Hepatic encephalopathy is a difficult and critical disease with rapid progression and limited treatment methods in the field of liver disease， and it is urgently needed to make breakthroughs in its pathogenesis. Selection of appropriate prevention and treatment strategies is of great importance in delaying disease progression and reducing the incidence and mortality rates. This article reviews the theory of “turbid toxin pathogenesis” and related prevention and treatment strategies for hepatic encephalopathy in traditional Chinese medicine/Zhuang medicine， proposes a new theory of “turbid toxin pathogenesis”， analyzes the scientific connotations of “turbid”， “toxin”， and the theory of “turbid toxin pathogenesis”， and constructs the “four-step” prevention and treatment strategies for hepatic encephalopathy， thereby establishing the new clinical prevention and treatment regimen for hepatic encephalopathy represented by “four prescriptions and two techniques” and clarifying the effect mechanism and biological basis of core prescriptions and techniques in the prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy， in order to provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy.

In recent years,the morbidity and mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)have been increasing worldwide,and the treatment strategies for HCC are still insufficient,which highlights the importance of exploring the pathogenesis and progression of HCC.Transient receptor potential(TRP)pathway is an important non-selective cation pathway,which is closely related to inflammatory response and sensory conduction.At present,a number of studies have shown that TRP pathway is also involved in the occurrence and development of HCC,inducing HCC invasion and migration.However,the overall potential mechanism and possible signal transduction pathways of TRP pathway in HCC remain unclear.Therefore,this article discusses the abnormal expression of TRP pathway in HCC,and reviews the key biological events of TRP pathway involved in the formation and progression of HCC,such as chronic liver inflammation-fibrosis progression,HCC cell proliferation,migration,apoptosis and HCC stem cell generation,and looks forward to its application prospect in HCC treatment.The aim is to better un-derstand the significance of TRP pathway in HCC,help to find new therapeutic targets and effective drugs,and open up a new situation for future clinical treatment.

Lipid metabolism,as the basis of life maintenance,is a prerequisite for cell survival,and lipid homeostasis can rapidly respond to metabolic changes in a coordinated manner.In cancers,there is an increase in lipid metabolism in cancer cells to meet the requirements for plasma membrane synthesis and energy production.Abnormal lipid metabolism plays an important role in the progression of primary liver cancer.This article reviews the association between abnormal lipid metabolism and primary liver cancer,in order to find targets for the prevention and treatment of primary liver cancer.

Basic research and interdisciplinary application of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） have been continuously extended and rapidly developed with the continuous funding and promotion of basic research on TCM supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （NSFC）， and the overall level of basic research on TCM has been significantly improved， which has made important contributions to the diagnosis and treatment mechanism of TCM by "clarifying， identifying， and interpreting"， providing benchmark guarantees for basic research and industry development of TCM. This article focused on the application and funded projects of NSFC in 2023 under the H31 application code of TCM. It analyzed the project types， branch codes， research question categories， supporting units and regions， research directions， and keywords and summarized the characteristics of the currently funded projects in H31. At the same time， it analyzed the relevant problems in the project application process and put forward several suggestions， so as to provide a reference for scholars in the field of TCM. In 2023， a total of 8 334 applications for three types of projects （general projects， projects for young scholars， and regional projects） under the H31 code have been received by NSFC， which is the highest number in the past five years. However， the proportion of funding is still on a downward trend， and there is fierce competition among applicants. Finally， 804 projects for the three categories under the H31 code have been funded. The total funding decreased in 2022， and the average funding amount of the general project and the regional project has dropped to the lowest in the past five years. It is found that the development of branch research and the research questions under the H31 code is unbalanced. Few projects have focused on the original theory of TCM. Some projects are detached from the characteristics and research laws of TCM. Most researchers lack innovative research ideas， and the applications they write are filled with routines and patterns. In addition， the issue of scientific integrity remains a primary principle for project applicants.

