 1 million outpatients with hypertension were enrolled. 39.03% of them chose primary healthcare institutions, 5.16% chose secondary healthcare institutions, and 17.34% chose tertiary healthcare institutions, while the rest 38.47% chose two or more types of healthcare institutions. Gender, age, type of medical insurance, place of residence, utilization of Chinese herbal drugs, utilization of Chinese patent drugs, polypharmacy, needs of outpatient tests and examinations were the influencing factors for their selection of primary healthcare institutions for hypertensive outpatients under Beijing basic medical insurance.Conclusions:At present, the primary institutions have become the first choice for the majority of hypertensive patients with medical insurance in Beijing, but there are still many influencing factors on their choice of institutions. In the future, we should optimize the allocation of medical resources, promote the reform of medical insurance payment methods, strengthen the construction of primary medical institutions, expand the coverage of contracted services of family doctors, and reasonably guide the patients to seek healthcare in primary healthcare institutions.

Metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive type of breast cancer. Combination of systemic chemotherapy and immune checkpoint blockade is effective but of limited benefit due to insufficient intratumoral infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and the accumulation of immunosuppressive cells. Herein, we designed a lenvatinib- and vadimezan-loaded synthetic high-density lipoprotein (LV-sHDL) for combinational immunochemotherapy of metastatic TNBC. The LV-sHDL targeted scavenger receptor class B type 1-overexpressing 4T1 cells in the tumor after intravenous injection. The multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) lenvatinib induced immunogenic cell death of the cancer cells, and the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist vadimezan triggered local inflammation to facilitate dendritic cell maturation and antitumor macrophage differentiation, which synergistically improved the intratumoral infiltration of total and active CTLs by 33- and 13-fold, respectively. LV-sHDL inhibited the growth of orthotopic 4T1 tumors, reduced pulmonary metastasis, and prolonged the survival of animals. The efficacy could be further improved when LV-sHDL was used in combination with antibody against programmed cell death ligand 1. This study highlights the combination use of multitargeted TKI and STING agonist a promising treatment for metastatic TNBC.

We reviewed the data of an 18-year-old male patient complained of weakness of limbs and hypokalemia for 6 months. CT scan revealed left adrenal adenoma. He was diagnosed as primary aldosteronism(PA). Laboratory tests showed hypokalemia and hyperaldosteronemia. After potassium supplement and blood pressure lowering treatment, laparoscopic resection of the left adrenal adenoma was performed, and severe hyperkalemia occured 2 hours after surgery(maximum serum potassium 7.02 mmol/L). After hyperrisotonic glucose+ insulin(10% glucose 200 ml+ 50% glucose 40 ml+ insulin 8U)+ cation exchange resin(Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate 20 g) treatment, serum potassium returned to normal range within 12 hours. The plasma aldosterone, blood potassium and blood pressure returned to normal during the 5-month follow-up. According to the experience of this case report, after resection of aldosteronoma, the changes of serum electrolyte should be closely monitored, the occurrence of hyperkalemia should be vigilant.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of mechanical chest compression device in patients with cardiac arrest.Methods:The relevant literatures about mechanical cardiopulmonary resuscitation and manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation were systematically searched from China Knowledge Network (CNKI), VIP, Wanfang, PubMed, Web of Science and other databases. The effective data were extracted and analyzed by RevMan5.3 software.Results:A total of 20 clinical studies involving 29 727 patients were included, of which 11 104 patients received mechanical cardiopulmonary resuscitation and 18 623 patients received traditional manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The results of meta-analysis showed that mechanical cardiopulmonary resuscitation could not effectively improve the restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) rate, admission survival rate, discharge survival rate and neurological prognosis in patients with cardiac arrest compared with manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation. ROSC occurrence rate ( RR=1.10, 95% CI: 0.99-1.23, P<0.01), admission survival rate ( RR=1.01, 95% CI: 0.95-1.08, P=0.67), discharge survival rate ( RR=1.00, 95% CI: 0.86-1.15, P=0.14), and good neurological function rate ( RR=0.81, 95% CI: 0.61-1.06, P=0.69) showed no significant differences between the mechanical cardiopulmonary resuscitation and manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Conclusions:Mechanical chest compression device has no advantage compared with manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Mechanical cardiopulmonary resuscitation is not recommended to completely replace manual chest compression in cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

【Objective】 To investigate the diagnostic value of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) specific antibodies IgM and IgG on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). 【Methods】 1) The test results of SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG antibodies and nucleic acid(NAT), which were tested by colloidal gold test and fluorescent quantitative PCR respectively, were collected from 145 febrile outpatients during early March, 2020, named Fever group, in which retrospective analysis and paired chi-square test were performed. 2) 612 cases of SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG antibodies test results, which were done on March 5, 2020, were collected. They were named COVID-19 group (Our hospital was provisionally assigned as a specialized hospital for COVID-19, and 1500 COVID-19 patients admitted to our hospital from February 12, 2020 to March 18, 2020). The SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG antibodies and NAT were respectively tested on the 30th and the 60th day after the date of discharge. The clinical application values of the antibodies was clarified by statistical analysis. 【Results】 1) In the fever group, the positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 IgM, IgG and IgM+ IgG antibodies were 26.21% (38/145), 54.48% (79/145) and 26.21% (38/145), respectively(P<0.01), and the positive rate of NAT was 4.14% (6/145), which was lower than that of antibody (P<0.01). One (1/145, 0.69%) positive NAT was implicated in initially negative IgM and IgG antibodies samples. 2) In the COVID-19 group, the positive rate of IgM antibody was low (5%) and IgG antibody was high (65%) during 2~14 days after infection, and stably increased during the 15~56 days [IgM 47.68%(277/581) vs IgG 94.15% (547/581) ], then both decreased after 57 days. The positive rates of IgM antibody and IgG antibody were 45.8% (280/612) and 93.1% (570/612) in 612 patients during hospitalization. 15 patients′ data after dischange were not collected as they were later transferred to Huoshenshan Hospital for treatment. The coronavirus NAT results of the rest 597 COVID-19 patients, tested on the 30th and 60th days after the date of discharge, were negative, and the positive rates of IgG antibody and IgM antibody were still ≥80% and ≥40% respectively at the second month after discharge. 【Conclusion】 IgM, IgG antibody against SARS-CoV-2 can be well detected by Colloidal gold method(Innovita), whose positive rate is higher than that of NAT. IgG antibody is produced earlier than IgM, and it keeps high positive rate and persists for a long time. The combination of colloidal gold antibody test and NAT can improve the diagnose rate of COVID-19 and the exclusion of suspected cases.