To report a case of clonorchiasis (Clonorchis sinensis infection) combined with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and review relevant literature to improve the awareness of the clinical physicians regarding Clonorchis Sinensis and provide references for clinical diagnosis and treatment. A retrospective analysis was conducted on a case of clonorchiasis combined with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, admitted to Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University on March 15, 2021, along with a review of related literature. The patient, a 55-year-old male, presented with abdominal distension and poor appetite for over two months and had a history of diabetes and hypertension for many years. He had been consuming raw fish for more than ten years. Upon admission, physical examination revealed a solid mass measuring 8 cm×8 cm was palpable below the xiphoid process in the upper abdomen, with an uneven surface, slightly hard texture, poor mobility, and positive tenderness. Laboratory tests revealed the presence of Clonorchis Sinensis eggs in the stool, and the patient tested positive for Clonorchis Sinensis IgG antibodies. After a comprehensive evaluation that included abdominal ultrasound, abdominal plain CT scan, and contrast-enhanced CT, the patient was diagnosed with "intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with multiple intrahepatic metastases." Due to the patient's poor liver function, praziquantel was not administered, and albendazole was instead used at a dose of 10 mg/(kg·d) once daily for seven days. Upon re-admission one month after discharge, no Clonorchis Sinensis eggs were found in the stool. A follow-up after 12 months revealed that the patient had passed away due to liver failure. The serious infection of Clonorchis Sinensis is relatively rare, but it can lead to severe consequences in high-risk individuals, especially when it progresses to intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Clinicians should enhance their awareness of clonorchiasis and promptly identify and provide symptomatic treatment for infections, as early as possible and provide appropriate treatment. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for improving the prognosis of patients.

Squamosa promoter binding protein-like (SPL) family is a group of important transcription factors involved in the regulation of plant growth and development and the response to environmental stress, but there are few studies in perennial fruit trees such as citrus. In this study, Ziyang Xiangcheng (Citrus junos Sib.ex Tanaka), an important rootstock of Citrus, was used as the material for analysis. Based on plantTFDB transcription factor database and sweet orange genome database, 15 SPL family members were genome-widely identified and cloned from Ziyang Xiangcheng, and named CjSPL1-CjSPL15. Sequence analysis showed that the open reading frame (ORF) length of CjSPLs ranged from 393 bp to 2 865 bp, encoding 130-954 amino acids. Phylogenetic tree divided 15 CjSPLs into 9 subfamilies. Gene structure and conserved domain analysis predicted 20 different conserved motifs and SBP basic domains. Analysis of cis-acting promoter elements predicted 20 different promoter elements, including those related to plant growth and development, abiotic stress and secondary metabolites. The expression patterns of CjSPLs under drought, salt and low temperature stresses were analyzed by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), and many CjSPLs were significantly up-regulated after stress treatment. This study provides a reference for further study on the function of SPL family transcription factors in citrus and other fruit trees.
Phylogeny ; Transcription Factors/metabolism* ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Plant Proteins/metabolism* ; Multigene Family ; Stress, Physiological