1.Green, Open Spaces and Transport for Healthy and Sustainable Cities in Asian Developing Countries
Kiran Kumari Singh ; Piyawat Katewongsa ; Nurrohman Wijaya ; Soo Chen Kwan
Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences 2021;17(No.3):139-148
		                        		
		                        			
		                        			Introduction: This paper presents the case studies of the green, open spaces and transport issues in three cities of 
the Asian region based on the work of participants from the Workshop of Health in Urban Planning. Methods: Three 
case studies were collected from the participants of Thailand, India, and Indonesia, and compiled under the theme. 
Results: The first case study presents findings from the Thailand’s Survey on Physical Activity (SPA), and various 
strategies taken by the Thai government to improve physical activity levels among the Thai population and children, 
including improved accessibility, walkability; and reconstruction of school curricula. The second case study is an 
empirical study of the geographical extent and type of green spaces accessible to the urban population, and their 
usage in the city of Varanasi, India, in the wake of Yoga practice popularity. The third case study discusses the insufficient transport infrastructures, along with the influx of visitors from outside the city as the cause of severe traffic 
congestions and emissions in Bandung city, Indonesia. The governments’ action plans and recommendations for improvements of the city environment are discussed. Conclusion: Integrating health into urban and transport planning 
needs co-operations from multiple stakeholders including the government, private sectors, and the communities, 
especially from the early phase of development.
		                        		
		                        		
		                        		
		                        	
            
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