Objective: To analyze the implementation status and challenges of sex education in special education schools, so as to provide a scientific basis for formulating effective promotion strategies. Methods: From November 2023 to January 2024, a census survey was conducted among 120 in service teachers from 7 special education schools in Luzhou. The questionnaire covered the current status of sex education in schools, teachers attitudes and knowledge toward sex education, and their coping methods for students inappropriate sexual behaviors. Results: About 77.5% of teachers reported having provided sex education to students, but 93.2% indicated a lack of specialized sex education textbooks for special children, 90.4% reported no full time teachers for sex education, and the methods of sex education were relatively limited (50.0% mainly based on lecture method). Nearly 95.8% of teachers held a positive attitude toward sex education, with 98.3% supporting its implementation. Only 26.7% of teachers demonstrated a good grasp of sex education knowledge, with the best understood topic being "recognition and protection of private parts" (21.6%). When dealing with students inappropriate sexual behaviors, the active response rate of teachers was 23.9%, with the highest active response rate observed for "intentionally hugging or kissing the opposite sex" (39.7%). Conclusions The special education schools in Luzhou lack comprehensive sex education curricula, teaching materials and full time teachers, sufficient knowledge among teachers, and adequate proactive responses to students inappropriate sexual behaviors. Greater emphasis should be placed on sex education for special children, including the training of dedicated teachers, to provide comprehensive and high quality sex education services for special children.

Objective: To investigate the changing trends for associations of anxiety and depressive symptoms with smartphone addiction among middle school students, so as to provide a scientific basis for preventing smartphone addiction in middle school students. Methods: From 2022 to 2023, a method of combining convenient sampling with cluster sampling was used to select 8 923 middle school students from 27 junior high schools and 3 senior high schools in a district of Shenzhen City between September 2022 (baseline, T1) and September 2023 (follow up, T2). The Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV), Patients Health Questionnaire-9 Item (PHQ-9), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item Scale (GAD-7) were administered to assess smartphone addiction, anxiety and depressive symptoms. Mixed effects models were used to analyze the association of anxiety and depressive symptoms with smartphone addiction among middle school students. Results: From September 2022 to September 2023, the reported prevalence of smartphone addiction increased from 24.22% to 25.25% ( χ 2=45.71); and smartphone addiction scores [ 24.00 (16.00, 32.00),25.00(16.00, 33.00)], anxiety symptom scores [2.00(0.00, 7.00),3.00(0.00, 7.00)] and depressive symptom scores[3.00(0.00, 8.00),5.00(0.00, 9.00)] all significantly increased ( Z =-17.43, -42.38, -41.57) (all P <0.05). There were statistically significant difference in the distribution of anxiety and depression symptom levels among middle school students in 2022 and 2023 ( χ 2=85.15, 106.85, both P <0.05). After adjusting for covariates such as age, gender and family background, mixed effects models revealed dose response associations of anxiety and depressive symptoms with smartphone addiction among middle school students:mild anxiety symptom( OR =3.22), moderate to severe anxiety symptom ( OR =5.36), mild depressive symptom ( OR =3.32) and moderate to severe depressive symptom ( OR =6.13) were significantly associated with higher risks of smartphone addiction (all P <0.05). Interaction effect analysis found that co existing anxiety and depressive symptoms synergistically increased addiction risk by 5.60 times ( OR =5.60) compared to the asymptomatic group, with 32% of the combined risk attributable to their interaction ( S=1.64, AP =0.32)(both P < 0.05 ). Conclusions Anxiety and depressive symptoms are significantly associated with smartphone addiction, exhibiting a synergistic effect. Attention should be paid to emotional issues and smartphone addiction among middle school students.

Aural vertigo frequently encountered in the otolaryngology department of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） mainly involves peripheral vestibular diseases of Western medicine， such as Meniere's disease， benign paroxysmal positional vertigo， vestibular neuritis， and vestibular migraine， being a hot research topic in both TCM and Western medicine. Western medical therapies alone have unsatisfactory effects on recurrent aural vertigo， aural vertigo affecting the quality of life， aural vertigo not relieved after surgery， aural vertigo with complex causes， and children's aural vertigo. The literature records and clinical practice have proven that TCM demonstrates unique advantages in the treatment of aural vertigo. The China Association of Chinese medicine sponsored the "17th youth salon on the diseases responding specifically to TCM： Aural vertigo" and invited vertigo experts of TCM and Western medicine to discuss the difficulties and advantages of TCM diagnosis and treatment of aural vertigo. The experts deeply discussed the achievements and contributions of TCM and Western medicine in the diagnosis and treatment of aural vertigo， the control and mitigation of the symptoms， and the solutions to disease recurrence. The discussion clarified the positioning and advantages of TCM treatment and provided guidance for clinical and basic research on aural vertigo.

