An Oriental medicine awareness survey was performed with the doctors having graduated from Nara Medical University. The questionnaire was mailed to the doctors having trained there 3, 4 and 5 years after their graduation. The collection rate was 24.1%. The percentage of doctors with an interest in Oriental medicine was 83.0%. These doctors believed that Oriental medicine exerts a different efficacy from western medicine. In contrast, the doctors (17%) with no interest in Oriental medicine answered that they had little or no Oriental medicine knowledge and experience. Most doctors (89.8%) supposed that Oriental medicine will play a more important role in the future, and that Oriental medicine lectures and seminars are essential. It seems important, therefore, to give doctors more Oriental medicine instruction, to learn the basic theories, prescriptions, and diagnoses. Those doctors (93.2%) who answered in the affirmative said that they would make use of Oriental medicine in the future, presumably due to social trend.
Oriental Medicine ; Surveys ; Awareness ; Doctors ; Graduate

An Oriental (Kampo) medicine awareness survey was given to two student groups at Nara Medical University, for 3 years (2003-2005). One group consisted of 59 second-year students, 81 third-year students, and 77 fourth-year students, while the other group consisted of 72 third-year students, 51 fourth-year students, and 34 fifth-year students. Both student groups received Kampo lectures in 2004. Student's interest increased through 2003 to 2005 from 85.4%, to 82.5% and 94.6% respectively, as they gained a more positive image of Oriental medicine year by year. They also came to understand that Oriental medicine efficacy differs, from that of western medicine. On the other hand, those students showing little interest had less knowledge Kampo medicine philosophies. Female students held a higher positive image of Kampo medicine, than they had before the surveys. But the degree of disagreement between male and female students was not so largely altered, as all students advanced through medical school. Most believed that Oriental medicine will play a more important role in the future, and that Oriental (Kampo) medicine lectures are an important part of their medical education. Therefore, it is essential that medical students are given more exposure to Kampo medicine, through further meetings and lectures. In addition, Kampo medicine needs to be demonstrated, both clinically and in principle, as a complementary and alternative medical philosophy to those students and doctors who still maintain a negative image.
Medicine, Kampo ; Medicine ; Oriental Medicine ; Students, Medical ; Students

Advantage of oriental medicine of Japan has been stressed in this paper. This advantage should be utilized for globalization of the oriental medicine of Japan.
Century ; Asians ; Oriental Medicine ; Medicine ; Japan

During Colonial Period, Western Medicine was introduced, and due to the lean-to-one-side policy by the Japanese, Western Medicine became the mainstream medical science while Oriental Medicine was pushed to the outskirts. The general public in colonial period got help from medical profession after they tried something they could do at home when they got sick or injured. There were differences to get help from western or traditional medicine according to their economic status, living area, and educational status, the character of disease or injury, etc. In general, public made more use of traditional medicine than western medicine. Although the traditional medicine had better regional and economic approach, there was another important factor that made the general public prefer traditional medicine to western medicine. The general public had strong belief in the treatment of traditional medicine. There was no strong belief that western medicine was better in scientific ground and modern than oriental medicine. In spite of their general preference for traditional medicine, the general public had some conflict in everyday choice on medicine. The belief of relatives, personal experience, economic status, the character of the disease made the conflict possible. Sometime the general public chose both traditional and western medicine altogether.
Western World/history ; Medicine, Oriental Traditional/*history ; Korea ; Japan ; Humans ; History, 20th Century ; Colonialism/history ; *Attitude to Health

