OBJECTIVES: The effects of air pollutants on upper airway disease development have been seldom studied. In this study, we evaluated the effects of air pollution on the prevalence of ENT diseases. METHODS: We identified cases of ENT disease occurring in 2009, as recorded by the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, and explored their associations with the levels of five air pollutants: sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), ozone (O₃), carbon monoxide (CO), and particulate matter (PM₁₀ particles; particulates ≤10 μm in aerodynamic diameter). Subjects diagnosed with at least one of the five studied ENT diseases were included in analysis, but those aged under 19 years were excluded. Linear associations between ENT disease frequency and pollutant levels were evaluated by calculating Spearman correlations. After adjusting for age, gender, and geographic region, multivariate logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: A total of 7,399 subjects with ENT diseases were identified. A linear association was evident between PM₁₀ concentration and the frequency of septal deviation (Spearman coefficient, 0.507; P=0.045). After adjustment, the PM₁₀ level was associated with high odds ratios for chronic rhinosinusitis (1.22; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.46) and septal deviation (1.43; 95% CI, 1.22 to 1.67). Both of these conditions were more prevalent in males. CONCLUSION: We found that increased ambient concentrations of PM₁₀ particles were clearly associated with increased the risk of chronic rhinosinusitis and septal deviation; the exposure-response relationship was definitive.
Air Pollutants ; Air Pollution ; Carbon Monoxide ; Ear ; Health Impact Assessment ; Humans ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Nitrogen Dioxide ; Nose ; Nutrition Surveys ; Odds Ratio ; Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases ; Ozone ; Particulate Matter ; Pharynx ; Prevalence ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Sulfur Dioxide

No abstract available.
Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases ; Particulate Matter

Objective To discuss the causes and precautionary measures of the risks of relevant medical disputes by analyzing 22 cases of death from otolaryngology diseases. Methods A retrospective analysis of 22 judicial expertise cases of medical disputes related to death from otolaryngology diseases accepted by Chongqing Zhengding Judicial Appraisal Institute and Academy of Forensic Science during 2008-2018 were made. Results Of the 22 cases, the male to female ratio was 3.4∶1. The age of death was from 1.3 to 76 years old, with an average age of 45.3 years. There were 28 medical institutions involved, of which 71.4% were tertiary medical institutions. Statistics for death causes showed that respiratory asphyxia accounted for 50%. Conclusion Forensic identification provides an important scientific basis for medical disputes cases related to otolaryngology diseases. It also has an important reference value for medical institutions to optimize the work procedure of diagnosis and treatment of otolaryngology diseases and improve the quality of diagnosis and treatment.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Cause of Death ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Death ; Dissent and Disputes ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVES: Obesity rates have been increasing for all population groups worldwide, leading to the increased development of various diseases. This study was designed is to identify the relationships between obesity and several important otorhinolaryngologic diseases, including chronic otitis media (COM), chronic rhinosinusitis, and chronic tonsillitis. METHODS: Mean body mass index (BMI) was compared in patients with COM, rhinosinusitis, and tonsillitis and in a control group. The relationships among the prevalence rates of overweight and obesity, morbidity period, and BMI were assessed in each group. RESULTS: Mean BMIs in the COM, rhinosinusitis, and tonsillitis groups were 24.45+/-2.72 kg/m2, 24.68+/-3.25 kg/m2, and 24.67+/-3.82 kg/m2, respectively, with each significantly higher than in the control group (23.22+/-3.01 kg/m2, P<0.05). The rates of obesity in the COM, rhinosinusitis, and tonsillitis groups were 37.5%, 42.9%, and 40.1%, respectively, each significantly higher than in the control group (24.3%, P<0.05). However, the rates of overweight did not differ significantly in the COM, rhinosinusitis, and tonsillitis compared with the control group (P>0.05 each). CONCLUSION: Mean BMI and the prevalence of obesity were elevated in the three groups of patients with representative otorhinolaryngologic inflammatory diseases, including COM, chronic rhinosinusitis, and chronic tonsillitis.
Body Mass Index ; Humans ; Obesity* ; Obesity, Morbid ; Otitis Media ; Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases* ; Overweight ; Palatine Tonsil ; Population Groups ; Prevalence ; Rhinitis ; Sinusitis ; Tonsillitis

Humans ; Laryngeal Diseases ; surgery ; Larynx ; surgery ; Microsurgery ; instrumentation ; Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures ; instrumentation ; Surgical Instruments

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of otorhinolaryngologic (ENT) manifestations in people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection seen in our institutions and to determine the association of these manifestations with age, sex, CD4 count and antiretroviral treatment.

METHODS:
Study Design: Cross-sectional study

Setting: Two Tertiary Government Hospitals

Subjects: Adult patients (>19 years old) confirmed to be HIV- infected  were seen at Jose R. Reyes Memorial Medical Center and San Lazaro Hospital from February to July 2014. A data sheet regarding ENT manifestations was filled upon examination. Age, sex, CD4 count and antiretroviral treatment data were recorded. Independent samples t-test was used to determine age association with manifestations. Fischer's exact test was used to determine association of sex and manifestations. Chi-square test of independence was used to determine association of CD4 count and antiretroviral treatment with manifestations. Association was considered statistically significant if p< 0.05.

