Objective:To analyze the clinical features of postpartum hepatitis flares in pregnant women with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted. Patients who met the enrollment criteria were included. Liver function and HBV virology tests were collected from pregnant women with chronic HBV infection at delivery, 6, 24, 36, and 48 weeks after delivery through the hospital information and test system. Additionally, antiviral therapy types and drug withdrawal times were collected. Statistical analysis was performed on all the resulting data.Results:A total of 533 pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria were included, with all patients aged (29.5±3.7) years old. A total of 408 cases received antiviral drugs during pregnancy to interrupt mother-to-child transmission. There was no significant difference in the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT, z ?=?-1.981, P ?=?0.048), aspartate aminotransferase (AST, z ?=?-3.956, P ?

Objective:To explore the anti-inflammatory effect of pomegranate peel polyphenols on a rat auriclular model of acne and its mechanism of action.Methods:Totally, 36 specific-pathogen-free SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: blank group, model group, low-, medium- and high-dose pomegranate peel polyphenol groups and positive control group. In all groups except the blank group, 0.5 ml of 100% oleic acid was applied to the openings of bilateral auricular ducts once a day for 3 consecutive weeks, followed by subcutaneous injections of 50 μl of Propionibacterium acnes suspension at the oleic acid-applied sites once a day for 3 consecutive days, so as to establish a rat auriclular model of acne. After the model was confirmed to be successfully established by naked eyes, the low-, medium-, high-dose pomegranate peel polyphenol groups were topically treated with 0.5 mg of 1.4%, 2.8%, 5.6% (mass fraction) pomegranate peel polyphenol ointment respectively, the positive control group was topically treated with 0.5 mg of clindamycin hydrochloride gel, and the blank group and model group were topically treated with the same amount of distilled water. All the topical treatments were performed twice a day for 2 consecutive weeks. Twenty-four hours after the last topical treatment, abdominal aortic blood samples were collected, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was conducted to detect the serum level of interleukin 17 (IL-17) in rats; rat auricular tissues were resected, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was performed to observe histopathological changes of the skin tissues in each group, and immunohistochemical study to determine the expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) , hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) , and retinoic acid-related orphan receptor-γt (RORγt) in local tissues. Data meeting the assumptions of homogeneity of variances were analyzed by using one-way analysis of variance, and those that did not meet the assumptions of homogeneity of variances were analyzed by using Kruskal-Wallis H test; multiple comparisons were performed by using least significant difference- t test. Results:Compared with the model group, the pomegranate peel polyphenol groups and positive control group showed marked improvement in cysts, desquamation, crusts and epidermal keratinization, and reduced infiltration with inflammatory factors in the dermis at the modeling site. The serum level of IL-17 was significantly lower in the low-, medium- and high-dose pomegranate peel polyphenol groups (61.03 ± 5.99 ng/L, 55.35 ± 2.24 ng/L, 54.35 ± 4.29 ng/L, respectively) , positive control group (48.11 ± 4.07 ng/L) and blank group (42.10 ± 5.62 ng/L) than in the model group (70.24 ± 3.30 ng/L; t = 3.12, 5.34, 5.70, 8.29, 10.54, respectively, all P<0.05) . Immunohistochemical study revealed that the HIF-1α expression level was significantly lower in the low-, medium- and high-dose pomegranate peel polyphenol groups (0.29 ± 0.05, 0.29 ± 0.03, 0.33 ± 0.02, respectively) and positive control group (0.30 ± 0.01) than in the model group (0.41 ± 0.04; t = 4.89, 5.50, 3.62, 5.21, respectively, all P<0.05) ; the RORγt expression level was significantly lower in the low- and high-dose pomegranate peel polyphenol groups (0.28 ± 0.02, 0.31 ± 0.04, respectively) than in the model group (0.35 ± 0.02, t = 3.68, 2.18, respectively, both P<0.05) ; there was no significant difference in the mTOR expression level among these groups ( P = 0.119) . Conclusion:Pomegranate peel polyphenols could improve inflammatory reactions in the rat auriclular model of acne, which may be related to the down-regulation of HIF-1α/RORγt signaling pathway.