This thesis examines the academical trend of Oriental Medicine in the Japanese colonial period observed through medical books published during the Japanese colonial period. This is a period in which Western Medicine was introduced, and due to the lean-to-one-side policy by the Japanese, Western Medicine became the mainstream medical science while Oriental Medicine was pushed to the outskirts. Even after all this, the academic activity was flourishing during this period compared to any other periods. This article is divide into various chapters each with its own theme in order to understand the academic trend of Oriental Medicine during the Japanese colonial period. Focusing on the publication of medical books, this article is divided and observed according to various themes such as the study of Dong-Eui-Bo-Gam, the study of Bang-Yak-Hap-Pyeun, the study of Sang-Han-Ron, the study of Sa-sang constitutional medicine, the study of Eui-Hak-Ip-Mun, the study about Bu-Yang-Ron, On-Bo-Ron, and pediatrics, compromise between Western and Oriental Medicine, the study of experience medicine, the study of acupuncture and moxibustion, and etc.
Western World/history ; Medicine, Oriental Traditional/*history ; Japan ; Humans ; History, 20th Century ; Colonialism/*history ; Books/history

It is generally known that the Western medical missionaries played an important role in introducing Western medicine into Korea. However, little is known about their role in introducing traditional medicine of Korea to the Western world. The present paper aims at showing various efforts of the Western medical missionaries to understand the Korean traditional medicine and to introduce it to the Western world. Allen payed attention to the clinical effect and commercial value of the Ginseng; Busteed gave anthropological descriptions of the traditional medical practice; Landis translated a part of the most cherished medical textbook of Korean traditional medicine Dong-Eui-Bo-Gam into English; Mills, along with his colleagues in Severance Union Medical College, tried more scientific approaches toward the traditional medicine. All these various efforts proves that the attitudes of the Western medical missionaries cannot be summarized as one simplistic view, that is, the orientalism, a term which is quite en vogue today. Of course, we cannot deny that there may be such elements, but to simplify the whole history as such does not only reflect the fact, but also miss a lot of things to be reflected in history.
Western World/history ; Missions and Missionaries/*history/psychology ; Medicine, Oriental Traditional/*history ; Korea ; Humans ; History, 20th Century ; History, 19th Century ; Attitude of Health Personnel

PURPOSE: The purpose of this longitudinal study was to examine the relationship between postpartum care performance and postpartum health status. SAMPLE: The study subjects were 82 mothers who delivered full-term infants at 3 hospitals at P city. Data were collected for their health status at the postpartum unit and the sample was followed up to 6 weeks postpartum to collect postpartum care performance and health status. RESULTS: Mothers rated postpartum care performance as moderate to high and especially rated the maternal role attainment the highest. Mothers experienced 4 physical symptoms and moderate levels of fatigue. In addition, they experienced moderate levels of positive affect and low levels of negative affect at both times. Canonical correlation revealed that postpartum care performance was related to postpartum health status with 2 significant canonical variables. The first variate indicated that mothers who performed hospitality, physical and emotional recovery, self-caring, and role attainment well showed higher positive affects, lower negative affects, fewer physical symptoms, and lower levels of fatigue. The second variate showed that the greater the performance of caring and physical and emotional recovery, the fewer physical symptoms and lower levels of fatigue. CONCLUSION: Although Korean traditional postpartum care performance was related to postpartum health status, the further study is needed to identify the causal relationship between them. Nurses need to integrate the perspective of westernized postpartum care and Korean traditional views of postpartum approach to maintain and promote women's health better.
Pregnancy ; *Postnatal Care ; *Obstetrical Nursing ; *Medicine, Oriental Traditional ; Korea ; Humans ; *Health Status ; Female ; Adult

Meridian and acupuncture point (MAP) is a core theory of acupuncture and essential building blocks of oriental medicine. There still continue theoretic or experimental arguments and controversies on the origination or original concept of MAP, without any definite approval or disapproval of a hypothesis. The theory of MAP is an historic product and has never been outside of historic influences. This study discusses the original concept of meridian and acupuncture point theory and its historical evolution, based on the review of classic literatures on meridian including the mawangdui medical texts of Han dynasty. The concept of MAP served as a empirical reference system in clinical settings irrespective of the anatomical entity of MAP.
*Meridians ; Medicine, Oriental Traditional/*history ; Humans ; History, Ancient ; Acupuncture Therapy/history ; *Acupuncture Points

