During the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic season, cosmetic procedures have been hit hard. Cosmetic techniques must now change its emphasis from infection prevention to safe restart in response to patient desire generally. A key component of the approach is comprehending how COVID-19 affects invasive cosmetic techniques. This paper reviewed the relationship between COVID-19 and invasive cosmetic techniques and proposed coping strategies during the recovery period to increase awareness of COVID-19 among practitioners and patients, and to reduce the incidence of adverse events.

Objective:To conduct a visual analysis of the related literature on hydrogel materials that promote wound healing, and to explore the research status, hotspots and future development trends in this field, in order to provide a reference for future research and development.Methods:The Web of Science Core Collection database was searched to obtain relevant literature on the promotion of wound healing by hydrogel materials from January 1, 2010 to October 1, 2023. Bibliometrics method were used to integrate the year, author, publication, number of national and institutional publications, cumulative citation and co-citation frequency and key words of the included literatures. VOSviewer 1.6.19 and CiteSpace 6.2.R4 were used for the literature’s visualization analysis and mapping.Results:A total of 3 863 literatures were included, involving 18 921 authors, and the number of publications in this field showed a significant increasing trend from 2010 to 2023. Zhao YJ, the researcher with the most publications, published 38 articles. There were 557 journals that had collected relevant literatures, and the International Journal of Biological Macromolecules had published the most literature, with a total of 286 publications. A total of 92 countries and 3 307 institutions had conducted research in related fields, with China publishing the most papers. Research institutions mainly come from China and the United States. The literature with the highest cumulative citation frequency was "Alginate: properties and biomedical applications", which reached 4 737 times. The highest cumulative co-citation frequency was the literature published by Qu J, et al in 2018, with a total of 404 times. Keyword co-occurrence, clustering, time line and emergence analysis showed that the early research in this field mainly focused on the process of wound healing and the cellular mechanism at the molecular level, and later gradually focused on the development of precise controlled release function of nanoparticles and antibacterial compounds in hydrogel scaffolds. Conclusion:Research on the application of hydrogel materials in wound healing is attracting increasing international attention. According to the changes of hot words, the future research trend in this field is to develop intelligent hydrogels with regulatory capabilities, wound monitoring, controlled drug delivery and diversified functions.

During the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic season, cosmetic procedures have been hit hard. Cosmetic techniques must now change its emphasis from infection prevention to safe restart in response to patient desire generally. A key component of the approach is comprehending how COVID-19 affects invasive cosmetic techniques. This paper reviewed the relationship between COVID-19 and invasive cosmetic techniques and proposed coping strategies during the recovery period to increase awareness of COVID-19 among practitioners and patients, and to reduce the incidence of adverse events.

Objective:To conduct a visual analysis of the related literature on hydrogel materials that promote wound healing, and to explore the research status, hotspots and future development trends in this field, in order to provide a reference for future research and development.Methods:The Web of Science Core Collection database was searched to obtain relevant literature on the promotion of wound healing by hydrogel materials from January 1, 2010 to October 1, 2023. Bibliometrics method were used to integrate the year, author, publication, number of national and institutional publications, cumulative citation and co-citation frequency and key words of the included literatures. VOSviewer 1.6.19 and CiteSpace 6.2.R4 were used for the literature’s visualization analysis and mapping.Results:A total of 3 863 literatures were included, involving 18 921 authors, and the number of publications in this field showed a significant increasing trend from 2010 to 2023. Zhao YJ, the researcher with the most publications, published 38 articles. There were 557 journals that had collected relevant literatures, and the International Journal of Biological Macromolecules had published the most literature, with a total of 286 publications. A total of 92 countries and 3 307 institutions had conducted research in related fields, with China publishing the most papers. Research institutions mainly come from China and the United States. The literature with the highest cumulative citation frequency was "Alginate: properties and biomedical applications", which reached 4 737 times. The highest cumulative co-citation frequency was the literature published by Qu J, et al in 2018, with a total of 404 times. Keyword co-occurrence, clustering, time line and emergence analysis showed that the early research in this field mainly focused on the process of wound healing and the cellular mechanism at the molecular level, and later gradually focused on the development of precise controlled release function of nanoparticles and antibacterial compounds in hydrogel scaffolds. Conclusion:Research on the application of hydrogel materials in wound healing is attracting increasing international attention. According to the changes of hot words, the future research trend in this field is to develop intelligent hydrogels with regulatory capabilities, wound monitoring, controlled drug delivery and diversified functions.