RESULTS: Three hundred one (301) patients participated with 287 males (95.3%) and 14 females (4.7%). The mean age was 31.7 ± 8. One hundred ninety seven (197 or 65.4%) had ENT manifestations. The most common areas of manifestations came from the oral cavity-oropharyngeal area (n=104, 37%), nasal cavity-nasopharyngeal area (n=73, 26%) and ear (n=43, 15%). The most frequent manifestations were cervical lymphadenopathy, aphthous stomatitis and acute rhinitis. There was no significant difference in the age (p=0.31) and sex (p=0.15) of patients with and without manifestations. However, there was a direct association of manifestations with low CD4 count (p<0.001) and inverse association with antiretroviral treatment (p=0.036).

CONCLUSION: Our findings emphasize the importance of screening for ENT manifestations, regular CD4 monitoring and enrollment to antiretroviral therapy in persons with HIV. Baseline otorhinolaryngologic examination upon HIV diagnosis and prior to initiating treatment should be followed by regular surveillance. Conversely, physicians should also be aware that patients with ENT manifestation may have HIV infection.

Human ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; HIV ; Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; Anti-Retroviral Agents ; Stomatitis ; Rhinitis

Professor XIE Qiang's Tihu Guanding needling method, a kind of acupuncture method which takes acupoints of the Conception Vessel as the primary and acupoints of the Governor Vessel as the secondary. Acupoints Lianquan (CV 23), Tiantu (CV 22), Qihai (CV 6), Zhongwan (CV 12), Baihui (GV 20) and Dazhui (GV 14) are adopted as the basic ones. Other points can be added according to various symptoms, for instance, Yingxiang (LI 20) and Yintang (GV 29) for rhinopathy, Tinggong (SI 19) and Yifeng (TE 17) for otopathy, Yan'an (Professor XIE's experience) and Shanglianquan (EX-HN 21) for pharyngopathy and Kaiyin 1 (Professor XIE's experience) and Kaiyin 2 (Professor XIE's experience) for laryngopathy. During the needle retention, rotation manipulation should be done every 5 min at Lianquan (CV 23). And the patient should be told to put the tip of one's tongue at the the palate as well as to do deep breathing to communicate the Conception Vessel and the Governor Vessel. Moxibustion is adopted at Yongquan (KI 1) to induce the up floating fire to mingmen (where the primary yang is stored). The therapeutic effect on treatment of persistent otorhinolaryngologic diseases with the above mentioned method is approve to be good.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; instrumentation ; methods ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases ; therapy ; Yang Deficiency ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo study the clinicopathologic features, histologic diagnosis and differential diagnosis of primary mucosal tuberculosis (TB) in the head and neck region.

METHODSForty-seven cases of primary mucosal TB of the head and neck region were studied by hematoxylin-eosin and Ziehl-Neelsen stains. The clinical and pathologic features were analyzed with review of the literature.

RESULTSThe patients included 26 male and 21 female, with mean age 47.1 years (range 14-84 years). There were three sinonasal TB, 19 nasopharyngeal TB, two oropharyngeal TB, 18 laryngeal TB, four middle ear TB, one salivary gland TB and one laryngeal TB complicating laryngeal cancer. The initial symptoms were nasal obstruction, mucopurulent rhinorrhea, epistaxis, snoring, hoarseness, dysphagia, odynophagia, serous otitis, hearing loss, tinnitus, and otalgia. Physical examination result was variable, from an apparently normal mucosa, to an evident mass, or a mucosa with an adenotic or swollen appearance, ulcers, leukoplakic areas, and various combinations thereof. CT and MRI findings included diffuse thickening, a soft-tissue mass, calcification within the mass and bone destruction resembling malignancy. Histologic examination showed granulomas with a central necrotic focus surrounded by epithelioid histiocytes and multinucleated Langhan's giant cells. Acid-fast bacilli were difficult to demonstrate but found in 13/45 cases. Follow-up data were available in 42 patients.

CONCLUSIONSPrimary TB arising in the head and neck mucosa is rare. It may mimic or co-exist with other conditions. The characteristic histopathology is a granuloma with central caseous necrosis and Langhans'giant cells. Identification of acid-fast bacilli and bacteriologic culture confirm the diagnosis of mycobacterial disease.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antitubercular Agents ; therapeutic use ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; complications ; microbiology ; surgery ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; complications ; microbiology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases ; diagnostic imaging ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; pathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Tuberculin Test ; Tuberculosis ; diagnostic imaging ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Tuberculosis, Laryngeal ; complications ; surgery ; Tuberculosis, Oral ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Young Adult

An unusual case of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea with a pneumocephalus is described in a middle-aged woman who presented with a watery nasal discharge for 1 week and headache, vomiting, and fever for 1 day. The neurological examination revealed meningeal signs and bilateral papilledema. The CSF picture suggested pyogenic meningitis, and computed tomography of the brain revealed pneumocephalus. Diagnostic nasal endoscopy showed outpouching of the dura from the left olfactory cleft with a CSF leak and granular nasal mucosa. The defect was repaired surgically, and a biopsy of that area revealed granulomatous changes suggestive of tuberculosis. The patient recovered completely with standard four-drug antitubercular therapy. To our knowledge spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea with pneumocephalus occurring secondary to nasal tuberculosis has not been previously reported.
Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use ; Biopsy ; Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea/diagnosis/*etiology/therapy ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Nose Diseases/*complications/diagnosis/microbiology/therapy ; Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures ; Pneumocephalus/diagnosis/*etiology/therapy ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome ; Tuberculosis/*complications/diagnosis/microbiology/therapy

Deglutition Disorders ; Humans ; Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases