ObjectiveTo develop a new mosquito trap and evaluate its effectiveness in Aedes albopictus monitoring in an urban community. MethodsThe first-round field test was conducted in a well-greened residential neighborhood with high Aedes albopictus density calculated by human landing catch in August 2022， in Minhang District， Shanghai. 65 new test containers with different designs were randomly deployed in the field. These trap containers were designed by different material， color， hole size， shape and top cover colors. The results of mosquito and its egg trapping were observed and recorded continuously for 7 days. In September 2022， the second round of experiment was conducted. After comparison， an optimized trap container was designed. 140 new trap containers were compared with 140 traditional ones to evaluate the effectiveness. SPSS 22.5 software was used for statistical analysis. ResultsThere were significant changes in the outcome of mosquito and its egg trapping on the 4th and 7th day of the pre-experiment deployment of the three kinds of containers. The 200 ml container cup with three round holes in the body had the best effect on trapping mosquitos and eggs， with a positive rate of 45.5% （5/11）， while other type of contrainer cup only had a positive rate of 12% （6/50） in trapping mosquitos and eggs. Statistical significant differences （χ²=45.443，P <0.001） existed between the two tpyes of cups within the first kind of trapping container. The second kind of trapping container showed round and oval holes had better effect on mosquito trapping， with a positive rate of 55.6% （5/9）. The third kind of hanging container can resist strong wind. The best mosquito trapping effect of three round holes was 66.7% （2/3）. The container wall should not be made of rough material， which was easy to cause the escape of adult mosquitoes. Combined with the three types of containers， the new contariner should be top transparent， and the top 1/3 of the side should paint black with 3 round holes. The effective recovery rate of the new container was higher than that of the traditional one under the exclusion of human factors， and had the advantage of preventing rain， wind and rollover， but the effect of trapping mosquito and its egg was comparable to the traditional one（χ²_D4=0.197，P=0.658； χ²_D7=0.125 ，P=0.724）. ConclusionThis new type of mosquito trap is worth further exploration and research， which can improve the trapping efficiency， overall recovery rate and the accurate confirmation of the mosquito density.

Objective:To explore the effect of short-term mindfulness behavior training on body image, negative emotions and mindfulness level of pregnant women with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) .Methods:From October 2020 to October 2021, 50 RSA pregnant women admitted to the Department of Gynecology of Wuxi Woman and Enfants Care Hospital were selected as the study subject using convenience sampling. Pregnant women were divided into an intervention group and a control group using a random number table method, with 25 cases in each group. During the research process, two cases were lost in the intervention group and two cases in the control group, and 46 cases were ultimately completed, with 23 cases in each group. The control group received routine nursing, while the intervention group received a 4-week mindfulness behavior training on this basis. Body Image in Pregnancy Scale (BIPS), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) were used to evaluate the effect of intervention.Results:After intervention, the BIPS, SAS, SDS scores of pregnant women in the intervention group were lower than those in the control group, while the MAAS scores were higher than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Short-term mindfulness behavior training can improve the body image and negative emotions of pregnant women with RSA, and can improve the level of mindfulness attention awareness.

