Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes motor, sensory, and autonomic dysfunctions. The gut microbiome has an important role in SCI, while short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are one of the main bioactive mediators of microbiota. In the present study, we explored the effects of oral administration of exogenous SCFAs on the recovery of locomotor function and tissue repair in SCI. Allen's method was utilized to establish an SCI model in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The animals received water containing a mixture of 150 mmol/L SCFAs after SCI. After 21 d of treatment, the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) score increased, the regularity index improved, and the base of support (BOS) value declined. Spinal cord tissue inflammatory infiltration was alleviated, the spinal cord necrosis cavity was reduced, and the numbers of motor neurons and Nissl bodies were elevated. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and immunohistochemistry assay revealed that the expression of interleukin (IL)‍-10 increased and that of IL-17 decreased in the spinal cord. SCFAs promoted gut homeostasis, induced intestinal T cells to shift toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype, and promoted regulatory T (Treg) cells to secrete IL-10, affecting Treg cells and IL-17⁺ γδ T cells in the spinal cord. Furthermore, we observed that Treg cells migrated from the gut to the spinal cord region after SCI. The above findings confirm that SCFAs can regulate Treg cells in the gut and affect the balance of Treg and IL-17⁺ γδ T cells in the spinal cord, which inhibits the inflammatory response and promotes the motor function in SCI rats. Our findings suggest that there is a relationship among gut, spinal cord, and immune cells, and the "gut-spinal cord-immune" axis may be one of the mechanisms regulating neural repair after SCI.
Animals ; Rats ; Interleukin-17 ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Recovery of Function ; Spinal Cord Injuries/drug therapy* ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology*

Objective:To investigate the effects of breast milk to total milk intake ratio during hospitalization on the duration of antibiotic therapy in preterm infants less than 34 weeks of gestation.Methods:Clinical data of preterm infants ( n=1 792) less than 34 gestational weeks were retrospectively collected in 16 hospitals of Jiangsu Province Neonatal-Perinatal Cooperation Network from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2021. The days of therapy (DOT) were used to evaluate the duration of antibiotic administration. The median DOT was 15.0 d (7.0-27.0 d). The patients were divided into four groups based on the quartiles of DOT: Q 1 (DOT≤7.0 d), Q 2 (7.0 d27.0 d) groups. According to the breast milk intake ratio (breast milk intake to total milk intake during hospitalization×100%), they were also divided into four groups: very-low-ratio breastfeeding group (breast milk intake ratio≤25%), low-ratio breastfeeding group (25%75%). Univariate analysis ( Chi-square test and Kruskal-Wallis rank-sum test) was used to analyze the factors influencing DOT. Spearman correlation analysis and trend Chi-square test were used to explore the relationship between breast milk intake ratio and DOT. After using multiple imputations to address missing data, two models were constructed after adjusting for different factors, and multinomial logistic regression model was applied to evaluate the effects of the breast milk intake ratio on DOT. Finally, sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the stability of the models. Results:(1) Of the 1 792 preterm infants, there were 507 (28.3%) in the Q 1 group, 422 (23.5%) in the Q 2 group, 438 (24.4%) in the Q 3 group and 425 (23.7%) in the Q 4 group. (2) The median values of DOT in the very-low-ratio, low-ratio, medium-ratio and high-ratio breastfeeding groups were 20.0 d (11.0-31.0 d), 20.0 d (11.0-32.0 d), 13.0 d (6.0-25.8 d) and 10.0 d (4.0-21.0 d), respectively. Compared with the very-low-ratio and low-ratio breastfeeding groups, the medium-ratio and high-ratio breastfeeding groups had shorter DOT (all P<0.05). (3) After adjusting for factors with P<0.1 (prenatal glucocorticoid exposure, antimicrobial use within 24 h before delivery, gestational age at delivery, birth weight, Apgar score≤7 at 1 min, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, infectious pneumonia and early-onset neonatal sepsis) between the DOT quartile groups, it showed that medium-ratio and high-ratio breastfeeding were protective factors in contrast to very-low-ratio breastfeeding in the Q 2, Q 3 and Q 4 groups as compared with the Q 1 group [Q 2 group: OR=0.50 (95% CI: 0.30-0.85) and OR=0.36 (95% CI: 0.26-0.51); Q 3 group: OR=0.31 (95% CI: 0.18-0.55) and OR=0.20 (95% CI: 0.14-0.29); Q 4 group: OR=0.22 (95% CI: 0.12-0.42) and OR=0.17 (95% CI: 0.12-0.26)]. Conclusion:Breast milk intake accounting for over 50% of total milk intake has a positive impact on reducing DOT in premature infants requiring antibiotics, which suggests that breastfeeding should be actively encouraged.