Hyaluronic acid has been widely used in cosmetic surgery in recent years, with a good prospect, but its complications should not be ignored. The most serious complication is vascular embolism, which can not only cause blindness, hemiplegia, and other sequelae, but also lead to death in servere cases. Through the analysis of the relevant literature domestic and overseas, this paper will review the prevention and treatment of vascular embolism caused by hyaluronic.

Objective:To systematically investigate the prevalence, diagnosis and treatment of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection following autologous fat grafting.Methods:A comprehensive search and collection of domestic and international literature on NTM infection after autologous fat grafting was conducted based on established inclusion and exclusion criteria. The gender, age, surgical procedure, onset latency, time of diagnosis, NTM strain, clinical manifestations, treatment plan, and follow-up time of each selected patient were collected. Systematic analysis was performed on the collected data. The measurement data of normal distribution was expressed as Mean±SD, the data of skew distribution was expressed as M( Q1, Q3), count data was expressed as frequency and percentage. Results:The data of 72 patients from 31 studies were included in the analysis, with 1 male and 71 females, aged (36.7±11.7) years (ranging from 21 to 67 years). The follow-up period ranged from 2 months to 9 years, with a median time of 12 (6, 36) months. Infection sites after fat grafting included the face (65.3%, n=47), breast (20.8%, n=15), abdomen (9.7%, n=7), buttocks (8.3%, n=6), and limbs (2.8%, n=2). Among them, 65 cases (90.3%) were infected at the injection site, 2 cases (2.8%) were infected at the liposuction site, and 5 cases (6.9%) were infected at both the liposuction and injection sites. The identified strains of NTM were: M. abscessus in 53 cases (73.6%), M. chelonae in 10 cases (13.9%), M. fortuitum in 7 cases (9.7%), M. conceptionense in 1 case (1.4%), and mixed infection of M. abscessus/ M. chelonae in 1 case (1.4%). The average latency period was 25 (10, 30) days, ranged from four days to six months. The time of diagnosis was approximately 120 (68, 195) days (ranged from 30 days to two years). Sixty-nine patients (95.8%) underwent debridement, drainage, and negative pressure aspiration, with an average of more than 3 times of debridement treatments. All patients were treated with two or more antibiotics. Clarithromycin, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, and cefoxitin were the most frequently used antibiotics. The mean duration of treatment was 12 (7, 16) months (ranged 2.5 to 18 months). Conclusion:The most common strains of NTM infection after autologous fat grafting were M. abscessus, M. chelonae, and M. fortuitum, with a higher infection rate observed at the fat injection site compared to the liposuction site. The most common treatment strategy for NTM after diagnosis was early debridement followed by combined antibiotic therapy. However, it is challenging to accurately diagnose NTM infections, leading to a high rate of misdiagnosis and mistreatment. Therefore, healthcare professionals should increase their awareness of NTM infections and acquire knowledge on how to prevent, diagnose, and treat them.