Objective:To compile the knowledge, attitude and practice questionnaire for primiparas with breast-feeding mastitis and test its reliability and validity.Methods:Guided by the knowledge-attitude-practice (KAP) theory, the first draft of the test questionnaire was formed through literature review, qualitative interviews, the Delphi method and pre-experiments. Totally 623 primiparas who attended a ClassⅢ Grade A obstetrics and gynecology hospital in Shanghai from February to June 2021 were selected by convenient sampling and formally investigated 42 days after delivery. Item analysis was used to select items; exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and expert consultation were employed to evaluate the validity of the questionnaire; test-retest reliability, half-reliability and internal consistency coefficient were used to evaluate the reliability of the questionnaire. A total of 623 questionnaires were distributed and 614 questionnaires were recovered, of which 609 were valid, with an effective recovery rate of 97.75%.Results:The questionnaire finally contained 26 items. Totally 6 common factors were extracted through exploratory factor analysis, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 63.141%. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the ratio of chi-square to degrees of freedom (χ 2/ df) =1.952, root mean square of root mean square error of approximation ( RMSEA) =0.056, comparative fit index ( CFI) = 0.922, incremental fit index ( IFI) =0.923, parsimonious normed fit index ( PNFI) =0.746, and parsimonious comparative fit index ( PCFI) =0.806. The content validity index at the questionnaire level was 0.91, and the content validity index at the item level was 0.81~0.98. The Cronbach's α coefficient of the total questionnaire was 0.863、the half-reliability coefficient was 0.714, and the test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.865. Conclusions:The KAP questionnaire for primiparas with breast-feeding mastitis has good reliability and validity, which can be used to assess the current status of primiparous women's KAP of breast-feeding mastitis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the interventional effect of the Chinese herbal preparation Xi Fu Pai Chen(XFPC) on pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in rats with silicosis. METHODS: A total of 144 adult specific pathogen free male SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: blank control group, silicosis model group, drug administration control group and groups of low-dose,medium-dose and high-dose XFPC, with 24 rats in each group. Lung silicosis model was established by single inhalation tracheal instillation method, which was treated with 50.0 g/L silica suspension, in groups except in the blank control group. On the 7 th day of modeling, the rats in the drug administration control group were orally given tetrandrine(5 mg/kg body weight), while those in the low-, medium-and high-dose groups were given 43, 86 and 192 g/L of XFPC by atomization inhalation once a day for 20 minutes, 5 days a week for 4 weeks. At the end of drug administration, the histopathological changes of the lung were observed. The number and classification of cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)were examined, and the levels of malondialdehyde(MDA) and interferon-gamma(IFN-γ) in BALF were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: On the 7 th day after modeling, the body weight in the drug administration control group and XFPC high-dose group decreased compared with the blank control group(P<0.05). On the 35 th day after modeling, the body weights of rats in the other 5 groups were lower than that in the blank control group(P<0.05). The pathological changes of lung tissue(infiltration of inflammatory cells, fibrosis and size of silicon nodule) in drug administration control group and XFPC low-dose group were better than those in silicosis model group by naked eyes and under light microscope. The lung coefficient, the proportion of neutrophils and the level of MDA and IFN-γ in BALF of the drug administration control group and XFPC low-dose group decreased(P<0.05), and the proportion of macrophages in BALF increased(P<0.05) compared with the silicosis model group. There was no significant difference in lung coefficients and the relevant indices of BALF between XFPC medium-, high-dose groups and silicosis model group(P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Low dosage XFPC can improve pulmonary fibrosis and inflammation in rats with silicosis, and its mechanism of action may be related to reducing the levels of IFN-γ and MDA in BALF.

This article reviews the current research status, main measurement tools, influencing factors and intervention measures of parenting stress in very low birth weight (VLBW) premature infants after discharge from hospital.This article points out the problems in current research and suggests that we should pay more attention to parenting stress in VLBW premature infants after discharge from hospital, and further understand its influencing factors, so as to provide a basis for future nursing interventions to reduce the parenting stress of VLBW premature infants in my country.

Objective? To understand the psychological stress and main influencing factors of the stress after implementing kangaroo mother care (KMC), and to explore the changes of the mothers＇ stress under different frequencies of KMC. Methods? Totally 586 participants including 105 mothers having KMC were selected from the newborn infant intensive care unit in a Class Ⅲ Grade A maternal and infant health care hospital admitted during the period of October, 2016 to December, 2017. According to the frequency of KMC, the participants were divided into two groups: group 1(1-3 times) and group 2 (≥ 4 times). Parent Stressor Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Uni(t PSS:NICU) was used to evaluate the parents＇ stress, and the results of the two groups were compared. Results? In the first three times of KMC,the preterm mothers had high levels of stress. Since the fourth time, the stress gradually declined. The score of the overall stress degree was (1.90±0.73), and the high scores went to "sudden alarm of the monitor machines" (1.90±1.00), "feeling helpless about being unable to get the infants out of pain" (2.11±1.13), "seeing the infants' apnoea" (2.11±1.54). There were statistical significance in "auditing factors" "parents＇ role adaptability" and "infants＇ behavior and state" between the two groups (P＜0.05). Conclusions? Preterm infants＇ mothers have moderate amount of stress. The main causes of the stress include the change of the infants＇ vital signs, the use of breathing machine, the feeling of helplessness from being unable to get the babies out of pain and separation with the babies. After several times of KMC, the mothers gradually adapt to the new roles and their stress drops dramatically.

