Objective: To conduct a scoping review on the types, construction methods and predictive performance of health literacy prediction models based on machine learning methods, so as to provide the reference for the improvement and application of such models. Methods: Publications on health literacy prediction models conducted using machine learning methods were retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, PubMed and Web of Science from inception to May 1, 2024. The quality of literature was assessed using the Prediction Model Risk of Bias ASsessment Tool. Basic characteristics, modeling methods, data sources, missing value handling, predictors and predictive performance were reviewed. Results: A total of 524 publications were retrieved, and 22 publications between 2007 and 2024 were finally enrolled. Totally 48 health literacy prediction models were involved, and 25 had a high risk of bias (52.08%), with major issues focusing on missing value handling, predictor selection and model evaluation methods. Modeling methods included regression models, tree-based machine learning methods, support vector machines and neural network models. Predictors primarily encompassed factors at four aspects: individual, interpersonal, organizational and society/policy aspects, with age, educational level, economic status, health status and internet use appearing frequently. Internal validation was conducted in 14 publications, and external validation was conducted in 4 publications. Forty-two models reported the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve, which ranged from 0.52 to 0.983, indicating good discrimination. Conclusion Health literacy prediction models based on machine learning methods perform well, but have deficiencies in risk of bias, data processing and validation.

Abstract Health literate schools (HeLit-Schools) play a significant role in fostering students health literacy. The paper elucidates the background and conceptual connotations of HeLit-Schools, and analyzes how HeLit-Schools effectively integrate and enhance the health literacy of schools in three aspects: philosophy and core drivers, strategy and method implementation, as well as evaluation mechanisms and standard setting. Furthermore, the paper explores the implications of foreign HeLit-Schools research and practice for China under the context of "Healthy China" construction, as well as the key strategies for Chinese schools in the implementation of HeLit-Schools, aiming to provide a new perspective and theoretical support for Chinese schools to practice the "Healthy China initiative" and strengthen school construction from the perspective of health literacy.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease. At present, levodopa and other drugs are mainly used for dopamine supplementation therapy. However, the absorption of levodopa in the gastrointestinal tract is unstable and its half-life is short, and long-term use of levodopa will lead to the end-of-dose deterioration, dyskinesia, the "ON-OFF" phenomenon and other symptoms. Therefore, new preparations need to be developed to improve drug efficacy, reduce side effects or improve compliance of patients. Based on the above clinical needs, this review briefly introduced the preparation modification strategies for the treatment of PD through case analysis, in order to provide references for the research and development of related preparations.

Abstract As dietary issues of children and adolescents become increasingly complex, the assessment of food literacy (FL) is increasingly importance. FL involves a comprehensive cognition and practical ability concerning food among children, playing a key role in fostering healthy eating habits and improving health levels. The article explores the definition and connotations of FL, and introduces eight FL assessment tools in terms of theoretical foundations, dimensions, assessment methods, and their reliability and validity. Moreover, it provides a comparative analysis of these tools by examining their dimensional design, evaluation indicators, strengths, and weaknesses, as well as their applicable subjects and scenarios, aiming to offer references for implementing relevant policies and developing more comprehensive and effective FL assessment tools.

