Severe hyponatraemia is defined as a sodium level of less than 120 mEq/L, and it is frequently accompanied by neurological symptoms like coma, convulsions, respiratory arrest, and death. Clinical cardiac toxicity from hyponatremia, such as bradyarrhythmia, is extremely rare. In this article, we present a case of acute severe hyponatraemia that induced unstable bradyarrhythmia and led to refractory bradycardia, which did not improve despite receiving treatment in accordance with the standard Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support protocol. The patient’s bradyarrhythmia has completely resolved with the administration of 3% hypertonic saline, which restored her sodium levels. Due to the possibility that severe hyponatremia may contribute to the aetiology of cardiac malfunction, this case raises awareness about the significance of closely monitoring electrocardiograms and telemetry in patients with severe hyponatremia.

One of the possible causes of chronic constipation is colonic duplication. Although seldom asymptomatic, its diagnosis is important due to the risk of malignancy that it carries. We present a case of a young female patient with long-standing constipation who was referred to Kolorektal Cerrahi Clinic (Izmir, Turkey) after scans revealed tubular type of colonic duplication. We successfully performed a laparoscopic total colectomy, and she recovered well. Identifying the type of duplication is important to ensure adequate resection and treatment. A proper workup, including carcinoembryonic antigen levels, must be done as well. Multiple surgical techniques and procedures have been introduced for this condition, but resection of the duplicated colon with its native lumen should be the management of choice, especially in tubular type of duplications such as in our case. In centers where laparoscopic services are available, laparoscopy could be a better option, as it provides multiple benefits of minimally invasive surgery. Attention should also be paid to anatomical details during surgery to ensure better results and outcomes.

Background: Thermal traumas impose a huge burden on healthcare systems. This merits the need for advanced but cost-effective remedies with clinical prospects. In this context, we prepared a regenerative 3D-construct comprising of Cassia angustifolia extract (SM) primed adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) laden amniotic membrane for faster burn wound repair. Methods: ASCs were preconditioned with SM (30 µg/ml for 24 h), and subsequently exposed to in-vitro thermal injury (51 °C,10 min). In-vivo thermal injury was induced by placing pre-heated copper-disc (2 cm diameter) on dorsum of the Wistar rats. ASCs (2.0 × 105) pre-treated with SM (SM-ASCs), cultured on stromal side of amniotic membrane (AM) were transplanted in rat heat-injury model. Non-transplanted heat-injured rats and non-heat-injured rats were kept as controls. Results: The significantly upregulated expression of IGF1, SDF1A, TGFβ1, VEGF, GSS, GSR, IL4, BCL2 genes and downregulation of BAX, IL6, TNFα, and NFkB1 in SM-ASCs in in-vitro and in-vivo settings confirmed its potential in promoting cell-proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, antioxidant, cell-survival, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing activity. Moreover, SM-ASCs induced early wound closure, better architecture, normal epidermal thickness, orderly-arranged collagen fibers, and well-developed skin appendages in healed rat-skin transplanted with AM+SM-ASCs, additionally confirmed by increased expression of structural genes (Krt1, Krt8, Krt19, Desmin, Vimentin, α-Sma) in comparison to untreated-ASCs laden-AM transplanted in heat injured rats. Conclusion SM priming effectively enabled ASCs to counter thermal injury by significantly enhancing cell survival and reducing inflammation upon transplantation. This study provides bases for development of effective combinational therapies (natural scaffold, medicine, and stem cells) with clinical prospects for treating burn wounds.

The enucleation of the eye due to variety of causes such as trauma, tumor and severe eye disease or infection has resulted to permanent defect of sight and aesthetic. Defects of the eye may include removal of a part of or the entire orbit which has affected patient’s psychology. Restoring the defect with pre-fabricated or custom-made ocular prosthesis will restore aesthetics and improves patient’s social confidence. This is a case report of construction a custom-made; hand painted iris of ocular prosthesis on a patient with missing left eye due to trauma using modified impression method. The case describes the process of constructing the custom-made ocular prosthesis with modification of impression technique to improve accuracy and fitting. It is aim to highlight the importance of custom-made prosthesis as compared to pre-fabricated ocular prosthesis on its property, fitting to eye socket, hygiene and aesthetic satisfaction.