Objective:To explore the risk factors for recurrence of intussusception in children after successful ultrasound-guided saline enema reduction.Methods:The clinical and follow up data of 355 hospitalized children with intussusception at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from Feb 2018 to Feb 2023 were reviewed.Patients were divided into two groups by recurrence develped and the differences were compared, Data with significant differences were incorporated into multi-factor logistic analysis.Results:The overall recurrence rate was 15.8% (56/355). By univariate variable analysis model, there were statistically significant differences between the two groups in age, previous intussusception history, vomiting, maximum diameter of concentric circles shown by ultrasound, and concurrent bowel organic diseases (lead points) (all P<0.05). In multivariate Logistic regression model, age, previous intussusception history, maximum diameter of concentric circles, and lead points were independent risk factors for recurrent intussusception after saline enema.The optimal cut-off values for age and maximum diameter of concentric circles were 2 years and 33.5 mm, respectively, according to ROC curve analysis. Conclusion:Age older than 2 years, previous intussusception history, maximum diameter of concentric circles longer than 33.5 mm, and lead points are independent risk factors for recurrence after saline enema.

Objective The study aimed to compare the diagnostic efficacy of QuantiFERON-TB Gold(QFT-TB)detection of specific cellular immune IGRAs in tuberculosis diagnostic laboratory for pulmonary tuberculosis,extrapulmonary tuberculosis and special population samples in vitro,which may provide evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods A total of 546 patients with tuberculosis(AFB + 146 cases,AFB-247 cases),117 patients with molecular biology positive tuberculosis(Xpert 69 cases,TB-DNA 48 cases)and 36 patients with histopathological positive were collected from January to July 2023.There were 72 cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis,276 cases of pleural effusion and 25 cases of ascites.QFT-TB method was used for detection,chi-square test was applied for com-parison between groups,and the methodological evaluation of positive rate and coincidence rate were all compared.Results The positive rates of QFT-TB in pulmonary tuberculosis,extrapulmonary tuberculosis and close contacts were 83.69%,69.44%,and 32.41%,respectively.The coincidence rates of QFT-TB in AFB +,GeneXpert,TB-DNA and pathological confirmed tuberculosis patients were 91.09%,88.40%,81.25%,and 72.22%,respectively.The positive rate of pleural effusion in patients with tuberculous pleurisy was 60.50%,and the uncertainty rate was 29.71%.The positive rate of ascites was 44.00%and the uncertainty was 36.00%.Conclusion QFT-TB test has good value in the auxiliary diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis,and has certain reference significance for the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis based on the detection of pleural fluids and ascites.

Objective To investigate the effects of icariin on high glucose-induced autophagy and apoptosis of podocytes,and the regulating effects on mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)/serine-threonine kinase(Akt)/cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein(CREB)pathway.Methods The mouse podocytes MPC5 were taken and divided into five groups:normal control group(5.5 mmol·L-1 glucose),high glucose group(30 mmol·L-1 glucose),icariin group(30 mmol·L-1glucose+5 μmol·L-1icariin),GDC-0349 group(30 mmol·L-1glucose+50 μmol·L-1 GDC-0349),icariin+GDC-0349 group(30 mmol·L-1 glucose+5 μmol·L-1 icariin+50 μmol·L-1 GDC-0349).Cultured for 48 hours,the tetramethylazozolium salt method was used to detect the viability of MPC5 cells;acridine orange staining was used to observe the autophagy of MPC5 cells;apoptosis of MPC5 cells was detected by flow cytometry;Western blotting was used to detect the expression of autophagy[microtubule associated protein one light chain 3(LC3)II,LC3Ⅰ,autophagy-related protein(Beclin-1)],apoptosis[Bcl-2 related X protein(Bax),B cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2)]and mTOR/Akt/CREB pathway-related proteins of MPC5 cells.Results Compared with the normal control group,the cell viability,expression levels of Bcl-2,phosphorylated mTOR(p-mTOR)/mTOR,phosphorylated Akt(p-Akt)/Akt,phosphorylated CREB(p-CREB)/CREB protein of MPC5 cells in the high glucose group were significantly decreased(P＜0.05),the autophagy ability was enhanced,the autophagosome showed orange fluorescence,and the apoptosis rate,LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ,Beclin-1,Bax protein expression levels were significantly increased(P＜0.05).Compared with the high glucose group,the cell viability,LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ,Beclin-1,Bcl-2,p-mTOR/mTOR,p-Akt/Akt,p-CREB/CREB protein expression levels of MPC5 cells in icariin group were significantly increased,the autophagy ability was further enhanced,the number of autophagosomes was increased,the autophagosomes showed brick red fluorescence(P＜0.05),the apoptosis rate and Bax protein expression level were significantly decreased(P＜0.05),and the cell viability,LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ,Beclin-1,Bcl-2,p-mTOR/mTOR,p-Akt/Akt and p-CREB/CREB proteins expression levels of MPC5 cells in GDC-0349 group were significantly decreased,the autophagy ability was weakened,the number of autophagosomes was reduced,the autophagosomes showed orange fluorescence(P＜0.05),and the apoptosis rate and Bax protein expression level were significantly increased(P＜0.05);icariin+GDC-0349 could reverse the effect of icariin on high glucose induced MPC5 cells(P＜0.05).Conclusion Icariin promotes elevated glucose-induced podocyte autophagy and inhibits apoptosis by activating the mTOR/Akt/CREB pathway.