OBJECTIVE To establish the quality standards of medicinal materials in light of related methods in the general principles of part four of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 Edition), and to conduct systematic research on the Tibetan medicine "Yajima"(Chrysosplenium axillare). METHODS The powder characteristics of medicinal materials were described by microscopic identification method. Silica gel GF254 thin-layer plate was employed to establish a TLC identification method with 5-O-demethylapulein and oxyayanin A as reference substances. Loss on drying, total ash, acid-insoluble ash and ethanol-soluble extractives of 10 batches of Chrysosplenium axillare were determined according to the general principles of part four of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 Edition). HPLC was used to establish the characteristic chromatogram of Chrysosplenium axillare, and the content determination method was established with chrysosplenoside I(CI) and chrysosplenoside A(CA) as the quality control index components of Chrysosplenium axillare. RESULTS The water content, total ash, acid-insoluble ash, ethanol-soluble extractive and the content of CI and CA of all samples varied in the ranges of 9.17%−12.52%, 14.11%−16.74%, 1.50%−4.72%, 32.77%−40.30%, 0.30%−0.99% and 0.28%−0.88%, respectively. CONCLUSION The identification and content determination methods of Yajima(Chrysosplenium axillare) are established for the first time. The methods are easy to operate and exclusive, which is of great significance to accurately evaluate the internal quality of medicinal materials and ensure the quality of drug used.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of respiratory trainer in the patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) undergoing non-invasive positive pressure ven-tilation.Methods A total of 85 patients with COPD undergoing non-invasive positive pressure ventilation ad-mitted and treated in the Affiliated Minda Hospital of Hubei Nationalities University during 2019-2023 were selected as the study subjects and divided into the experiment group and the control group through random number table method.The control group adopted the symptomatic and supportive treatment such as routine non-invasive positive pressure ventilation,anti-infection,preparation aspiration for spasmolysis and eliminating phlegm,while on the base of the control group,the experiment group adopted respiratory trainer (K5) for re-spiratory training each once in the morning and at night.The differences in the related indexes were compared between the two groups.Results The percentage of forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1％),forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced lung capacity (FEV1/FVC),COPD assessment test (CAT) score,modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale (mMRC) score,6-min walking distance (6MWD),SGRQ score,maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP),maximum expiratory pressure (MEP),partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) and PaO2 on 3,7 d after treatment in both groups had statistically significant differ-ence compared with before treatment (P<0.05),and the improvement of the above indicators in the experi-ment group was more significant compared with the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion Respiratory train-er could improve the clinical effect and pulmonary ventilation function in the patients with acute exacerbation of COPD undergoing non-invasive positive pressure ventilation.

Sarcopenia is a syndrome associated with decreased muscle mass,decreased muscle strength,and reduced physical performance. Due to multiple factors such as tumor metabolism,systemic inflammatory response,disease progression,and reduced physical activity associated with treatment itself,the risk of sarcopenia in patients with lung cancer is higher than that of the general population. Sarcopenia is closely related to the clinical outcomes,including increased risk for mortality,and significantly impacts patients' long-term quality of life and mental health. This study systematic reviewed the risk factors for sarcopenia in patients with lung cancer,its negative effects on clinical outcomes,long-term quality of life and mental health,and the interventions for sarcopenia. Given the significant impact of sarcopenia on patients with lung cancer,it is urgent to explore a multidisciplinary intervention model to improve their survival and quality of life.

Objective To investigate the effect of minocycline(Mino)on the polarization of types M1/M2 microglia(pro-and anti-inflammatory type)in the spinal dorsal horn of rats with neuropathic pain(NP)induced by spinal nerve ligation(SNL)and its underlying mechanism.Methods A total of 36 adult male SD rats were randomly stratified into Sham-operation(Sham)group,SNL group and Mino+SNL group by stratified random sampling based on body weight.Mechanical pain threshold and cold nociceptive thresholds of rat hind paw were measured in 1 d before and 14 d after modelling.Spinal cord tissue at the lumbar 5(L5)segment was taken at 14 d after modelling,and the total number of microglia as well as the numbers of M1 and M2 microglia in the spinal dorsal horn were measured with immunohistochemistry and stereology.With aid of bioinformatics techniques,the core target in the spinal cord,Cst7,was selected.Then,the protein levels of microglia marker Iba-1,M1 microglia marker iNOS,M2 microglia marker CD206,Cst7 encoded protein cystatin F(CF)and pathway CatS/CX3CL1/CX3CR1 were detected with Western blotting.The expression levels of TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-10 in the spinal cord tissues were measured with ELISA.Results The mechanical pain and cold nociceptive thresholds were both significantly higher in the M+SNL group than the SNL group at 7～14 d after modelling(P＜0.01).The total number of microglia and the numbers of M1/M2 microglia in the spinal dorsal horn as well as the expression levels of CatS,CX3CL1,CX3CR1,TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-10 in the spinal cord tissues were obviously increased,and the expression level of CF was notably decreased in the SNL model group than the Sham group(P＜0.01).While,Mino treatment remarkably reversed above phenomena,with decreased total number of microglia and number of M1 microglia as well as expression levels of CatS,CX3CL1,CX3CR1,TNF-α and IL-6,and increased number of M2 microglia as well as CF and IL-10 levels when compared with the SNL group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Mino alleviates SNL induced neuropathic pain,probably through up-regulating CF in the microglia,and thus inhibiting the CatS/CX3CL1/CX3CR1 signaling pathway,promoting the conversion of microglia from type M1 to M2 to balance the imbalance in the M1/M2 polarization,and thus reducing neuroinflammation.

