The Expert Consensus on Clinical Application of Qinbaohong Zhike Oral Liquid in Treatment of Acute Bronchitis and Acute Attack of Chronic Bronchitis （GS/CACM 337-2023） was released by the China Association of Chinese Medicine on December 13^th， 2023. This expert consensus was developed by experts in methodology， pharmacy， and Chinese medicine in strict accordance with the development requirements of the China Association of Chinese Medicine （CACM） and based on the latest medical evidence and the clinical medication experience of well-known experts in the fields of respiratory medicine （pulmonary diseases） and pediatrics. This expert consensus defines the application of Qinbaohong Zhike oral liquid in the treatment of cough and excessive sputum caused by phlegm-heat obstructing lung， acute bronchitis， and acute attack of chronic bronchitis from the aspects of applicable populations， efficacy evaluation， usage， dosage， drug combination， and safety. It is expected to guide the rational drug use in medical and health institutions， give full play to the unique value of Qinbaohong Zhike oral liquid， and vigorously promote the inheritance and innovation of Chinese patent medicines.

Objective To investigate the association between lifestyle and risk of heart disease and diabetes in the elderly population in Xi'an City. Methods From January 2021 to January 2024, a staged cluster sampling method was used to investigate the lifestyle and the occurrence of heart disease and diabetes in elderly population aged 60 years and above in the communities of Xi'an. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between lifestyle and the risk of heart disease and diabetes. Results A total of 413 elderly people were investigated, of which 31.96% had heart disease, 27.12% had diabetes, and 10.90% had diabetes with heart disease. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age, BMI, family history, sweet food preference, smoking, and sitting and lying for a long time were risk factors for diabetes in the elderly population (P<0.05). Age, BMI, family history, history of diabetes, preference for salted products, smoking, drinking, and sitting and lying for a long time were risk factors for heart disease in the elderly population (P<0.05). Conclusion The incidence rates of heart disease and diabetes are high in the elderly population in Xi'an City. The risk of diabetes is related to unhealthy lifestyles such as sweet food preference, smoking, and sitting and lying for a long time, while heart disease is related to unhealthy lifestyles such as preference for salted products, smoking, drinking, and sitting and lying for a long time.

Objective To investigate the association between lifestyle and risk of heart disease and diabetes in the elderly population in Xi'an City. Methods From January 2021 to January 2024, a staged cluster sampling method was used to investigate the lifestyle and the occurrence of heart disease and diabetes in elderly population aged 60 years and above in the communities of Xi'an. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between lifestyle and the risk of heart disease and diabetes. Results A total of 413 elderly people were investigated, of which 31.96% had heart disease, 27.12% had diabetes, and 10.90% had diabetes with heart disease. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age, BMI, family history, sweet food preference, smoking, and sitting and lying for a long time were risk factors for diabetes in the elderly population (P<0.05). Age, BMI, family history, history of diabetes, preference for salted products, smoking, drinking, and sitting and lying for a long time were risk factors for heart disease in the elderly population (P<0.05). Conclusion The incidence rates of heart disease and diabetes are high in the elderly population in Xi'an City. The risk of diabetes is related to unhealthy lifestyles such as sweet food preference, smoking, and sitting and lying for a long time, while heart disease is related to unhealthy lifestyles such as preference for salted products, smoking, drinking, and sitting and lying for a long time.

Objective To compare H_p(3) calibration with a homemade (A) thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) and an imported (B) TLD in a standard X-ray RQR radiation field, to explore the different responses of A and B, and to provide foundation for the calibration of H_p(3). Methods A column mode was selected. H_p(3) calibration was performed using A and B in a standard X-ray RQR radiation field in the Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory, National Institute for Radiological Protection, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Angle response, energy response, and linear response were calibrated with RQR4 (60 kV), RQR7 (90 kV), and RQR9 (120 kV), respectively. Results In terms of angle response, the calibration results of A were relatively high, while the calibration results of B were relatively low. In terms of energy response, the calibration results showed a similar pattern to angle response. In terms of linear response, the calibration results of both A and B were satisfactory. Conclusion Both A and B can be used for normal calibration of H_p(3) in a standard X-ray RQR radiation field. However, in actual monitoring, attention should be paid to the energy and angle response values of TLDs.