Aims: The aim of the study is to develop the optimised parameters of electrochemical DNA biosensors for the specific detection of the Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) in chickens. The goal is to further create a highly sensitive and specific biosensor that can be used for on-site monitoring of IBV on poultry farms. Methodology and results: In this study, an electrochemical DNA biosensor was developed for detecting a specific sequence in the IBV genome. The process involved attaching a NH2-ssDNA probe to a gold electrode, followed by hybridization with the target DNA. Various parameters like buffer, pH, scan rate, incubation time, redox indicators and temperature were optimised using cyclic voltammetry. The probe DNA was designed to enhance hybridization efficiency, which was assessed by measuring current signals. The biosensor, under optimal conditions, demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity when tested with different sequences, including complementary, non-complementary and mismatched ones. Cross-reactivity studies against non-IBV viruses showed distinguishable current signals. These findings have implications for developing a portable on-site IBV monitoring device for use on farms. Conclusion, significance and impact of study The optimised parameters and specificity of the electrochemical DNA biosensor suggest its potential for the development of a portable device for on-site monitoring of IBV on poultry farms. This device could prove to be a valuable tool for the early detection of IBV, helping to prevent further spread of the disease. However, it's essential to conduct further research to ensure the practicality and accuracy of the biosensor in real-world farm settings.

Objective: Malaysia’s first case of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was reported in January 2020, with the first case in the state of Negeri Sembilan diagnosed on 17 February 2020. The National COVID-19 Immunisation Programme commenced in early March 2021 in Negeri Sembilan. This study describes the COVID-19 cases and vaccination coverage in Seremban District, Negeri Sembilan, during 2021. Methods: The demographic and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 cases and the district’s vaccination coverage were described. Vaccination coverage was plotted against COVID-19 cases on the epidemic curve. The chi-square test was used to examine the differences between the vaccination status of COVID-19 cases and severity category, hospitalization status and mortality. Results: In Seremban District, there were 65 879 confirmed cases of COVID-19 in 2021. The data revealed that the 21–30-year age group had the highest proportion of cases (16 365; 24.8%), the majority of cases were male (58.3%), and most cases were from the sub-district of Ampangan (23.1%). The majority of cases were Malaysian. Over half (53.5%) were symptomatic, with fever (29.8%) and cough (22.8%) being the most frequently reported symptoms. COVID-19 vaccination status was significantly associated with severity category, hospitalization and mortality (P < 0.001 for all categories). Discussion: This is the first study to describe two-dose vaccination coverage and the trend in COVID-19 cases in Seremban District. It was observed that COVID-19 cases had been reduced following more than 60.0% vaccination coverage.

Introduction: In Malaysia, the adolescent health studies conducted in 2012 and 2017 revealed an increasing trend of adolescent health risk behaviours and protective factors. This current study aims to determine health risk behaviours and protective factors among adolescents in the country. Methods: The current nationwide cross-sectional study of Malaysian secondary school students used multistage stratified sampling to select 240 nationally representative schools. This study was conducted from June to July 2022 among the students in forms 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 in all Malaysian states by 34 data collection teams. A validated self-administered questionnaire was used, similar to those used in the NHMS 2012 and NHMS 2017. The quality control was done twice, once at the field level and once at the central level. Sample weighting and analysis were conducted using SPSS statistical software version 28.0. Results: A total of 239 schools out of 240 schools took part in the study (response rate, 99.6%) and total of 33,523 students were involved in this study (response rate, 89.4%). In terms of ethnicity, the highest number of students who participated in the study were Malay (63.0%), followed by Chinese (18.1%) and Indian (6.0 %). While the distribution of sex and form among the students were almost the same. Conclusion To obtain an accurate representation of the nation's adolescent population for this study, samples from public and private schools that are governed by the Ministries of Education and Rural and Regional Development were deemed to be the most reliable.