Objective To explore the effects of two methods of video laryngoscope insertion on the success rate of tracheal intubation and postoperative pharyngeal complications.Methods We selected 80 elective surgerypatients with American Society of Anesthesiologists(ASA)classification Ⅰ to Ⅱ who had no difficult airway in preoperative assessment under general anesthesia with orotracheal intubation.They were aged 18 to 65 years old and there were no restrictions on height and weight.The patients were randomly divided into a group with laryngoscope inserted through the middle of the mouth(group M)and a group with laryngoscope inserted through the right corner of the mouth(group C),with 40 cases in each group.Observe the laryngoscope exposure grading,oropharyngeal mucosal bleeding,first-time intubation success rate,and occurrence of pharyngeal pain and hoarseness within 48 hours after surgery in both groups;record the patients'systolic blood pressure(SBP),diastolic blood pressure(DBP),and heart rate(HR)among admission to the room(T0),after giving anesthesia drugs(T1),immediately after intubation(T2),1 min after intubation(T3),and 3 min after intubation(T4).Results The SBP of group M was lower than that of group C at T3(P＜0.05);There was no statistically significant difference in laryngoscope exposure grading between the two groups(P＞0.05).The intubation time,oropharynx mucosal bleeding and the cases of sore throat within 48 hours of group M were less than those in group C(P＜0.05).The success rate of primary intubation in group M was higher than that in group C(P＜0.05).Conclusion Inserting a video laryngoscope through the middle of the mouth can reduce oropharyngeal mucosal bleeding,improve the success rate of intubation,and reduce the incidence of postoperative pharyngeal complications.

To develop a novel glucose-lowering biomedicine with potential benefits in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, we used the 10rolGLP-1 gene previously constructed in our laboratory and the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technique to create an engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain. The gRNA expression vector pYES2-gRNA, the donor vector pNK1-L-PGK-10rolGLP-1-R and the Cas9 expression vector pGADT7-Cas9 were constructed and co-transformed into S. cerevisiae INVSc1 strain, with the PGK-10rolGLP-1 expressing unit specifically knocked in through homologous recombination. Finally, an S. cerevisiae strain highly expressing the 10rolGLP-1 with glucose-lowering activity was obtained. SDS-PAGE and Western blotting results confirmed that two recombinant strains of S. cerevisiae stably expressed the 10rolGLP-1 and exhibited the desired glucose-lowering property when orally administered to mice. Hypoglycemic experiment results showed that the recombinant hypoglycemic S. cerevisiae strain offered a highly hypoglycemic effect on the diabetic mouse model, and the blood glucose decline was adagio, which can avoid the dangerous consequences caused by rapid decline in blood glucose. Moreover, the body weight and other symptoms such as polyuria also improved significantly, indicating that the orally hypoglycemic S. cerevisiae strain that we constructed may develop into an effective, safe, economic, practical and ideal functional food for type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment.
Mice ; Animals ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism* ; CRISPR-Cas Systems ; Glucose/metabolism* ; Blood Glucose/metabolism* ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/therapy* ; Hypoglycemic Agents/metabolism*

Objective:To observe the tracer effect of indocyanine green (ICG) surgical coaxial fluorescence projective imaging system (CFPI) and methylene blue (MB) staining method in the sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) of acral malignant melanoma.Methods:Data of patients with acral malignant melanoma requiring SLNB diagnosed in the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China from March 2020 to October 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Both ICG and MB were injected intraoperatively to trace the sentinel lymph node (SLN), and SLNB was performed according to fluorescent labeling. Numbers of SLN and metastatic SLN deteted by ICG, MB, ICG combined with MB during operation were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using Graphpad Prism 6 software, and the detected number of SLN was expressed as Mean±SD, and paired t-test was performed. The detection rate of SLN was expressed by % and χ2 test was used. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:A total of 21 patients were included, and 62 SLNs were detected, among which 58 (93.5%) were detected by ICG, 41 (66.1%) by MB, and 62 (100.0%) by ICG combined with MB, respectively. The detection rate of ICG was significantly higher than that of MB, with statistical significance ( χ2=22.34, P=0.001). The detected numbers of SLNs by ICG, MB, ICG combined with MB were (2.76±0.23), (1.95±0.21) and (2.95±0.25) /per person, respectively. ICG was significantly more than MB, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=2.60, P=0.013). A total of 10 metastatic SLNs were detected, of which 10 were detected by ICG, 7 by MB, and 10 by ICG combined with MB. Conclusion:Compared with MB, ICG CFPI showed better performance in SLNB, and ICG combined with MB showed better performance than ICG alone.

