Objective To investigate the vaginal flora in patients with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC).Methods Vaginal swabs were collected at different time points from 6 RVVC patients and 5 healthy women of child-bearing age.The dynamic changes,microbiota composition,alpha diversity and beta diversity in the two groups were assessed by analyzing the 16S rRNA V4 hypervariable region amplified from the total genomic DNA from the swabs.Results Lactobacillus was the predominant species in healthy women with similar proportions of Liners and L.crispatus;small proportions of Gardnerella,Prevotella and other genus were also detected.In some healthy women,the vaginal flora showed a high relative abundance of anaerobic bacteria such as Gardnerella,Prevotella,Atopobium,Sneathia.Compared with the healthy women,patients with RVVC showed a significantly reduced diversity of vaginal flora,where Liners was the predominant species and the content of L.crispatus decreased significantly.In healthy women,the vaginal flora fluctuated with the menstrual cycle,and the fluctuation was the most prominent during menstruation;the dominant species either alternated regularly or maintain an absolute superiority in the menstrual cycle.The vaginal flora showed attenuated fluctuation in women with RVVC,were highly conserved within the menstrual cycle,and maintained a similar composition in the episodes and intermittent periods.Conclusion The vaginal flora of RVVC patients do not undergo regular variations with the menstrual cycle and shows a similar composition between the episodes and intermittent periods.Promoting the production of L.iners or inhibiting the colonization of L.crispatus to restore the composition of the vaginal flora may help in the treatment of RVVC.

Objective To investigate the vaginal flora in patients with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC).Methods Vaginal swabs were collected at different time points from 6 RVVC patients and 5 healthy women of child-bearing age.The dynamic changes,microbiota composition,alpha diversity and beta diversity in the two groups were assessed by analyzing the 16S rRNA V4 hypervariable region amplified from the total genomic DNA from the swabs.Results Lactobacillus was the predominant species in healthy women with similar proportions of Liners and L.crispatus;small proportions of Gardnerella,Prevotella and other genus were also detected.In some healthy women,the vaginal flora showed a high relative abundance of anaerobic bacteria such as Gardnerella,Prevotella,Atopobium,Sneathia.Compared with the healthy women,patients with RVVC showed a significantly reduced diversity of vaginal flora,where Liners was the predominant species and the content of L.crispatus decreased significantly.In healthy women,the vaginal flora fluctuated with the menstrual cycle,and the fluctuation was the most prominent during menstruation;the dominant species either alternated regularly or maintain an absolute superiority in the menstrual cycle.The vaginal flora showed attenuated fluctuation in women with RVVC,were highly conserved within the menstrual cycle,and maintained a similar composition in the episodes and intermittent periods.Conclusion The vaginal flora of RVVC patients do not undergo regular variations with the menstrual cycle and shows a similar composition between the episodes and intermittent periods.Promoting the production of L.iners or inhibiting the colonization of L.crispatus to restore the composition of the vaginal flora may help in the treatment of RVVC.

OBJECTIVETo assess the effect of a high specific adenovirus vector-mediated shRNA targeting nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) on cell proliferation of the endometrium of Macaca fascicularis.

METHODSThe adenoviral vector NF-κB-p65-shRNA and the empty vector were separately trasnfected in cultured endometrial cells of Macaca fascicularis. The changes in the expression of the target gene protein and apoptotic proteins, cell proliferation, and cell cycle distribution were observed after the transfection.

RESULTSCompared with the control cells, infection of the endometrial cells with the NF-κB-p65-shRNA adenovirus significantly increased the expression levels of apoptotic proteins, promoted apoptosis of the endometrial cells, and reduced the cells in division?stage.

CONCLUSIONSNF-κB-p65 shRNA adenovirus can effectively promote apoptosis of endometrial cells and inhibit the proliferation of endometrial cells of Macaca fascicularis.

Adenoviridae ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Endometrium ; cytology ; Female ; Genetic Vectors ; Macaca fascicularis ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Transcription Factor RelA ; genetics ; Transfection

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of NF-κB gene short hairpin RNA (shRNA) on endometriosis and identify the function of NF-κB on the maintenance and development of endometriosis in Macaca fascicularis.Methods The Macaca fascicularis model of endometriosis was developed,which divided into experimental group,negative control group and simple model group.The high specificity adenovirus vector mediated shRNA targeting NF-κB gene and negative control shRNA adenovirus with no-load NF-κB gene were synthesised.The experimental group injected the adenovirus which carried the NF-κB shRNA into the endometriosis lesions under laparoscopy surgery,the negative control group with no-load shRNA adenovirus and the simple models group injected with normal saline.Four weeks later after the injection,an observed operation was performed through laparoscopy and some lesions were collected.The CD34 immunohistochemistry of these lesions were done to detect the microvessel density,then the variation of the microvessel density among each group were observed.The expression of the NF-κB and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were detected through western blot.Results First,the Macaca fascicularis model of endometriosis was successful developed,and the experimental group has an evident atrophy in ectopic lesions compared with the previous.The lesions' microvessel density in experimental group decreased evidently compared with the negative control group and simple model group (0.002 0±0.000 3 versus 0.021 9±0.002 6 versus 0.024 5±0.003 3),and the differences was statistically significant (P＜0.01).The expression of PCNA (0.37±0.17 versus 0.57±0.26 versus 0.57±0.28) and NF-κB (0.338 ± 0.174 versus 0.678 ± 0.021 versus 0.645 ±0.098) in experiment group was lower than the negative control group and simple model group,the differences were statistically significant (all P＜0.01).Conclusion Through targeting suppressed the NF-κB gene expression by NF-κB shRNA,we can inhibit the development of endometriosis through reducing the ability of angiogenesis and cell proliferation of ectopic endometrial cells.