Objective:To conduct a network meta-analysis comparing the efficacy and safety of various drug injections for treating keloids.Methods:The search terms of "triamcinolone acetonide, 5-fluorouracil, verapamil, botulinum toxin, platelet rich plasma, keloid, scar, drug injection" were retrieved in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI and Wanfang database to obtain the publicly published randomized controlled trials comparing single or combined drug injection for treating keloid from January 2010 to February 2023. The outcome index was the effective proportion of treatment, incidence proportion of adverse reactions, and recurrence proportion. NoteExpress, RevMan 5.4, and Stata 16.0 statistical software were utilized to perform a network meta-analysis of eligible studies that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results:A total of 1 679 patients were enrolled in 21 studies that evaluated nine treatment modalities: triamcinolone (TAC), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), botulinum toxin type A (BTA), platelet-rich plasma (PRP), Verapamil, BTA+ 5-FU, TAC+ 5-FU, TAC+ BTA, and TAC+ PRP. The network diagram revealed that there were 36 pairwise comparisons among the 9 treatment measures, with direct comparisons in 13 of them. The funnel plot demonstrated a symmetrical distribution of effect size points, and both Beggs test and Eggers test yielded P values greater than 0.05, indicating a low likelihood of publication bias. Nine treatment measures formed five closed loops with good consistency. The result of the network meta-analysis indicated that BTA+ 5-FU was more effective than TAC, 5-FU, or PRP alone; TAC+ 5-FU was more effective than TAC, 5-FU, or PRP alone; TAC+ BTA was more effective than TAC, 5-FU, BTA, or PRP alone; Verapamil was more effective than 5-FU and BTA was more effective than 5-FU. All result were found to be statistically significant ( P<0.05). A surface under the cumulative ranking area (SUCRA) map was generated, displaying the efficacy ranking and corresponding SUCRA values for each treatment: BTA+ 5-FU (85.6%)>TAC+ 5-FU (84.8%)>BTA+ TAC (76.7%)>Verapamil (48.9%)>BTA (45.0%)>TAC+ PRP (43.8%)>PRP (32.1%)>TAC (24.7%)>5-FU(8.3%). In terms of recurrence rate, the incidence of recurrence was higher with 5-FU compared to BTA or TAC+ 5-FU, and the incidence of recurrence was higher with TAC compared to TAC+ 5-FU; these differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). A SUCRA map was generated with the ranking and SUCRA value for each treatment as follows: 5-FU (80.4%)>TAC (73.5%)>Verapamil (65.7%)>TAC+ BTA (52.5%)>PRP (34.8%)>BTA+ 5-FU (33.7%)>TAC+ 5-FU (30.2%)>BTA (29.3%). The qualitative analysis revealed a significantly lower incidence of systemic and local adverse reactions following combined drug injection compared to single drug injection. Conclusion:In the treatment of keloids using drug injection, combination therapy utilizing multiple drugs has demonstrated superior efficacy, lower recurrence rates, and fewer adverse reactions in comparison to single-drug therapy. Notably, the utilization of BAT, 5-FU, and TAC in combination may yield the most favorable outcomes.

Hyaluronic acid has been widely used in cosmetic surgery in recent years, with a good prospect, but its complications should not be ignored. The most serious complication is vascular embolism, which can not only cause blindness, hemiplegia, and other sequelae, but also lead to death in servere cases. Through the analysis of the relevant literature domestic and overseas, this paper will review the prevention and treatment of vascular embolism caused by hyaluronic.

Objective:To systematically investigate the prevalence, diagnosis and treatment of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection following autologous fat grafting.Methods:A comprehensive search and collection of domestic and international literature on NTM infection after autologous fat grafting was conducted based on established inclusion and exclusion criteria. The gender, age, surgical procedure, onset latency, time of diagnosis, NTM strain, clinical manifestations, treatment plan, and follow-up time of each selected patient were collected. Systematic analysis was performed on the collected data. The measurement data of normal distribution was expressed as Mean±SD, the data of skew distribution was expressed as M( Q1, Q3), count data was expressed as frequency and percentage. Results:The data of 72 patients from 31 studies were included in the analysis, with 1 male and 71 females, aged (36.7±11.7) years (ranging from 21 to 67 years). The follow-up period ranged from 2 months to 9 years, with a median time of 12 (6, 36) months. Infection sites after fat grafting included the face (65.3%, n=47), breast (20.8%, n=15), abdomen (9.7%, n=7), buttocks (8.3%, n=6), and limbs (2.8%, n=2). Among them, 65 cases (90.3%) were infected at the injection site, 2 cases (2.8%) were infected at the liposuction site, and 5 cases (6.9%) were infected at both the liposuction and injection sites. The identified strains of NTM were: M. abscessus in 53 cases (73.6%), M. chelonae in 10 cases (13.9%), M. fortuitum in 7 cases (9.7%), M. conceptionense in 1 case (1.4%), and mixed infection of M. abscessus/ M. chelonae in 1 case (1.4%). The average latency period was 25 (10, 30) days, ranged from four days to six months. The time of diagnosis was approximately 120 (68, 195) days (ranged from 30 days to two years). Sixty-nine patients (95.8%) underwent debridement, drainage, and negative pressure aspiration, with an average of more than 3 times of debridement treatments. All patients were treated with two or more antibiotics. Clarithromycin, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, and cefoxitin were the most frequently used antibiotics. The mean duration of treatment was 12 (7, 16) months (ranged 2.5 to 18 months). Conclusion:The most common strains of NTM infection after autologous fat grafting were M. abscessus, M. chelonae, and M. fortuitum, with a higher infection rate observed at the fat injection site compared to the liposuction site. The most common treatment strategy for NTM after diagnosis was early debridement followed by combined antibiotic therapy. However, it is challenging to accurately diagnose NTM infections, leading to a high rate of misdiagnosis and mistreatment. Therefore, healthcare professionals should increase their awareness of NTM infections and acquire knowledge on how to prevent, diagnose, and treat them.