Objective To understand the bioinformatics of human ribosomal protein L22(RPL22)gene,prokary-otic expression and purification of human RPL22 recombinant protein,synthesis of human RPL22(labeled as agent M)in vitro,study the effects of agent M on proliferation,cycle and apoptosis of NSCLC A549 cells,and to analyze the effect of combination chemotherapy with M and cisplatin(DDP).Methods RPL22 bioinformatics was ana-lyzed.RPL22 gene was cloned by PCR,the single chain oligonucleotide was designed and synthesized to obtain the target gene,and connect the pET-28α vector.The pET-28α-RPL22 recombinant plasmid was constructed,and the receptive cell DH5α of Escherichia coli was transformed.The expression of recombinant protein RPL22 was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot.The semi-inhibitory rate(IC50)of M and DDP in A549 cells and the effect of M on the proliferation of A549 cells were detected by CCK-8.The effect of agent M on apoptosis and cycle of A549 cells was detected by flow cytometry.qPCR and Western blot assays were used to detect M and DDP on phosphati-dylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/AKT)and adenosine 5'-monophosphate activation of protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin(AMPK/mTOR)signaling pathway,respectively.Results RPL22 protein was an unstable and hydrophilic protein.The recombinant protein was dissolved and purified to obtain high concentration of recombinant protein.In A549 cells,the IC50 of reagent M was 400 μg/L,and the IC50 of DDP was 10 μmol/L,and the concentration of reagent M was inversely proportional to the cell activity.The inhibitory effect of reagent M(200 μg/L)combined with DDP(2.5 μmol/L)was similar to that of DDP(10 μmol/L)alone.Reagent M could induce G2 cell cycle arrest and promote apoptosis,and might be involved in the regulation of PI3 K/AKT and AMPK/mTOR pathways.Conclusion The recombinant RPL22 protein is cloned and expressed successfully.

Objective:To analyze the seroepidemiological characteristics of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among adolescents aged 0-14 years in Henan Province and to evaluate the effectiveness of the childhood hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) immunization program.Methods:From September 2021 to March 2022, a total of 4 883 adolescents aged 0-14 years were selected from 25 villages or communities of 18 provincial-level cities in Henan Province by using the multi-stage random cluster sampling method. Demographic data were collected through questionnaires. The 3 ml of blood samples were collected from individuals aged 0-4 years and 5 ml of blood samples were collected from individuals aged 5-14 years to test HBsAg, HBcAb and HBsAb. Data on vaccination were collected through Henan Provincial Immunization Information System and hepatitis B cases in Henan Province were collected through China Infectious Disease Reporting System. The effectiveness of the childhood HepB immunization program was analyzed.Results:The average age of 4 883 subjects was (7.32±2.81) years old. The positive rates of HBsAg and HBcAb were 0.1% (7/4 883) and 1.0% (50/4 883), and the population standardized rates were 0.3% and 1.7%. In 2002, the positive rate of HBsAg among adolescents aged 0-14 years in Henan Province was 3.39%. Compared with that in 2002, the number of chronic HBV infections among adolescents in Henan Province in 2022 decreased by about 0.7 million. In 2002, the vaccination rate of newborns who completed all three doses of vaccine was 6.26%. In 2003, the vaccination rate of the hepatitis B vaccine rose rapidly, reaching 90% in 2013 for the first time. After 2014, the vaccination rate in Henan Province continued to remain above 95%. The proportion of cases among children aged 1-4 years in clinical reports decreased from 0.43% (1 108/256 566) in 2006 to 0.01% (78/80 655) in 2021. The proportion of cases among adolescents aged 5-19 years decreased from 18.21% (46 710/256 566) in 2006 to 1.1% (827/80 655) in 2021.Conclusions:From 2002 to 2022, the positive rate of HBsAg among adolescents aged 0-14 years has decreased significantly in Henan Province. The effectiveness of the HepB immunization program for children is good.

