Objective:To evaluate and summarize the best evidence on fatigue management in children with tumors both domestically and internationally, providing reference for medical and nursing staff to improve fatigue symptoms in children.Methods:The evidence on fatigue management in children with tumors, including best practices, recommended practices, guidelines, systematic reviews, evidence summaries, and expert consensus, was systematically retrieved from clinical decision support systems, guideline websites, professional association websites, and databases both domestically and internationally. The search period was from database establishment to April 2023. Two researchers independently conducted literature quality evaluation and evidence extraction.Results:A total of 17 articles were included, including four guidelines and 13 systematic reviews. Thirty-two best pieces of evidence were extracted from six aspects of assessment and screening, identification of risk factors, health education, exercise intervention, medication intervention, and other interventions of fatigue in children with tumors.Conclusions:The best evidence for fatigue management in children with tumors is summarized, which can provide a basis for medical and nursing staff to improve their fatigue symptoms. It is recommended that medical and nursing staff combine clinical context, professional opinions, and patient wishes to screen the best evidence and develop personalized fatigue management programs.

Objective To explore the potential transformation patterns and influencing factors of symp-toms and physical function in children with acute leukemia during chemotherapy.Methods A total of 109 children with acute leukemia who were treated in a children's hospital in Shanghai from March 2021 to Sep-tember 2022 were selected as the study subjects.The general information questionnaire and the Chinese ver-sion of the Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System(C-C-Ped-PROMIS)were used to e-valuate the symptoms and physical function at 1-3 days before chemotherapy(T1)and 7-17 days after chemotherapy(T2).Potential transition analysis was used for data processing.Results Three similar latent class features were identified at T1 and T2:the low distress group(T1:25.7％;T2:23.8％),the moderate dis-tress group(T1:42.2％;T2:43.6％)and the high distress group(T1:32.1％;T2:32.7％).The probability of maintaining the original group in the middle distress group and the high distress group was 60.3％and 72.3％,respectively.The probability of transition from the low distress group to the medium distress group and the high distress group was 40.2％and 22.3％,respectively.The probability of transition from the middle dis-tress group to the high distress group was 37.0％.In this study,16 cases(14.7％)were transitioned from the low distress group or the middle distress group to the high distress group,and there was a statistically signifi-cant difference in the distribution of daily fatigue within seven days at T1(P＜0.05).Conclusion The symp-toms and physical function of children with acute leukemia during chemotherapy are heterogeneous.The fa-tigue assessment at baseline can provide reference information for potential state transfer.Medical staff should give accurate supportive intervention for different stages of chemotherapy.

Objective·To describe the level of multiple symptom distress and physical activity in children and adolescents with cancer,analyze symptom distress profiles,and explicit the relationship between latent profiles and physical activity.Methods·From November 2021 to March 2023,the convenient sample method was used to recruit children and adolescents with cancer aged 10-18 years old,who had been treated for more than 1 month in the Departments of Hematology/Oncology,Shanghai Children's Medical Center and Xin Hua Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine.The questionnaires,including General Information Questionnaire,Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale 10-18(MSAS 10-18)and Modified Chinese Version of Children's Leisure Time Activities Study Survey(CLASS-C),were used.Latent profile analysis was used to identify whether the level of multiple symptom distress in children and adolescents with cancer was population heterogeneity and its explicit characteristics.Whether there were differences in physical activity levels among different profiles of symptom distress was also analyzed.Results· A total of 165 valid questionnaires were collected,with an effective response rate of 91.7％.The symptom distress scores of the top five occurrence rates of symptoms in children and adolescents with cancer were lack of energy with a median of 1(1,2)point,nausea 1(1,2)point,lack of appetite 2(2,3)points,sweat 1(1,2)point,and pain 1(1,2)point.The physical activity level of the patients was mainly light,with a median of 2 530.00(1 577.50,3 721.00)min/week,and moderate to vigorous physical activity was relatively lower[70.00(10.00,197.50)min/week].The patients with cancer could be divided into two latent profiles:"high fatigue-high nausea-high hair loss-high sleepy"and"high fatigue-low nausea-low vomiting-low sleepy",which were named as high symptom distress(n=47,30.6％)and low symptom distress(n=l 18,69.4％)separately.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia were more likely to be classified as high symptom distress group,and outpatients in the latest hospital visit were more likely to classified as low symptom distress group(both P＜0.05).In addition,patients with high symptom distress had a higher level of light physical activity(P＜0.05),and had a lower level of moderate to vigorous physical activity,but the difference was not statistically significant.Conclusion·There is population heterogeneity in the multiple symptom distress in children and adolescents with cancer.Disease type(acute leukemia)and the way of the latest hospital visit(through outpatient department)are the predictors of symptoms profiles of patients with cancer.Patients who experience high symptom distress have higher level of light physical activity,and perhaps lower level of moderate to vigorous physical activity.

Objective:To analyze the influential factors of hypothermia in congenital heart disease (CHD) after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) rewarming using the decision tree model, thus providing theoretical basis for medical staff.Methods:A total of 711 CHD children who underwent surgery in the Shanghai Children′s Medical Center from January 1, 2019 to April 30, 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.A decision tree model was established to predict the risk factors for hypothermia in CHD children following CPB.Results:The decision tree model showed that CPB program, preoperative nutrition score and body surface area were the high-risk factors for hypothermia in CHD children after CPB rewarming.The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity of the decision tree model were 86.45%, 77.14% and 90.97%, respectively, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.851(95% CI: 0.798-0.904). Conclusions:Decision tree model has a high application value in predicting hypothermia in CHD children following CPB.It contributes to identify the influential factors of hypothermia, and provides references for performing preventive treatment and nursing measures to control the risk of hypothermia.