Objective To compare the impact of permissive underfeeding versus standard enteral feeding on outcomes in critical patients requiring mechanical ventilation (MV). Methods A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted. Eighty-two patients requiring MV admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) of Anji People's Hospital from January 2015 to March 2017 were enrolled, and they were randomly divided into the permissive underfeeding group (n = 40, non-protein heat was 52.3-62.8 kJ·kg-1·d-1, protein was 1.2-1.5 g·kg-1·d-1) and standard enteral feeding group (n = 42, non-protein heat was 104.6-125.5 kJ·kg-1·d-1, protein was 1.2-1.5 g·kg-1·d-1). Permissive underfeeding group received 50% of their daily energy expenditure via enteral nutrition (EN) and standard enteral feeding group received 100% of their daily energy expenditure via EN in 24-48 hours after admitted to ICU. Nutritional status [pro-albumin (PA), serum albumin (ALB)], inflammation state [procalcitonin (PCT), hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)] were detected before treatment and 7 days after treatment. Duration of MV, length of ICU stay, daily insulin dosage, 28-day mortality, hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP), urinary tract infection, septic shock and other secondary infection, and the nutrition related complications were recorded. Results Compared with before treatment, the levels of serum PA (mg/L) and ALB (g/L) were significantly increased, the levels of PCT (ng/L) and hs-CRP (mg/L) were significantly decreased at 7 days after treatment in both groups [permissive underfeeding group: PA was 127.42±65.83 vs. 80.92±60.14, ALB was 30.16±4.32 vs. 25.36±6.21, PCT was 375.8±227.2 vs. 762.3±314.5, hs-CRP was 32.19±7.53 vs. 120.48±60.24; standard enteral feeding group: PA was 132.56±61.32 vs. 86.78±47.06, ALB was 31.25±4.63 vs. 26.71±5.48, PCT was 412.1±323.4 vs. 821.7±408.6, hs-CRP was 35.86±5.69 vs. 116.38±72.16, all 1 < 0.05], but there was no significant difference in PA, ALB, PCT or hs-CRP at 7 days after treatment between two groups (all 1 > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the duration of MV, length of ICU stay, 28-day mortality or ICU-associated infection between two groups [duration of MV (hours): 162.35±20.37 vs. 153.48±18.65, length of ICU stay (days): 7.52±1.61 vs. 6.34±1.87, 28-day mortality: 17.5% vs. 19.0%, ICU-associated infection: 45.0% vs. 47.6%, all 1 > 0.05]. Compared with standard enteral feeding, insulin demand was significantly decreased (U/d: 13.68±10.36 vs. 26.24±18.53), and gastrointestinal intolerance was less frequent (32.5% vs. 54.8%) in the permissive underfeeding group (both 1 < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups (χ2= 3.216, 1 = 0.068). Conclusion The curative effect and prognosis of MV severe patients receiving permissive underfeeding are similar to those of standard enteral feeding, but it can reduce the dosage of insulin with better gastrointestinal tolerance.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the level and influential factors for out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditure regarding Hunan Provincial Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance (UEBMI) and to provide evidence for improvement of medical insurance payment system.
 METHODS: Stratified random sampling method was used to obtain 10 527 records of cancer inpatients from January 2011 to December 2014. Social demographic and expenditure information were collected from UEBMI information system. The proportion of OOP expenditure for inpatient and each part of the cost was described. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze main related factors of OOP expenditure.
 RESULTS: The median proportion of OOP for inpatients costs was 20.11%, and remained stable from 2011 to 2014. The main related factors for OOP expenditure were age, civil servant, retirment status, hospital level, cost of hospitalization, hospitalization duration, medicine cost, proportion of general medical service charges, treatment cost, expenses of examination and laboratory test, and cancer type.
 CONCLUSION OOP expenditure among UEBMI cancer inpatients was under control and stable. The level can well reflect the policy preferences. It could be further improved through the control of related factors, particularly the hospital level.
Health Care Costs ; Health Expenditures ; Hospitalization ; economics ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Neoplasms ; economics