Objective:To study the predictors of postpartum hepatitis in pregnant women with chronic HBV infection.Methods:In this retrospective study, liver function and hepatitis B virology tests of pregnant women with chronic HBV infection at delivery and within 48 weeks were collected from the clinical medical system after the enrollment of eligible patients. Statistical analysis was performed on the obtained data.Results:A total of 533 pregnant women meeting the criteria were enrolled, and the average age of all patients was 29.5±3.7. A total of 408 pregnant women took antiviral drugs during pregnancy for prevention of mother-to-child transmission; 231 patients developed hepatitis within 1 year after delivery. There were significant differences in alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), HBV DNA during delivery, hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) during delivery and baseline HBeAg between patients with and without hepatitis. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis showed that HBeAg ( OR=0.19, 0.074-0.473; P<0.001), ALT ( OR=1.05, 1.021-1.071; P<0.001), albumin ( OR=0.91, 0.833-0.995; P=0.038), platelet ( OR=0.995, 0.992-0.999; P=0.01), neutrophils ( OR=0.98, 0.973-0.995; P=0.004) had significant difference. Conclusions:Baseline HBeAg and ALT are powerful predictors of postpartum hepatitis in pregnant women with chronic HBV infection.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of pomegranate peel polyphenols on sebum secretion in golden hamsters, and to explore its possible mechanisms.Methods:Thirty golden hamsters were randomly and equally divided into 5 groups: (ointment) vehicle group, 0.48%-, 0.96%-, 1.92%-pomegranate peel polyphenol ointment groups, and retinoic acid cream group. Corresponding cream or ointments were applied to bilateral sebaceous gland spots of the golden hamsters at a dose of 1 gram twice a day for 4 consecutive weeks. The area of bilateral sebaceous gland spots was measured on days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 after the start of treatment, which was calculated by the maximum longitudinal diameter multiplied by the maximum transverse diameter. Twenty-four hours after the last treatment, immunohistochemical study was conducted to determine the expression of AKT/Sox9 signaling pathway in sebaceous gland spots resected from the golden hamsters. The area of sebaceous gland spots in these groups at different time points was compared by repeated measures analysis of variance, and other data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance or Kruskal-Wallis H test. Results:The area of sebaceous gland spots was significantly smaller in the 0.96%-, 1.92%-pomegranate peel polyphenol ointment groups (50.48±2.41 mm 2, 48.24±2.56 mm 2, respectively) and retinoic acid cream group (48.31±2.76 mm 2) than in the vehicle group (57.99±3.29 mm 2; t=2.69, 3.98, 3.65, P=0.012, 0.001, 0.001, respectively) . Sox9 expression was significantly lower in the 1.92%-pomegranate peel polyphenol ointment group (0.39±0.04) and retinoic acid cream group (0.38±0.03) than in the vehicle group (0.44±0.02, P=0.040) . However, there was no significant difference in AKT expression among the 5 groups ( F=1.645, P=0.199) . Conclusion:Pomegranate peel polyphenols can reduce the sebaceous gland spot area and inhibit sebum secretion in golden hamsters, which may be related to the inhibition of Sox9 expression.

Acne is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis of pilosebaceous units. Increased sebum content is the precondition of acne occurrence, and changes of sebum components promote inflammatory reactions in acne. Imbalance of sebum homeostasis is one of the key factors for acne occurrence. Due to the complex composition and diverse structure of sebum, it is difficult to analyze all lipid compounds in sebum by using a single experimental method. Lipidomics can be used to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze hundreds of lipids with different properties and biological activities, which provides a potential insight into the role of sebum in the pathogenesis of acne. This review summarizes application of lipidomics in the analysis of sebum in acne patients.

Objective: To investigate the role of HBsAg status and content in neonatal venous blood to predict HBV mother-to-children transmission. Methods: The study candidates from a prospective study about HBV mother-to-children transmission blocking who were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity, hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positivity, and HBV DNA levels >10⁵ IU/ml.All of their infants were enrolled.200 IU of hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG)was injected within 6 hours after birth, and 200 IU HBIG was voluntarily selected 1 month after birth.All infants according to 0-1-6 month standard procedure were given 10 or 20 μg of hepatitis B vaccine. Pregnancy women before birth, and infants at the time of birth, 1-month and 7-month after birth, venous blood was tested for HBV virus and serological markers to assess the association with success of mother-to-children transmission blocking. Results: 530 pregnant women and 530 neonates were enrolled. 60.75% at birth and 86.02% at birth for one month children were HBsAg-negative. The successful transmission in HBsAg-negative neonates was 100.00%. According to the receiver operating characteristic curve, the AUC of HBsAg content≥0.35 IU/ml at birth predicted to block failure was 0.979. The sensitivity was 85.60%, and the specificity was 100.00%. The AUC of HBsAg content≥0.18 IU/ ml at one month after birth predicted to block failure was 0.988, the sensitivity was 89.40%, and the specificity was 100.00%. Conclusions The HBsAg level in venous blood at birth and 1 month after birth can predict the failure of HBV mother-to-children transmission, and the neonates with HBsAg positivity in venous blood are a high-risk group that may block failure.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of compound Lactobacillus acidophilus tablets or Saccharomyces boulardii Sachets combined with standard protocols for eradication of Helicobacter pylori(Hp) in children. Methods: From March 2017 to March 2018, 120 children aged 3-10 years with Hp infection were admitted into the Department of Gastroenterology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, including 67 male and 53 female childen.They were divided into 3 groups (control group, compound Lactobacillus acidophilus group, Saccharomyces boulardii Sachets group) by the method of random number table.Control group was given Clarithromycin+ Amoxicillin+ Omeprazole, for 14 days orally; compound Lactobacillus acidophilus group and Saccharomyces boulardii Sachets group were given drugs respectively on the first day, 500 mg of compound Lactobacillus acidophilus was added, twice a day or 250 mg of Saccharomyces boulardii Sachets group, twice a day orally, for 14 days, respectively.The adverse reactions in children were observed during the treatment, andurea ¹³C breath test or the stool Hp antigen test was performed at least 4 weeks by the end of the treatment, and the children with negative results were judged to be eradicated successfully.The ulcer healing, Hp eradication rate and incidence of adverse reactions(nausesa, vomiting, loss of appetite, constipation, diarrhea) among the 3 groups were observed and the Hp eradication rate and the incidence of adverse reactions (nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, constipation, diarrhea) were compared. Results: The eradication rates in the control group, the compound Lactobacillus group, and Saccharomyces boulardii Sachets group were 80.0% (32/40 cases), 85.0% (34/40 cases), and 87.5% (35/40 cases), respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.646); the ulcer healing rate was 100.0% of 101 Hp eradicators in 3 groups, and the ulcer healing rate of 19 cases without Hp eradicated was 48.15%, and there was a significant difference between them (χ²=51.30, P<0.01). However, there was no significant difference in the total effective rate among 3 groups (P>0.05). The overall incidence of adverse reactions in Saccharomyces boulardii Sachets group (P=0.021) and the incidence of diarrhea (P=0.002) and loss of appetite (P=0.021) was lower than that in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant.There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two probiotic groups (P>0.05). Conclusions Both compound Lactobacillus acidophilus tablets and Saccharomyces boulardii Sachets group can reduce the overall incidence of adverse reactions and the incidence of diarrhea and appetite declines in children′s standard Hp eradication regimen without affecting Hp eradication rate.