Humans ; Hypothermia ; Perioperative Care ; Intraoperative Complications ; Patients ; Body Temperature

Objective:To retrieve, evaluate, and summarize the best evidence for peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) related thrombosis in children.Methods:Guideline websites, relevant society websites, and databases at China and abroad were searched for guidelines, evidence summaries, expert consensuses, and systematic reviews related to thrombosis before and after PICC catheterization in children published up to June 30, 2021 based on evidence-based nursing. The quality of the literature was independently evaluated by 2 researchers with reference to Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation InstrumentⅡ and the criteria of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) in Australia (2016) . Data were extracted from the literatures that met the standards through expert demonstration, and the evidence was graded and recommended according to the JBI evidence pre-grading system (2014 edition) .Results:A total of 11 articles were included, including 4 guidelines, 1 systematic review, 1 expert consensus, and 5 evidence summaries. 27 pieces of evidence were summarized from 7 aspects: organizational management, catheter selection, blood vessel selection and puncture, location of catheter tip, physical prevention, drug prevention, and evaluation.Conclusions:This paper summarizes and analyzes the best evidence for PICC-related thrombosis in children and provides an evidence-based reference for the clinical application and practice of PICC-related thrombosis in children.

Objective:To compare the capabilities of different chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis assessment tools, and seek a credible, reliable, highly sensitive and specific chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis assessment tool suitable for children and adolescents in China.Methods:From July 2019 to June 2020, convenience sampling was used to select 88 children from the Department of Hematology Oncology of Shanghai Children's Medical Center. The Chinese version of Children's International Mucositis Evaluation Scale (ChIMES) , Oral Assessment Guide (OAG) , and World Health Organization (WHO) oral mucositis classification were evaluated for all children in the three time periods, namely, before chemotherapy (T1: before the start of chemotherapy) , early chemotherapy (T2: the first to third days of chemotherapy) , and late chemotherapy (T3: the fourth day of chemotherapy and after) . Taking the result of WHO oral mucositis classification as the gold standard, and indicators such as sensitivity, specificity, relative operating characteristic (ROC) , and area under the curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the capabilities and optimal cut-off values of ChIMES and OAG, and the evaluation time-consuming of the three tools was compared.Results:There were statistically significant differences between ChIMES and OAG in the three scores during chemotherapy ( P<0.05) . Taking the WHO oral mucositis classification as the gold standard, the optimal cut-off value for ChIMES was 0.5, and the optimal cut-off value for OAG was 10.5. Both ChIMES and OAG had excellent assessment capabilities for children with chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis (AUC>0.9) . The time-consuming comparison of WHO oral mucositis classification, ChIMES and OAG was statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Both ChIMES and OAG can be used as credible and reliable tools for the assessment of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis of children in China. ChIMES is more capable of identifying high-risk groups than OAG, and OAG is more suitable for busy clinical work. The assessment tool for children with chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis can be selected according to the assessment object, purpose, and required resources.

Objective: To translate the Children′s International Mucositis Evaluation Scale (ChIMES) into Chinese and evaluate its psychometric charateristics in pediatric patients with acute leukemia. Methods: After translation and cognitive debriefing interviews, convenience sampling was used to recruit 105 pediatric patients with acute leukemia in a Shanghai AAA pediatric hospital. Results: The known-group validity was great, and criterion validity was 0.947. Through EFA, the Chinese version of ChIMES included two dimensions which accounted for 75.270% of the accumulated variance, and each item had high factor loading quantity (>0.5). Cronbach alpha was 0.826 and the split-half reliability was 0.590. Relevance between each item and total score was good, with Pearson correlation coefficient 0.424-0.900. Conclusion The Chinese version of ChIMES has been proved valid and reliable and can be practically and feasibly used in the future.

Objective:To explore the experience and needs of symptom management care of parents of cancer children during chemotherapy so as to provide a reference for improving the level of symptom management.Methods:Between November 2018 and April 2019, phenomenological research method was used to conduct a semi-structured interview with 14 parents of cancer children in the stage of chemotherapy from two hospitals. Colaizzi seven step analysis was used to the data analysis.Results:The care experience of symptoms and adverse reactions of parents of children with cancer during chemotherapy was refined into two themes, namely the process of learning and growth, and the transformation of psychological adaptation. The main needs of care were information needs, communication needs and psychological support needs.Conclusions:Parents of children with cancer are learning and growing up in the process of treatment and symptom care, and there are many needs. Medical and nursing staff should work closely with the children and their parents to meet the parents' needs for knowledge, communication and psychological support for symptom care, improve the care experience of parents and alleviate the pain of children.

Objective? To search and summarize the best evidence of nursing management of procedural pain in pediatric patients so as to provide guidance for clinical nursing staff in the standardized prevention and management of procedural pain. Methods? The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, JBI Database of Systematic Reviews, National Guideline Clearinghouse(NGC), the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence(NICE) and Scottish Intercollegiate Guideline Network(SIGN) were searched on computer to collect literature including clinical practice guidelines, evidence summary and systemic reviews about the management of procedural pain among children 3 years old above. Two researchers independently assessed the quality and extracted data and conducted evidence extraction from the articles that met the standard of quality. Results? Totally eleven articles were enrolled including three best practice guidelines, three systematic reviews and five evidence summaries. Conclusions? Cognitive behavioral intervention, topical application of epidermal anesthetics or local cold compress, and combined operation of distraction can effectively reduce the pain and anxiety caused by procedures. The knowledge and skills of procedural pain management should be included in the education and training courses of medical institutions. Evidence should be selected pertinently to participate in the management of procedural pain in the mode of multidisciplinary cooperation.