Objective:To observe the tracer effect of indocyanine green (ICG) surgical coaxial fluorescence projective imaging system (CFPI) and methylene blue (MB) staining method in the sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) of acral malignant melanoma.Methods:Data of patients with acral malignant melanoma requiring SLNB diagnosed in the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China from March 2020 to October 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Both ICG and MB were injected intraoperatively to trace the sentinel lymph node (SLN), and SLNB was performed according to fluorescent labeling. Numbers of SLN and metastatic SLN deteted by ICG, MB, ICG combined with MB during operation were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using Graphpad Prism 6 software, and the detected number of SLN was expressed as Mean±SD, and paired t-test was performed. The detection rate of SLN was expressed by % and χ2 test was used. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:A total of 21 patients were included, and 62 SLNs were detected, among which 58 (93.5%) were detected by ICG, 41 (66.1%) by MB, and 62 (100.0%) by ICG combined with MB, respectively. The detection rate of ICG was significantly higher than that of MB, with statistical significance ( χ2=22.34, P=0.001). The detected numbers of SLNs by ICG, MB, ICG combined with MB were (2.76±0.23), (1.95±0.21) and (2.95±0.25) /per person, respectively. ICG was significantly more than MB, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=2.60, P=0.013). A total of 10 metastatic SLNs were detected, of which 10 were detected by ICG, 7 by MB, and 10 by ICG combined with MB. Conclusion:Compared with MB, ICG CFPI showed better performance in SLNB, and ICG combined with MB showed better performance than ICG alone.

