ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To establish the HPLC fingerprint of Paeoniae Radix Alba and investigate the spectrum-effect relationship between the fingerprint and the protection against vascular injury.METHODS The HPLC method was used to establish the fingerprint of Paeoniae Radix Alba. Lipopolysaccharide-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and Tg(fli1:egfp) zebrafish models were used to evaluate in vivo and in vitro protective effects of 17 batches of Paeoniae Radix Alba extracts. Grey correlation degree and partial least squares method were used to analyze the spectrum-effect relationship between thefingerprint of Paeoniae Radix Alba and the protection effects.RESULTS The HPLC fingerprint of Paeoniae Radix Alba was constructed, and 11 common peaks were obtained, and the correlation was high, indicating that multiple components of Paeoniae Radix Alba may had synergistic effects on the protection of vascular endothelial cell activity. The correlation sequence with in vivo activitywasP6>P7>P10>P11>P9>P5>P3>P2>P8>P1>P4, and in vitro activity was P6>P4>P2>P3>P5>P1>P10>P9>P7>P11>P8, respectively. Peak 6 was identified as paeoniflorin. The regression coefficient of the partial least squares standard equation was positive, positively correlated with the protection of vascular endothelial cell activity and the vascular development in Tg(fli1:egfp) zebrafish, with VIP>1.0. Furthermore, the verification experiments of active ingredient showed that paeoniflorin could improve cell viability, migration, and tube formation, as well as promote vascular development in Tg(fli1:egfp) zebrafish in a dose-dependent manner. The above results indicated that paeoniflorin might be the major active component of Paeoniae Radix Alba for the protection effect on vascular endothelial cell.CONCLUSION The main active substance of Paeoniae Radix Alba in protecting against vascular inflammation and damage is paeoniflorin, which can provide reference for the quality control of medicinal materials.

Objective To perform microscopic identification for the roots of Actinidia macrosperma C.F. Liang, Actinidia valvata Dunn, Actinidia arguta (Sieb. & Zucc) Planch. ex Miq., Actinidia chinensis Planch., and provide the basis for judging medicinal materials exactly. Methods The powder microscopic characteristics of 4 medicinal plants of Actinidia genus were observed by microscopic identification method. Results Taking the morphological characteristics of calcium oxalate clusters, starch granules and ducts as the main differences, a key table was compiled to identify the roots of these four medicinal plants. Conclusion The microscopic identification method could effectively distinguish 4 Chinese herbs of Actinidia genus, and which is worth further studying.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the components and metabolites of leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus in rats plasma. METHODS UHPLC-Q/TOF-MS method was applied to identify the components and metabolites of rat plasma. The prototype components and metabolites were analyzed in rats plasma of leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus water extract after intragastric administration by comparing the chromatograms of Cyclocarya paliurus, blank serum and drug-containing serum. RESULTS A total of 15 compounds including 6 prototype components and 9 metabolites were identified. The main prototype components in blood were caffeylquinic acid, flavonoids and saponins, and the metabolic pathways were methylation and hydroxylation. CONCLUSION This experiment showes that the prototype components absorbed into blood may be the potential bioactive components in leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus, providing a scientific basis for clarifying its material basis in pharmacodynamics.

Abstract Diabetic osteoporosis is a systemic metabolic bone disease caused by long-term hyperglycemia and has become one of the major complications of diabetes. It is characterized by decreased bone mass, destroyed bone microstructure, and increased bone fragility. Anemarrhenae Rhizoma-Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex herb pair is a classic drug combination, and has been widely used in many anti-diabetic osteoporosis prescriptions. The pharmacological studies have shown that the effects of this herb pair on promoting formation and inhibiting bone resorption are closely related to the Nrf2, MAPK, Wnt and RANK/RANKL signaling pathways as well as autophagy. The compatibility of this herb pair changes the dissolution and pharmacokinetics of the active substances, which have synergistic effects. This article summarized the effective substances of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma-Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex and its mechanism of action against diabetes and osteoporosis, providing a reference for further research and development of the drug pair.