Introduction: Air pollutants, including PM2.5, are an increasing threat to public health. Studies have reported the adverse effect of PM2.5 exposures during pregnancy on neurodevelopment in children. We performed a narrative review using the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases from 2017 to 2022 using keywords such as prenatal, particulate matter, neurodevelopment, and children. This review aims to identify symptoms of impaired neurodevelopment in children associated with prenatal PM2.5 exposure, the association between the timing of prenatal exposure PM2.5 and symptoms of impaired neurodevelopment in children as well as other factors that may influence the association of prenatal PM2.5 exposure and symptoms of impaired neurodevelopment in children Methods: A total of 25 articles were included in this review. Results: Symptoms of neurodevelopmental impairment associated with prenatal exposure to PM2.5 include language, speech, and communication symptoms; motor skills; behaviour and social skills; memory as well as learning/cognitive symptoms. Neurodevelopmental impairments were associated with exposure to PM2.5 across all three trimesters with impairment in communication and behavioural domains predominating in those exposed during the first trimester. Conclusions Generally, males were more susceptible to having neurodevelopmental impairment symptoms compared to females. More information regarding the effect of prenatal PM2.5 exposure on neurodevelopmental domains of children will support public health policies that reduce air pollution and improve children’s health.

In the context of ARVC, a systematic review of the validation of the ARVC risk score can provide insights into the accuracy and reliability of this score in identifying patients at high risk of ARVC. Digital databases were searched to identify the relevant studies using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). A total of 8 studies were included in this systematic review. A total of 8 studies were included in this review. The review found that the sensitivity of the ARVC risk scores ranged from 80 to 95%, and the specificity ranged from 31 to 79%. The PPV was 55%, and the NPV was 88%. The ARVC score provided a C-index for a 5-year VA risk prediction of 0.84 [95% CI (0.74–0.93)] and a Harrell C-index of 0.70 (95% CI 0.65–0.75). The calibration slope was 1.01 (95% CI 0.99–1.03). ARVC score demonstrated a significant event 5-year threshold between 15 and 20% and the classical ARVC 5-years/freedom-from-VA rate was 0.76(0.66–0.89) and the non-classical form 5-years/freedom-from-VA rate was 0.58 (0.43–0.78). In conclusion, the validation of ARVC risk scores is an essential step toward improving the accuracy of ARVC diagnosis and risk stratification. Further studies are needed to establish the accuracy and reliability of ARVC risk scores and to address the limitations of the current evidence.

Objective: Foodborne disease is a significant global public health concern, with Bacillus cereus being a frequent cause of outbreaks. However, due to the relatively mild symptoms caused by infection with B. cereus, the shorter duration of illness and the challenges of testing for it in both stool and food samples, outbreaks are often underreported. This report describes the epidemiology of cases of foodborne illness, the causative agent and risk factors associated with an outbreak in a boarding school in Seremban district, Negeri Sembilan state, Malaysia, that occurred in November 2021. Methods: Epidemiological, environmental and laboratory investigations were performed. A case was defined as any person with abdominal pain, vomiting or diarrhoea that occurred after consuming food served by the canteen at the school. The data were analysed using Microsoft Excel and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: A total of 152 cases were identified among the 597 students, giving an attack rate of 25.5%. All cases were females aged 13–17 years. They presented with abdominal pain (100%), nausea (97.4%, 148), vomiting (78.3%, 119) or diarrhoea (61.8%, 94), or a combination of these. The mode of transmission of the outbreak was a continual common source. The foods associated with becoming a case were beef rendang (a dry curry) (odds ratio [OR]: 20.54, 95% CI: 4.89–86.30), rice (OR: 19.62, 95% CI: 2.62–147.01), rice cubes (OR: 18.17, 95% CI: 4.31–76.55) and vermicelli (OR: 17.02, 95% CI: 4.03–71.86). Cross-contamination and inadequate thawing and storage temperatures contributed to the outbreak. Discussion: This outbreak of foodborne illness at a boarding school was likely caused by B. cereus. The findings highlight the importance of proper food preparation, temperature monitoring, hygiene practices among food handlers and compliance with food safety guidelines.