The inflammatory effect of dietary is strongly related to the development of cancer,therefore,the diet-related inflammatory index was developed as a methodological tool to investigate the relationship between dietary,inflammation and tumors.In this paper,we summarized the results on diet-related inflammatory indices and common cancers of the digestive system based on relevant cancer epidemiological studies.The available epidemiological evidence suggests that pro-inflammatory diet is associated with an increased risk of gastrointestinal malignancies,with the strongest association with colorectal cancer,followed by esophageal and gastric cancers,and then pancreatic cancer,and the least evidence of studies with liver cancer.Among these studies,the level of evidence for esophageal cancer is lower than colorectal cancer,the study of gastric cancer has gender differences and problems in adjusting for confounders,and the study of pancreatic cancer has heterogeneous results.In view of the current research progress and deficiencies,prospective studies or population-based cohort studies,as well as strengthening nutritional epidemiological studies related to common tumors such as liver cancer could be considered in the future.This review is expecting to provide basic information and scientific basis for strengthening the related healthy eating behavior promotion in the prevention and control of digestive system tumors.

Objective:To explore the impact of the hospital health literacy environment on patients′ postoperative pain self-management behaviors, aiming to provide insights for hospitals to implement the Comprehensive Pain Management Pilot Work Program in hospitals and to promote self-health management among patients with other diseases or symptoms. Methods:From November to December 2023, a convenience sampling method was used to select postoperative patients from three grade A tertiary general hospitals in Zhejiang Province for an on-site questionnaire survey. The Chinese version of brief health literacy screen (BHLS), short-form health literacy environment scale (SF-HLES) and postoperative pain self-management behavior questionnaire (PPSMB) were used as survey tools to investigate the health literacy level of patients, the health literacy environment of the hospital, and the postoperative pain management behaviors of patients. Two-way ANOVA was used to compare the impact of different dimensions of the hospital health literacy environment on postoperative pain management behaviors among patients with different levels of health literacy. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between the hospital health literacy environment, individual health literacy, and patients′ postoperative pain self-management behaviors, and to discuss the impact of individual health literacy on patients′ postoperative pain self-management behaviors under different hospital health literacy environments.Results:341 valid questionnaires were collected. The average score of the hospitals′ SF-HLES was (73.62±19.54) points. The average score of the patients′ BHLS was (9.65±2.88) points. The average score of the patients′ PPSMB was (25.99±6.35) points. Two-way ANOVA results showed that the interaction between individual health literacy and the clinical dimension ( F=5.463, P=0.020) and structural dimension ( F=6.470, P=0.011) of the hospital health literacy environment had a statistically significant impact on patients′ postoperative pain self-management behaviors, while the interaction with the interpersonal dimension ( F=0, P=0.984) had no statistically significant impact on pain self-management behaviors. Simple effect analysis indicated that only in the high health literacy environment of the clinical and structural dimensions did the difference in pain self-management behaviors between patients with good health literacy and those with limited health literacy had statistical significance ( P<0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis results showed that for each 1-point increase in the patients′ BHLS score, their PPSMB score increased by 3.74 points ( β1=0.832, P<0.001); for each 1-point increase in the hospital′s SF-HLES score, the patients′ PPSMB score could increase by 0.198 points ( β2=0.610, P<0.001). In a low health literacy environment, individual health literacy did not affect pain self-management behaviors ( P>0.05); however, in a high health literacy environment, for each 1-point increase in the patients′ BHLS score, their PPSMB score correspondingly increased by 4.037 points ( β4=0.317, P<0.001). Conclusions:The positive impact of individual health literacy on pain self-management is contingent upon a high-quality hospital health literacy environment. This suggests that optimizing the hospital health literacy environment is a necessary precondition for implementing the relevant content of the Comprehensive Pain Management Pilot Work Program and can provide a reference for promote self-health management among patients with pain and other diseases or symptoms.