Miki Sakae was a Medical historian, who is well known for his studies of Korean medicine. He authored the renowned trilogy which dealt with subjects of Korean medicine and diseases, namely the (History of Korean Medicine and of Diseases in Korea), (Bibliography of Korean Medical Books), and (The Chronological Table of Medical Events in Korea), during the Japanese Occupation period. He was born in 1903 in Osaka, Japan, and graduated from the Kyushu College of Medicine. In 1928 he was assigned to the Gyeongseong Imperial University's College of Medicine as a professor, and also served as Chief of the Suweon Provincial Hospital while he was staying in Korea. During the 18-year period of his stay, he widely collected medical books of Korea and also thoroughly studied them. He returned to Japan in 1944 due to the illness of his father, but continued his studies of Korean medicine, and in 1955 published the (History of Korean Medicine and of Diseases in Korea) for the first time. Following such accomplishment, (Bibliography of Korean Medical Books) was published in 1956, the next year, and finally (The Chronological Table of Medical Events in Korea) was published a few decades later, in 1985. Since the 1950s, aside of continuing to study and author the history of Korean medicine, he had also engaged himself in a joint effort associated with the members of the Medical History Association of Japan (which also included the alumni of the Kyushu College of Medicine) in a group study of Huseya Soteki the first Japanese Experimental Physiologist. He also attempted at establishing an academic branch which could be referred to as Experimental Historical Studies of Medicine, by recreating the experiments of Huseya Sotek with his own son.Later he also expanded his interest and studies to the medical history of the world and also the area of Medical Ethics. But his ultimate interest and passion were always targeted at the Medicine of Korea, and the one consistent position he maintained during his entire life regarding the Korean medicine, was that 'One can only talk about the medicine of China and Japan when he or she is well versed in the medicine of Korea'. And his lifetime achievement, (History of Korean Medicine and of Diseases in Korea) was authored upon the basis established by such conviction and philosophy. First, in this book the perspective of Cultural Transmission, which considers the flow of cultural qualities and assets to be ordinarily flowing from highly developed regions to less developed ones, was firmly maintained.
Medicine, Oriental Traditional/*history ; Korea ; History, 20th Century ; *History of Medicine ; Historiography

Lee Je-ma (1837-1900) was a prominent scholar as well as an Korean physician. He classified every people into four distinctive types: greater yang[tai yang] person, lesser yin[shao yin] person, greater yin[tai yin] person, lesser yin[shao yin] person. This theory would dictate proper treatment for each type in accordance with individual differences of physical and temperament features. Using these four types he created The Medical Science of Four Types. This article is intended to look into the connection between Lee Je-Ma's 'The Medical Science of Four Types' and 'The Modern' with organizing his ideas about the human body and the human being. Through The Modern, the theory of human being underwent a complete change. Human being in The Premodern, which was determined by sex, age and social status has been changed to the individual human being, which is featured by equality. Lee Je-Ma's medical theory of The Medical Science of Four Types would be analyzed as follow. His concept of human body is oriented toward observable objectivity. But on the other hand it still remains transcendent status of medical science, which is subordinated by philosophy. According to Lee Je-Ma's theory of human being, human is an equal individual in a modern way of thinking, not as a part of hierarchical group. But on the other hand, it still remains incomplete from getting rid of morality aspect that includes virtue and vice in the concept of human body. The common factors in Lee Je-Ma's ideas about the human body and the human being is 'Dualism of mind and body' that means all kinds of status and results depends on each individual.As is stated above, Lee Je-Ma's medical theory has many aspects of The Modern and it proves that Korean traditional medicine could be modernized by itself.
Philosophy, Medical/*history ; Mind-Body Relations (Metaphysics) ; Medicine, Oriental Traditional/*history ; Korea ; Humans ; *Human Body ; History, 19th Century