Objective To improve the level of diagnosis and treatment through analyzing the clinical characteristics,treatment and prognosis with testicular torsion in children.Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of 221 boys with testicular torsion,who received trearment from May 2003 to May 2023 at the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University and Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital.Data analysed included:clinical characteristics,treatment progress and outcome.Results The peak onset age of testicular torsion in children was infancy and prepuberty(71％).The incidence of left side(77％)was higher than that of right side(23％).The first symptoms were mainly scrotal pain and swelling(62％),but some cases mainly manifested lower abdominal pain and inguinal pain(11％).The rate of misdiagnosis and mistreatment of patients in basic hospitals was high.Scrotal color Doppler ultrasonography is the first choice for assistant examination,and mainly showed none or dramatically decrease of blood supply in testis,and abnormal axial direction.The golden time for testicular torsion diagnosis was within 8 hours.The chief pathological manifestation were interstitial hyperemia,edema and seminiferous tubules degeneration within 8 hours,and hemorrhagic necrosis or infarction over 8 hours.Conclusions Children Testicular torsion occurs more frequently in infancy and prepuberty,torsion position in the left side is more than that in right side.The main symptoms are scrotal pain and swelling,as well as lower abdominal or inguinal pain.Testicular pathological lesion is closely associated with the diagnosis time and degree of torsion.

Objective:To explore the application value and surgical experience of neuroendoscopic resection for pediatric patients with cerebellar tumors.Methods:This was a case series study.The clinical data and outcomes of 30 pediatric patients with cerebellar tumors treated through neuroendoscopic surgery in the Department of Neurosurgery, the Guizhou Hospital of Shanghai Children′s Medical Center and Guizhou Provincial People′s Hospital from January 2021 to January 2024 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Twenty-six patients underwent total resection, 3 patients underwent subtotal resection, and 1 patient underwent biopsy.Postoperative pathological findings showed 9 cases of medulloblastoma, 3 cases of ependymoma, 17 cases of astrocytoma (5 cases of World Health Organization Grade Ⅰ, 3 cases of Grade Ⅱ, and 9 cases of Grade Ⅲ), and 1 case of cerebellar benign lesion.During the perioperative period, malignant arrhythmia occurred and induced death in 1 case, cerebellar mutism occurred in 12 cases, and ataxia occurred in 22 cases.During the 1-36 months of follow-up, 2 cases developed communicating hydrocephalus at the 2 nd and the 6 th month, respectively, and improved after ventriculoperitoneal shunt; cerebellar mutism was relieved to varying degrees after an average postoperative follow-up period of (115±23) days(46-194 days), and ataxia was alleviated after an average postoperative follow-up period of (127±42) days(27-173 days).Tumors relapsed in 5 cases during the last follow-up. Conclusions:Neuroendoscopy provides an alternative to the microscope for experienced operators to achieve the surgical exposure requirements during the resection of pediatric cerebellar vermis tumors.

Objective:To investigate the predictive values of baseline hematoma mean CT value and shape regularity (SR) for hematoma enlargement (HE) in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).Methods:Patients with ICH admitted to Yulin First Hospital from June 2018 to December 2021 were retrospectively included. The first head CT scan was performed within 24 h of onset, and the second head CT scan was performed within 72 h of the first scan. HE was defined as an increase in hematoma volume of at least 6 ml or 33% from the first CT. 3D Slicer software was used to reconstruct 3D images and SR was calculated. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent factor for HE. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of baseline hematoma mean CT value for HE. Results:A total of 249 patients with ICH were enrolled, including 134 males (53.8%), and aged 62.2±12.1 years. The median baseline Glasgow Coma Scale score was 12, and the median time from onset to first CT scan was 3.1 h. The median baseline hematoma volume was 10.9 ml, and 58 patients (23.3%) showed HE. The baseline hematoma mean CT value in the HE group (58.5±3.2 HU vs. 60.3±3.3 HU; P<0.01) and baseline SR (0.615±0.146 vs. 0.688±0.100; P<0.001) were significantly lower in the non-HE group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the time from onset to first CT scan (odds ratio [ OR] 0.867, 95% confidence interval [ CI] 0.786-0.957; P=0.004), the baseline hematoma volume ( OR 1.050, 95% CI 1.028-1.073; P<0.001), and the baseline hematoma mean CT value ( OR 0.809, 95% CI 0.725-0.902; P<0.001) were the independent predictors of HE, while the baseline SR had no significant independent correlation with HE. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of baseline hematoma mean CT value for predicting HE was 0.652 (95% CI 0.573-0.731; P<0.001), with an optimal cutoff value of 57.97 HU. The sensitivity and specificity for predicting HE were 50% and 75.9%, respectively. Conclusion:The baseline hematoma mean CT value is an independent factor for HE in patients with ICH and has certain predictive value for HE.