Objective:To conduct a network meta-analysis comparing the efficacy and safety of various drug injections for treating keloids.Methods:The search terms of "triamcinolone acetonide, 5-fluorouracil, verapamil, botulinum toxin, platelet rich plasma, keloid, scar, drug injection" were retrieved in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI and Wanfang database to obtain the publicly published randomized controlled trials comparing single or combined drug injection for treating keloid from January 2010 to February 2023. The outcome index was the effective proportion of treatment, incidence proportion of adverse reactions, and recurrence proportion. NoteExpress, RevMan 5.4, and Stata 16.0 statistical software were utilized to perform a network meta-analysis of eligible studies that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results:A total of 1 679 patients were enrolled in 21 studies that evaluated nine treatment modalities: triamcinolone (TAC), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), botulinum toxin type A (BTA), platelet-rich plasma (PRP), Verapamil, BTA+ 5-FU, TAC+ 5-FU, TAC+ BTA, and TAC+ PRP. The network diagram revealed that there were 36 pairwise comparisons among the 9 treatment measures, with direct comparisons in 13 of them. The funnel plot demonstrated a symmetrical distribution of effect size points, and both Beggs test and Eggers test yielded P values greater than 0.05, indicating a low likelihood of publication bias. Nine treatment measures formed five closed loops with good consistency. The result of the network meta-analysis indicated that BTA+ 5-FU was more effective than TAC, 5-FU, or PRP alone; TAC+ 5-FU was more effective than TAC, 5-FU, or PRP alone; TAC+ BTA was more effective than TAC, 5-FU, BTA, or PRP alone; Verapamil was more effective than 5-FU and BTA was more effective than 5-FU. All result were found to be statistically significant ( P<0.05). A surface under the cumulative ranking area (SUCRA) map was generated, displaying the efficacy ranking and corresponding SUCRA values for each treatment: BTA+ 5-FU (85.6%)>TAC+ 5-FU (84.8%)>BTA+ TAC (76.7%)>Verapamil (48.9%)>BTA (45.0%)>TAC+ PRP (43.8%)>PRP (32.1%)>TAC (24.7%)>5-FU(8.3%). In terms of recurrence rate, the incidence of recurrence was higher with 5-FU compared to BTA or TAC+ 5-FU, and the incidence of recurrence was higher with TAC compared to TAC+ 5-FU; these differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). A SUCRA map was generated with the ranking and SUCRA value for each treatment as follows: 5-FU (80.4%)>TAC (73.5%)>Verapamil (65.7%)>TAC+ BTA (52.5%)>PRP (34.8%)>BTA+ 5-FU (33.7%)>TAC+ 5-FU (30.2%)>BTA (29.3%). The qualitative analysis revealed a significantly lower incidence of systemic and local adverse reactions following combined drug injection compared to single drug injection. Conclusion:In the treatment of keloids using drug injection, combination therapy utilizing multiple drugs has demonstrated superior efficacy, lower recurrence rates, and fewer adverse reactions in comparison to single-drug therapy. Notably, the utilization of BAT, 5-FU, and TAC in combination may yield the most favorable outcomes.