Objective To assess the effect of a high specific adenovirus vector-mediated shRNA targeting nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) on cell proliferation of the endometrium of Macaca fascicularis. Methods The adenoviral vector NF-κB-p65-shRNA and the empty vector were separately trasnfected in cultured endometrial cells of Macaca fascicularis. The changes in the expression of the target gene protein and apoptotic proteins, cell proliferation, and cell cycle distribution were observed after the transfection. Results Compared with the control cells, infection of the endometrial cells with the NF-κB-p65-shRNA adenovirus significantly increased the expression levels of apoptotic proteins, promoted apoptosis of the endometrial cells, and reduced the cells in division stage. Conclusions NF-κB-p65 shRNA adenovirus can effectively promote apoptosis of endometrial cells and inhibit the proliferation of endometrial cells of Macaca fascicularis.

Objective To assess the effect of a high specific adenovirus vector-mediated shRNA targeting nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) on cell proliferation of the endometrium of Macaca fascicularis. Methods The adenoviral vector NF-κB-p65-shRNA and the empty vector were separately trasnfected in cultured endometrial cells of Macaca fascicularis. The changes in the expression of the target gene protein and apoptotic proteins, cell proliferation, and cell cycle distribution were observed after the transfection. Results Compared with the control cells, infection of the endometrial cells with the NF-κB-p65-shRNA adenovirus significantly increased the expression levels of apoptotic proteins, promoted apoptosis of the endometrial cells, and reduced the cells in division stage. Conclusions NF-κB-p65 shRNA adenovirus can effectively promote apoptosis of endometrial cells and inhibit the proliferation of endometrial cells of Macaca fascicularis.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) on the expressions activin A, follistatin, and cripto in cultured human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs) form patients with endometriosis.

METHODSCultured HESCs were stimulated with 250, 500, and 750pg/ml IL-1β, and the mRNA and protein expressions of activin A, follistatin, and cripto were assayed using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

RESULTSIL-1β treatment caused significant dose-dependent increments of the mRNA and protein expressions of activin A and follistatin and of the mRNA expression of cripto in cultured HESCs.

CONCLUSIONIL-1β can affect the expressions of activin A, follistatin and cripto in HESCs from patients with endometriosis.

Activins ; metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Endometriosis ; metabolism ; Endometrium ; cytology ; Female ; Humans ; Interleukin-1beta ; pharmacology ; Stromal Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism

Objective To study the effect of interleukin-1β(IL-1β) on the expressions activin A, follistatin, and cripto in cultured human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs) form patients with endometriosis. Methods Cultured HESCs were stimulated with 250, 500, and 750 pg/ml IL-1β, and the mRNA and protein expressions of activin A, follistatin, and cripto were assayed using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results IL-1βtreatment caused significant dose-dependent increments of the mRNA and protein expressions of activin A and follistatin and of the mRNA expression of cripto in cultured HESCs. Conclusion IL-1βcan affect the expressions of activin A, follistatin and cripto in HESCs from patients with endometriosis.

Objective To study the effect of interleukin-1β(IL-1β) on the expressions activin A, follistatin, and cripto in cultured human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs) form patients with endometriosis. Methods Cultured HESCs were stimulated with 250, 500, and 750 pg/ml IL-1β, and the mRNA and protein expressions of activin A, follistatin, and cripto were assayed using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results IL-1βtreatment caused significant dose-dependent increments of the mRNA and protein expressions of activin A and follistatin and of the mRNA expression of cripto in cultured HESCs. Conclusion IL-1βcan affect the expressions of activin A, follistatin and cripto in HESCs from patients with endometriosis.

OBJECTIVETo detect aberrant methylation in the promoter region of fetal endometriosis susceptibility gene homeobox-10 (HOXA10) in women with and without folic acid supplementation and explore the effect of folic acid in optimizing intrauterine environment.

METHODSThirty-six cord blood specimens were collected between January, 2010 and December, 2012 from pregnant women with endometriosis, including 22 with folic acid treatment and 15 without. Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) and bisulfite salt modified sequencing (BSP) were employed to detect aberrant methylation of HOXA10 gene in these specimens.

RESULTSThe methylation rate of HOXA10 gene differed significantly between pregnant women with endometriosis taking folic acid and those who did (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONFolic acid treatment can significantly reduce the methylation rate of fetal endometriosis susceptibility gene HOXA10.

DNA Methylation ; drug effects ; Endometriosis ; genetics ; metabolism ; Female ; Fetus ; metabolism ; Folic Acid ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Homeodomain Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Promoter Regions, Genetic