Objective:To analyze the seroepidemiological characteristics of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among adolescents aged 0-14 years in Henan Province and to evaluate the effectiveness of the childhood hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) immunization program.Methods:From September 2021 to March 2022, a total of 4 883 adolescents aged 0-14 years were selected from 25 villages or communities of 18 provincial-level cities in Henan Province by using the multi-stage random cluster sampling method. Demographic data were collected through questionnaires. The 3 ml of blood samples were collected from individuals aged 0-4 years and 5 ml of blood samples were collected from individuals aged 5-14 years to test HBsAg, HBcAb and HBsAb. Data on vaccination were collected through Henan Provincial Immunization Information System and hepatitis B cases in Henan Province were collected through China Infectious Disease Reporting System. The effectiveness of the childhood HepB immunization program was analyzed.Results:The average age of 4 883 subjects was (7.32±2.81) years old. The positive rates of HBsAg and HBcAb were 0.1% (7/4 883) and 1.0% (50/4 883), and the population standardized rates were 0.3% and 1.7%. In 2002, the positive rate of HBsAg among adolescents aged 0-14 years in Henan Province was 3.39%. Compared with that in 2002, the number of chronic HBV infections among adolescents in Henan Province in 2022 decreased by about 0.7 million. In 2002, the vaccination rate of newborns who completed all three doses of vaccine was 6.26%. In 2003, the vaccination rate of the hepatitis B vaccine rose rapidly, reaching 90% in 2013 for the first time. After 2014, the vaccination rate in Henan Province continued to remain above 95%. The proportion of cases among children aged 1-4 years in clinical reports decreased from 0.43% (1 108/256 566) in 2006 to 0.01% (78/80 655) in 2021. The proportion of cases among adolescents aged 5-19 years decreased from 18.21% (46 710/256 566) in 2006 to 1.1% (827/80 655) in 2021.Conclusions:From 2002 to 2022, the positive rate of HBsAg among adolescents aged 0-14 years has decreased significantly in Henan Province. The effectiveness of the HepB immunization program for children is good.

Objective To investigate the role and related mechanism of the soluble guanylate cyclase(sGC)-cGMP-protein kinase G(PKG)signaling pathway in the amelioration of isoproterenol(ISO)-induced cardiac hypertrophy in mice by aqueous extract of Curcuma kwangsiensis root tubers(GYJS).Methods 72 KM male mice were divided randomly into 6 groups:normal,model,propranolol control(40 mg/kg),and GYJS low-(1 g/kg),medium-(2 g/kg),and high-dose(4 g/kg)groups.Mice in the experimental groups were injected subcutaneously with ISO 10 mg/kg on days 1～3 and ISO 5 mg/kg on days 4～14 to establish a mouse cardiac hypertrophy model.4h after each subcutaneous injection of ISO,the mice in each group were administered the corresponding drugs orally for a dosing cycle of 14 days.The hearts were then removed and whole heart and left ventricle weight were measured.Myocardial tissue pathology was observed using hematoxylin and eosin and Masson staining,and sGC subunit beta-1(GUCY1B3)and transforming growth factor(TGF-β1)were detected by immunohistochemistry.Serum lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),creatine kinase(CK),and Nitric Oxide(NO),and myocardial superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity and malondialdehyde(MDA)content were measured using respective kits.Serum cGMP was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative reverse transcription PCR(RT-qPCR),and atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP),brain natriuretic peptide(BNP),GUCY1B3,PKG Ⅰ,and phosphodiesterase(PDE)5A mRNA expression levels were also determined by RT-qPCR.Results Compared with the model group,whole heart and left ventricle weights were significantly reduced in mice treated with propranolol or GYJS(P＜0.001 or P＜0.0001)and myocardial hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis were significantly reversed.All the treatments significantly elevated myocardial expression of GUCY1B3(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01)and significantly reduced expression of TGF-β1(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).The myocardial damage markers LDH and CK were significantly reduced(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01)while NO and cGMP were significantly elevated(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),the myocardial oxidative stress indicator MDA was significantly reduced(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01)and SOD activity was significantly increased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).mRNA levels of the myocardial hypertrophy markers ANP,BNP,and PDE5A were significantly reduced(P＜0.05,P＜0.01,or P＜0.001)and the mRNA levels of GUCY1B3 and PKG Ⅰ were significantly increased(P＜0.01 or P＜0.001).Conclusions GYJS may improve cardiac hypertrophy by modulating the sGC-cGMP-PKG signaling pathway.