Pregnancy and childbirth-related events may increase the risk of maternal deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Pregnancy and postpartum venous thromboembolism have been more harmful than postpartum hemorrhage and become the leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in developed countries. The characteristics and special treatment determine the importance of early assessment and prevention. This paper tries to summarize the causes and special risk factors of DVT in pregnant women at home and abroad as well as the research progress on risk assessment, in order to provide reference for clinical risk assessment and prevention of maternal DVT.

Objective To explore the nursing labor allocation model based on patient classification combined with nursing labor hour calculation in Class Ⅲ Grade A hospitals.Methods The patients in the general hospital were divided into 6 grades:special grade,Ⅰa,Ⅰb,Ⅱa,Ⅱb and Ⅲ.The daily direct and indirect nursing labor for patients of different grade were calculated,combining traditional grading nursing with Barthel Self-Care Ability Score.Results A nursing labor allocation model based on patient classification and nursing workload and man-hour measurement in internal and surgical wards of Class Ⅲ general hospitals was constructed.Conclusions Nursing labor allocation model based on patient classification and nursing workload and man-hour measurement can truly reflect the difference of nursing workload between internal and surgical wards.It can guide the clinical scientific,rational and effective allocation and use of nursing manpower.

Objective To investigate which cells persistantly express interleukin (IL)-1β during the transition of acute neuroinflammaiton to chronic neuroinflammaiton and therefore to provide the evidences of targeted therapy for blocking neuroinflammation.Methods A single does of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (2 mg/kg,LPS group) or 0.9％ saline (Control group) was intraperitoneally injected in aged rats.Level and gene expression of IL-1β in hippocampual tissue were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR),respectively.Cells secreted IL-1β in hippocampus was detected via double fluorescence.Results Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule-1 (IBA-1) positive cells were significantly increased day 1 (P ＜ 0.05) and latee on,gradually return to base level 30 days after LPS exposure.These changes were consistent with mRNA expressions of IL-1β and astrocytes-derived IL-1β in hippocampus.Neither IL-1β expressed in microglia nor in neurons was observed at any time point following LPS-treated.Conclusions LPS induces prolonged activation of glial cells and sustained expression of astrocytes-derived IL-1β,which may play an important role in the transition of acute neuroinflammation to chronic neuroinflammation.

Objective: To provide an important tool for the study of diagnose and treatment of prostate cancer (PCa) osseous metastasis and change of bone stress force on prostate cancer (PCa) osseous metastasis and a platform, which is more congruous to clinical process, for prevention and cure of neoplastic bone metastases, and to carry out the construction and improvement of animal models of PCa with different positional osseous metastasis in vivo.Methods: Different gradient concentrations of RM-1 cells were inoculated into the cavity of left femoral bone or lumbar vertebra of mice (C57BL/6) respectively.The change of mouse activity, tumor formation, tumor size and survival time were observed respectively.And the femur tissue and spinal tissue were obtained from the mice after death.The gray value of iconography were measured by imageological examination of femur tissue, and the final histopathological examination were taken to determine the tumor type in both femur and spinal tissue.Results: The tumor growth could be touched at the puncture site in all the mice after inoculated for 7 days.There were no obvious differences in the time of tumorigenesis, the rate of tumor growth and tumor size among the mice in the same group (P>0.05).As the result, the construction femoral bone and lumbar vertebra metastatic models of PCa had been confirmed by iconography and pathology detection.At the same time, the survival time of the mice inoculated with low concentrations of PCa cells was obviously longer than that of high concentrations of PCa cells (at least 2 weeks longer).Conclusion: The animal models with different positional osseous metastasis (limbs and axial skeleton) of PCa using the same PCa cells (RM-1) had been first constructed successfully in our study.At the same time, a high success rate of construction of PCa animal model with bone metastasis was obtained by femoral bone marrow cavity injection of PCa cells.The rate of tumor growth was rapid, animal survival time was appropriate, and the PCa animal model with bone metastasis can be stably reproduced by our method.These animal models can be used to explore the pathogenesis of different positional PCa bone metastasis and provide a new platform, which were more congruous to clinical process, for prevention and cure of neoplastic bone metastases.