Objective To establish a rapid prediction method of the antioxidant activity in aqueous extract solutions of Melastoma dodecandrum based on ultraviolet spectroscopy and partial least squares regression algorithm. Methods The DPPH free radical scavenging effect was used to characterize the antioxidant activity of aqueous extract solutions of Melastoma dodecandrum. The ultraviolet spectra of 190-600 nm were collected. The partial least squares regression model of antioxidant activity was established after optimizing the wavelength range and preprocessing method. The software was devised using Visual Basic as the integrated development environment to provide a convenient tool for the rapid determination of antioxidant activity. Results The optimal partial least squares regression model was established based on 200-290 nm as wavelength range and unit variance scaling as preprocessing method. The correlation coefficient of calibration, root mean square error of estimation, root mean square error of cross-validation was 0.887, 2.20% and 2.17%, respectively. The correlation coefficient of validation, root mean square error of prediction was 0.868, 2.08%. The average predicted recovery was 100.1±2.3%. With the predictive function in the software, the antioxidant activity of aqueous extract solution of Melastoma dodecandrum can be calculated automatically within 2 s after collecting the ultraviolet spectra. Conclusions This study provides a rapid method for the prediction of antioxidant activity in aqueous extract solutions of Melastoma dodecandrum.

OBJECTIVE：To establish HPLC fingerprint of Humulus lupulus ，and to investigate its correlation with the antioxidant activity. METHODS ：The determination was performed on Diamonsil C 18 column with mobile phase consisted of 0.1％ phosphoric acid solution-acetonitrile （gradient elution ）at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The column temperature was 30 ℃，and detection wavelength was set at 358 nm，with sample size of 2 μL. Using xanthohumol as reference，HPLC fingerprints of 11 batches of H. lupulus were determined. The similarity of 11 batches of samples was evaluated by TCM Chromatographic Fingerprint Similarity Evaluation System （2012 edition）to confirm common peaks. Using scavenging rate of DPPH and ABTS free radical as pharmacodynamic indicators of antioxidant effects ，SIMCA 14.1 analysis software was used for PLSR to establish the spectra-effect relationship ，and validation test of in vitro anti-oxidation was carried out. RESULTS ：There were 19 common peaks in HPLC fingerprints of 11 batches of sample ，the similarity of which was higher than 0.830. Seven components were identified as xanthohumol，cohumulone，humulone，adhumulone，colupulone，lupulus and adlupulus. Eleven batches of H. lupulus had the ability to scavenge DPPH and ABTS free radicals. The spectrum-effect relationship showed that xanthohumol ，humulone and colupulone peaks were positively associated with its anti-oxidant ability ，and variable projection value was greater than 1. In vitro antioxidant results showed that scavenging effect of 0.1 mg/mL xanthohumol to DPPH free radicals was similar to that of 0.01 mg/mL vitamine C ，but scavenging effect of 10.0 mg/mL xanthohumol to ABTS free radical was less than that of 0.1 mg/mL vitamin C. CONCLUSIONS：Established HPLC fingerprint can be used for the quality evaluation of H. lupulus ；xanthohumol，humulone and colupulone are the main material basis for the antioxidant effect of H. lupulus

OBJECTIVE： To establish a method for simultaneous determination of 4 triglyceride anti-tumor components in Coix lacryma seed oil. METHODS： HPLC-ELSD was adopted. The determination was performed on Inertsil ODS-3 C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-isopropanol （57 ∶ 43， V/V） at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The column temperature was 30 ℃， and the sample size was 10 μL. Evaporative light scattering detector was used， the drift tube temperature was 70 ℃， and the gas flow rate was 2 L/min. Using glycerol trioleateas internal standard， relative correction factors （RCF） of linolein trilinolein， 1，2-linoleic acid-3-palmitic acid glyceride and 1-palmitic acid-2-oleic acid-3-linoleic acid glyceride were calculated respectively. The contents of above 3 components in C. lacryma seed oil were calculated by RCF. The contents of 4 components in C. lacryma seed oil were determined by external standard. The results of content determination by quatitative analysis of multi-components by single marker （QAMS） were compared with external standard method. RESULTS： The linear ranges were 0.15-4.50 μg for linolein trilinolein， 0.15-4.50 μg for 1，2-linoleic acid-3-palmitate， 0.35-10.50 μg for 1-palmitic acid-2-oleic acid-3-linoleic acid glyceride， 0.35-10.50 μg for glycerol trioleate （r≥0.999 5）. The limits of quantification were 0.13， 0.06， 0.07， 0.12 μg. The limits of detection were 0.04， 0.02， 0.02， 0.03 μg， respectively. RSDs of precision， stability， and repeatability tests were less than 2.0％（n＝6）. The average recoveries were 95.43％-102.67％（RSD＜2.0％， n＝6）. Average RCFs of linolein trilinolein， 1，2- linoleic acid-3-palmitic acid glyceride and 1-palmitic acid-2- oleic acid-3-linoleic acid glyceride were 0.31， 0.88， and 1.21， respectively. RCFs reproducibility was perfect under different experiment conditions. There was no significant difference in results of content determination between QAMS and external standard method （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS： The method is simple， rapid， accurate and reliable. It is used for simultaneous determination of linolein trilinolein， 1， 2-linoleic acid-3-palmitate， 1-palmitic acid-2-oleic acid-3-linoleic acid glyceride and glycerol trioleateas in C. lacryma seed oil.