Objective : To investigate the effect of miR-135a-5p on the expression levels of insulin-like factor 3 (INSL3) and testosterone in the testicular tissues of flutamide-induced cryptorchidism mouse． Methods : A model of flutamide-induced cryptorchidism in mouse was constructed，and the experiment was divided into normal control group，flutamide group，flutamide + miR-135a-5p knockdown group and flutamide + miR-135a-5p overexpression group. RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression levels of miR-135a-5p and INSL3 mRNA．Western blot was em- ployed to assess the protein expression level of INSL3．ELISA was performed to measure the expression level of tes- tosterone. Results : The expression levels of miR-135a-5p，INSL3 mRNA and protein and testosterone were significantly down-regulated in the testis of cryptorchid mice by flutamide (P＜0. 05) ．Knockdown of miR-135a-5p could downregulate the expression of INSL3 mRNA，INSL3 protein and testosterone (P ＜0. 01 ) ，while overexpression of miR-135a-5p had the opposite result． Conclusion miR-135a-5p decreased in flutamide-induced cryptorchidism mouse testicular tissues，and overexpression of miR-135a-5p could restore the expression levels of INSL3 and testosterone.

Objective:To examine the influencing factors of endothelial injury using the structural equation model (SEM).Methods:A total of 6 861 asymptomatic individuals free of cardiovascular disease underwent health examinations at the health management center of the third Xiangya hospital, Central South University from May 2015 to August 2020. And collected their questionnaire and checkup data. Spearman′s rank correlation coefficient was used to analyze metabolic factors and brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD). Exploratory factor analysis (3 430/6 861) and confirmatory factor analysis (3 431/6 861) were conducted on the diet items. An SEM was constructed using the diet pattern data, cardiovascular risk factors and FMD, and using multi-path regression analysis to determine the correlation between the indicators.Results:Based on the factor analysis, diet items were divided into three patterns: healthy food, meat, and supplementary food. The SEM indicated that age ( β=0.27) and blood pressure ( β=0.12) had obvious effects on low FMD. Triglyceride ( β=0.03), fasting blood glucose ( β=0.04), and body mass index ( β=0.08) were positively correlated with low FMD. On the upstream, healthy food was negatively correlated with blood pressure ( β=-0.04) and body mass index ( β=-0.04), meat was positively correlated with triglyceride ( β=0.33), blood pressure ( β=0.06), fasting blood glucose ( β=0.20), and body mass index ( β=0.16), and supplementary food was negatively correlated with fasting blood glucose ( β=-0.30). This was the only pattern that was directly correlated with FMD ( β=0.05). Conclusions:SEM is an effective method to analyze the influence of various risk factors on the population and the relationship between individual indicators. This study revealed direct and indirect correlations between age, diet pattern, cardiovascular-metabolic risk, and FMD impairment. Comprehensive control of dietary patterns and metabolic indicators could prevent and improve early cardiovascular injury.

Objective:To explore the correlation analysis between psychological status and blood pressure of residents in medium-risk areas during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, and provide references for early psychological intervention and hypertension management during the COVID-19 epidemic.Methods:From January 4 to 8, 2021, the convenience sampling method was used to conduct psychological questionnaire surveys on residents and employees of enterprises in the medium-risk area and surrounding areas of Jiuxianqiao, Chaoyang District, Beijing. General data (gender, age, height, weight, history of smoking and drinking, previous medical history), and home blood pressure monitoring were collected. Pearson′s χ 2 test was used to compare different factors (anxiety, depression, age, gender, body mass index, smoking, drinking, and history of chronic diseases) in normal blood pressure or not. A multivariate logistic regression analysis model was established to explore independent risk factors of abnormal blood pressure. Results:No anxiety accounted for 75% (684/912), and anxiety accounted for 25% (228/912). No depression accounted for 67% (611/912), depression accounted for 33% (301/912). Both anxiety and depression accounted for 23% (210/912). The substandard blood pressure accounted for 10.3% (94/912). The incidence of poor blood pressure control in participants with anxiety was 30.7% (70/228), which was significantly higher than that of participants without anxiety 3.5% (24/684) (χ 2=136.779, P<0.001). The incidence of poor blood pressure control in participants with depression 27.2% (82/301) was significantly higher than that of participants without depression 2.0% (12/611) (χ 2=139.388, P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed anxiety ( OR=3.261, P<0.001), depression ( OR=7.928, P<0.001), and complications of chronic diseases ( OR=3.207, P<0.001) were closely related to whether blood pressure was under control. Conclusions:During the COVID-19 epidemic, the psychological status of residents and employees in medium-risk areas should be screened and interventions implemented accordingly to prevent unstable blood pressure caused by anxiety or depression.