Objective To investigate optimum dose of anesthesia in pediatric axillary brachial plexus branch block under ultrasound-guided. Methods Forty-eight children from May 2012 to May 2013 in hand surgery of our hospital,whose age was from 6 to 12 years,were randomly divided into four groups, each group has 12 cases. The doses of Ropivacaine were different in different groups. Group A was 0. 25 mL/kg,group B was 0. 2 mL/kg,group C was 0. 15 mL/kg,group D was 0. 10 mL/kg. And Ketamine was added to the treatment ac-cording to the incidence of anesthesia intraoperative. Evaluating the effect of anesthesia according to the situation of nerve block,observing an-esthesia duration time,dosage of anesthesia and rates of complications. Results The blocking effect of group A,B and C in each nerve area was correspond after 30 min,and anesthesia efficiency was higher than group D,but additional rate was lower than group D,the differences were statistically significant (P<0. 05). The block time in group D was shorter than the other groups,and the dose of Ketamine was most, and the block onset,perfect time were longer than the other groups (P<0. 05). But the differences between group A,B,C were not signifi-cant. Two cases in group D converted to general anesthesia. Four groups did not occur complication related narcotic drug. Conclusion In pediatric brachial plexus block used Ropivacaine under ultrasound-guided would get complete branch block,the exact effect of anesthesia, smaller dosage of local anesthesia. When the dosage of Ropivacaine was 0. 15 mL/kg could achieve a better anesthesia effect.

Anything in the universe can be explained by Yin-yang theory of Chinese medicine. Synaptic connections in the central nervous system also embody a balance between Yin and Yang. To discover the synaptic processes of gathering,storing and retrieving information in the brain is a hotspot field of modem neuroscience. This paper attempts to analyze the synaptic connection in both structure and function from Yin-Yang theory. The connections of axons and dendrites between neurons arc malleable and constantly changing, showing a Yin-Yang balance anatomically. Remodeling, stabilization and plasticity changes of synaptic processes also embody the relationship of contradictions, conflicts and transformation of Yin-Yang functionally. Therefore, it is possible to achieve an unexpected result to solve some modem medical problems by using the thoughts and methods of Chinese medicine.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of partial inferior turbinectomy in treating inferior nasal meatus epistaxis. METHOD: Twenty one case of inferior nasal meatus epistaxis were subjected to submucoperiosteous partial inferior turbinectomy and nasal cavity plugging under nasal endoscopy Its effect were analyzed. RESULT: All patients cured and discharged after 3-7 days. After 2 months to 3 years of follow up, no recurrence were seen. CONCLUSION Submucoperiosteous partial inferior turbinectomy under nasal endoscopy is an effective and reliable method in treating inferior nasal meatus epistaxis.
Adult ; Endoscopy ; Epistaxis ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Turbinates ; surgery

Objective To investigate the imaging and biodistribution of 99Tcm labeled peptide ( phage-SHSWHWLPNLRHYAS) high-binding VEGF receptor 3 in nude mice with ovarian cancer. Methods We used NHS-MAG3 as the bifunctional chelating agent and synthesized the peptide above. It was completed with pre-stannous direct labeling by 99Tcm and then the labeling efficiency was determined by paper chromatography. The tumor bearing mice were injected via tail veins with radiolabeled peptide. The tumors were imaged with single photon emission computed tomography ( SPECT) . We measured and calculated the biodistribution of the radiolabeled peptide. Results The labeled rate was 95. 27% and the radiochemical purity was 96% . Under a SPECT apparatus,we observed tumor location image at 1 h post injection and the tumor images was the clearest at 3 h post injection,with the injected dose per gram of tissue ( % ID/g) of ( 30. 20 ? 6. 89) at the tumor sites. The tumor/muscle ratio was 13. 13. Conclusion Our peptide can accumulate in the tumor masses. It is hopeful to be used as an ovarian cancer targeting vector for diagnosis and therapy of the cancer.

By applying advanced technique such as cytological CT the action of 926, a Chinese drug, on ascitis cervical cancer cells was observed. Results revealed that it destroys the DNA and RNA of cancer cell, prevent it from synthesis of nucleic acid and cellular proliferation. These has upgraded the experimental research to a new level.

Nineteen cases of cardiac myxoma were studied immunohistochemically in order to elucidate the histogenesis of the tumor.It was found that the blood vessels and the stromal cells of all the tumors were positive to vimentin.the matured endothelial cells of blood vessels were positive to UEA.the stromal cells and the smooth muscle cells of blood vessels of a part of the tumors were positive or weak-positive to desmin or myosin.a part of the tumor cells of several myxomas were weak-positive or positive to S-100 protein,and the epithelial markers of AE1 and AE3 were negative in all the cardiac myxomas.Our study revealed that there were various kinds of mesenchymal cells in cardiac myxomas and they might originate from multipotential primeval mesenchymal tissues.The difference of im-munohistochemical reactions of tumor cells reflects the difference of the maturity and differentiation of the tumor tissues.The histopathology and histochemistry of cardiac myxoma were also observed and analyzed.