Objective:To investigate the effects of compression treatment on occurrence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) after tension-free inguinal hernia repair.Methods:The retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinical data of 13 263 patients with inguinal hernia who were admitted to 58 medical centers from January to December in 2017 were collected, including 1 668 in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital of Capital Medical University, 782 in East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, 558 in Huadong Hospital of Fudan University, 525 in Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 488 in Ruijin Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 382 in Tianjin People's Hospital, 378 in Peking University Third Hospital, 364 in Beijing Hospital, 356 in Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 348 in Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, 348 in Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, 328 in Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 304 in Beijing Luhe Hospital of Capital Medical University, 296 in People's Hospital of Changshou District in Chongqing, 290 in Anhui Provincial Hospital, 281 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 281 in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous People's Hospital, 247 in Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 220 in Wuhan NO.1 Hospital, 214 in the First Hospital of China Medical University, 213 in West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 206 in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 202 in Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 197 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou University, 191 in Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, 190 in Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 189 in Xuzhou Central Hospital, 188 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 187 in the Second Hospital Affiliated to Naval Medical University, 175 in Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, 173 in Tianjin Nankai Hospital, 172 in the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 172 in Zhangjiakou First Hospital, 161 in Henan Provincial People's Hospital, 153 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 149 in Shandong Provincial Hospital, 142 in the Second Hospital of Shandong University, 137 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Medicine, 136 in the Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 127 in Pingjiang District of the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 102 in the Central Hospital of Wuhan, 100 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 98 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 97 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 96 in Xijing Hospital Affiliated to Air Force Medical University, 90 in the Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, 81 in Hunan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Medicine, 80 in the First Hospital of Tsinghua University, 80 in Xinhua Hospital of Hubei Province, 61 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 57 in Peking University International Hospital, 50 in Peking University First Hospital, 39 in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 38 in Jilin Yan'an Hospital, 37 in China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 20 in Taikang Xianlin Drum Hospital, 16 in Chinese PLA General Hospital, 3 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University. There were 11 852 males and 1 411 females, aged from 18 to 102 years, with a median age of 64 years. Of 13 263 patients, 9 995 with compression treatment after tension-free inguinal hernia repair were divided into compression group and 3 268 without compression treatment after tension-free inguinal hernia repair were divided into non-compression group. Observation indicators: (1) compression treatment of patients in the compression group; (2) occurrence of VTE after tension-free inguinal hernia repair in the two groups; (3) analysis of influencing factors for VTE after tension-free inguinal hernia repair. Follow-up using telephone interview was performed to detect history of patient's thrombosis, medical history of patient's family and the incidence of postoperative VTE up to February 2018. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M ( P25, P75) or M (range), and comparison between groups was analyzed using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. Count data were described as absolute numbers or percentages, and comparison between groups was analyzed using the chi-square test. Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis were conducted using the Logistic regression model. Results:(1) Compression treatment of patients in the compression group: of the 9 995 patients in the compression group, 6 086 underwent compression treatment with 0.5 kg of sandbag or 500 mL of packed 0.9% sodium chloride solution, 1 881 underwent compression treatment with trusses, 745 underwent compression treatment with girdles, 675 underwent compression treatment with elastic underwear combined with 0.5 kg of sandbag, and 608 underwent compression treatment with elastic underwear. (2) Occurrence of VTE after tension-free inguinal hernia repair in the two groups: patients of the two groups after matching were followed up. Occurrence of VTE after matching were 15 and 1 in the compression group and non-compression group, respectively, showing no significant difference between the two groups ( χ2=2.010, P>0.05). (3) Analysis of influencing factors for VTE after tension-free inguinal hernia repair: results of univariate analysis showed that cases with varix of lower limb, cases with oral contracep-tives or hormone replacement therapy history, cases with VTE history, clinical classification, clinical typing, surgical method, cases with anticoagulant drugs history, cases undergoing oral antiplatelet drugs, cases undergoing postoperative VTE prevention with medication were related factors for occurrence of VTE after tension-free inguinal hernia repair ( odds ratio=13.98, 37.71, 19.21, 4.43, 4.21, 0.07, 0.08, 0.10, 31.04, 95% confidence interval: 3.15?62.11, 8.35?170.24, 6.15?60.00, 1.43?13.76, 1.20?14.82, 0.01?0.49, 0.02?0.27, 0.04?0.29, 8.53?112.93, P<0.05). Results of multivariate analysis showed that cases with VTE history and surgical method were independent influencing factors for occurrence of VTE after tension-free inguinal hernia repair ( odds ratio=7.78, 11.19, 95% confidence interval: 2.06?29.42, 1.45?86.55, P<0.05). Conclusion:Cases with VTE history and surgical method are independent influencing factors for occurrence of VTE after tension-free inguinal hernia repair.

【Objective】 To explore the correlation of DAT-positive hemolytic anemia(HA) with gender, age, and ABO serological indicators (anti-A, anti-B, anti-AB, anti-D; Ac, Bc, Oc), so as to provide references for clinical diagnosis. 【Methods】 2 832 HA patients who had underwent DAT tests in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University in recent years were divided into the positive-DAT patients ( n=382 )and negative-DAT patients (n=2 450 ) according to the testing results. The correlation between the positive-DAT patients and the sex, age and ABO serological indicators was analyzed using SPSS 25.0 statistical software. 【Results】 DAT-positive HA risk in women were significantly higher than men (OR=1.712, CI95%= [1.365, 2.147], P<0.01), and it differed significantly by ages; it increased significantly with the presence of positive anti-A, negative Ac (OR=1.429, CI95%= [1.150, 1.775] ; P<0.01), and positive Oc(OR=21.369, CI95%= [13.813, 33.057] ; P<0.01). Men aged 31~40 were prone to develop mixed type(OR=19.304, CI95%= [2.208, 168.751] ; P<0.01), women aged 41~50 were prone to cold antibody(OR=3.981, CI95%= [1.545, 10.259] ; P<0.01); anti-AB positive patients were prone to mixed type (OR=1.852, CI95%= [1.027, 3.339] ; P<0.05), Oc positive was prone to warm antibody(OR=4.018, CI95%= [1.386, 1.646], P<0.01). 【Conclusion】 DAT-positive HA is significantly correlated with gender and age, and is positively correlated with anti-A, Oc positive and Ac negative.