Objective To explore the intertemporal decision-making function in geriatric depressive patients and it's correlation with impulsive personality traits.Methods Forty patients with geriatric depression(GD group) and Forty demographic characteristic matched health controls (HC group) were recruited.The delay discounting task was used to measure the decision-making function,and the barratt impulsiveness scale was used to measure the impulsive traits.The delay discounting rate (k) transformed to common logarithm lgk.Results Lgk and the scores of barratt impulsiveness scale,attention impulsiveness subscale,motor impulsiveness subscale in GD group((-2.00±0.81),(42.67±8.51),(46.50± 16.84),(43.50± 10.45)) were more larger than those in HC group ((-2.31±0.51),(32.27±6.18),(34.81±8.15),(26.88±7.65),and the differences were statistically significant (t=2.060,P=0.043;t=6.252,P＜0.01;t=3.951,P＜0.01;t =8.117,P＜0.01).In addition,lgk had positive correlation with the scores of motor impulsiveness factor in GD group(r=0.408,P=0.009).Conclusion The delayed discounting ability is impaired and correlated with the motor impulsiveness in GD patients.

Objective To explore the delayed discount and personality characteristics of impulsive and premeditated male prisoners and their correlation.Methods A total of 120 male prisoners with aggressive behaviors were tested by Self-made General Situation Questionnaire,Impulsive / Premeditated Aggression Scale (IPAS),NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI),Delay Discount Task (DDT).The effective participants were ninety,including 51 in impulsive group and 39 in premeditated group.Analyzed the difference of delayed discount and personality characteristics between the two group.Results (1) In the delayed discount task,the delay discount rat (K) of the impulsive violence group (0.0278 ± 0.0555) was significantly higher than that of the premeditated violence group (0.0042±0.0078).The difference was statistically significant (t=3.004,P =0.004).(2) The scores of agreeableness (35.84 ± 4.08) and conscientiousness (37.04±4.83) in impulsive violence group were lower than that in premeditated violence group(38.46±5.53,42.31±5.96),and the difference was statistically significant (t=-2.587,P=0.011;t =-4.634,P＜0.01).(3) Correlation analysis showed that K value was not significantly correlated with all dimensions of the big five personality(P＞0.05).Conclusion Male impulsive prisoners have faster tendency to delay discounting compared with male premeditated prisoners.Lower agreeableness and conscientiousness are the personality characteristics of male impulsive prisoners.

A new analytical method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of CrⅢand CrⅥusing on-line sample pretreatment valve-switching ion chromatography. The organic matrix in leather was removed by using a reverse-phase column as the pretreatment column. Before injection, EDTA was added into sample solution to react with the CrⅢto form anion which could absorb visible light strongly. After injection, the ions separated by the pretreatment column were received in a collection loop. Then the ions were delivered into an analytical column and separated. CrⅥ then was derived with the derivatization reagent 1, 5-diphenylcarbazide ( DPC) , and detected together with CrⅢ-EDTA complex by a UV-Vis detector. Under the optimum conditions, the linear range of the method for CrⅢ and CrⅥ was 0. 3-10 mg/L (r=0. 9991) and 0. 05-2 mg/L ( r = 0. 9992 ), whereas detection limits ( S/N = 3 ) were 80. 78 μg/L and 6. 67 μg/L, respectively. The recoveries were in the range of 88. 7%-108. 5% with the relative standard deviations for retention time and peak area less than 3%. The method could be applied to determine CrⅢ and CrⅥ in leather and cloth effectively and quickly.