Objective. This study determined the relationship between plasma adiponectin level and corrected QT interval (QTc) in smokers and non-smokers. Methodology.This cross-sectional analytical study was undertaken in 30 smokers and 30 non-smokers. Plasma adiponectin level was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The QT interval was measured by routine 12-lead ECG with Lead II rhythm and QTc was calculated. Results. Mean plasma adiponectin level was significantly lower in smokers (27.89±15 μg/ml) than that of non-smokers (52.13±21.57μg/ml) (p<0.001). Mean QTc interval was significantly longer in smokers than that of non-smokers (415.37±29.9 versus 395.63±26.13 ms, p<0.01). Higher risk of low adiponectin level (odds ratio [OR],8.1; 95% confidence interval [CI],1.61-40.77) and QTc interval prolongation (OR,6; 95%CI,1.17-30.73) were observed in smokers. There was weak significant negative correlation between plasma adiponectin level and QTc interval in the study population (n=60, r=-0.407, p=0.001). Moreover, low plasma adiponectin level was significantly associated with prolonged QTc interval in the study population (n=60, Fisher's exact p value<0.05). Risk of QTc interval prolongation was 4.3 times higher in subjects with low plasma adiponectin level (OR,4.27; 95% CI,1.05-17.46). Conclusion. Smokers have greater risk for low plasma adiponectin level and prolonged QTc interval. There is a relationship between plasma adiponectin level and QTc interval.
Smokers ; adiponectin

Objective: This study determined the correlation between erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and insulin sensitivity in agricultural workers and non-agricultural workers. Methodology: The cross-sectional comparative study was undertaken in 45 agricultural and 45 non-agricultural workers from Nat-Kan Village, Magway Township. Erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity and serum malondialdehyde were measured by spectrophotometric method. Insulin sensitivity was calculated by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). Results: Mean erythrocyte AChE activity was significantly lower in agricultural (3553.99 IU/L) compared with non-agricultural workers (4432.68 IU/L) (p<0.001). A significant high level of mean serum MDA was observed in agricultural workers (0.74 versus 0.28 μmol/L, p<0.001). Median HOMA-IR value was significantly higher in agricultural (2.74) than that of non-agricultural workers (2.28) (p<0.05). The risk of insulin resistance was 2.8 times greater in agricultural workers than non-agricultural workers (OR 2.8, 95% CI, 1.18 to 6.72). Erythrocyte AChE activity had weak negative correlation with serum MDA level (r=-0.357, p<0.001) and HOMA-IR (ρ= -0.305, p<0.05). There was a significant but weak positive correlation between serum MDA level and HOMA-IR (ρ=0.355, p<0.001). Conclusion Organophosphate pesticide exposure lowered erythrocyte AChE activity and increased oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is partly attributed to the development of insulin resistance
Farmers

Objective: To assess the effect of oral calcium supplementation on lipid profile and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP). Methodology: This study was undertaken in 28 centrally obese male subjects [age 26.4 (6.5) years], BMI 31.6 (4.7) kg/m2, WC 99.4 (6.4) cm. All participants received six tablets of CaCO3 (250 mg of elemental calcium/ capsule, for a total of 1500 md/day) for 8 weeks. Serum lipid profile including triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL- C was measured at baseline and after intervention. AIP was calculated by using formula = log (TG/HDL-C). Results: Oral calcium supplementation achieved a 22% (36 mg/dL, p<0.001) reduction in Triglyceride from baseline [163.4 (37.9) mg/dL] and 19.2% ( 5.8 mg/dL, p<0.001) increase in HDL-C from baseline [30.4 (7.4) mg/dL)]. There were no significant treatment effects on total cholesterol [217.1 (41.21) mg/dL vs 196.3 (46.2) mg/dL] and LDL-C [155.4 (45.1) mg/dL vs 136.3 (45.1) mg/dL]. Significant reduction in serum total cholesterol and LDL-C level was only found in dyslipidemic centrally obese subjects. AIP decreased significantly by 51% with calcium carbonate treatment [median and interquartile range; 0.35 (0.29-0.44) vs 0.17 (0.04-0.44), p<0.01]. Conclusion Eight-week calcium supplementation at 1500 mg/day led to a significant change in lipid levels and AIP.