OBJECTIVE To explore the auditory outcomes and prognostic factors in ossiculoplasty using autogenous ossicles. METHODS A retrospective review was performed in 126 patients with cholesteatoma or chronic otitis media, who admitted to the Department of Otolaryngology in Jingzhou hospital affiliated to Tongji medical college from January 2014 to July 2016, and underwent canal wall-down tympanoplasty (CWDT) with ossiculoplasty using autogenous ossicles in a single stage. The postoperative complication and hearing thresholds were analyzed after 12 months' follow-up. RESULTS The rate of dry ear was 96.5％. We had not found any extrusion of prosthesis. There was no one with postoperative retraction pocket or recurrence of cholestatoma during the follow-up. Auditory outcomes showed air conduction threshold improved from (52.7±7.4)dB to (39.0±9.1)dB after operation, while the air-bone gaps improved from(27.4±6.9)dB to (20.8±6.2)dB. Postoperative outcomes were considered successful, if the postoperative air-bone gap was <20 dB. The successful hearing was achieved in 88 patients (69.8％). Prognostic factors were analyzed using multivariate analysis with logistic regression. And we found the presence of the stapes and the malleus handle was significantly favorable predictive factors. All the patients recovered well without severe complication. CONCLUSION Autogenous ossicles is very valuable in ossiculoplasty. The present stapes and malleus handle are important factors for the auditory outcomes in ossiculoplasty.

Background:Inflammatory bowel disease( IBD)is a group of chronic and non-specific intestinal inflammatory diseases of undetermined origin. Functional impairment of macrophages has been associated with the dysregulation of mucosal immunity in intestinal tract of patients with IBD. Aims:To investigate the correlation of serum levels of macrophage polarization-related cytokines with the development and disease activity of IBD. Methods:A total of 105 IBD patients admitted from May 2013 to May 2014 at Shanghai Ruijin Hospital were recruited,of them 65 were Crohn’s disease (CD)and 40 were ulcerative colitis( UC). Twenty-four patients with colonic polyps were served as controls. Serum samples were obtained and the levels of interleukin-1beta(IL-1β),IL-6,IL-10,IL-13,interferon-gamma(IFN-γ)and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)were determined by ELISA method. Results:Serum levels of IL-1β,IL-6,IL-10, IL-13 and IFN-γ were significantly higher in CD group than in control group(P < 0. 05),and serum levels of IL-10,IL-13 and IFN-γ were significantly higher in UC group than in control group(P < 0. 05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that serum IL-13(OR = 1. 009,P = 0. 005)and iNOS( OR = 0. 982,P = 0. 013)were correlated with CD,while Spearman correlation coefficient demonstrated a link between serum IL-10 and disease activity of CD(rs = - 0. 432,P =0. 014). No correlations were observed between serum levels of these cytokines and development and disease activity of UC (P > 0. 05). Conclusions:Serum levels of macrophage polarization-related cytokines increase to varying degrees in IBD patients,but these cytokines have no obvious correlations with IBD and its disease activity. Presumably,theses cytokines are only involved in but not the triggers in the development of IBD.

Objective To observe the characteristics of vertical cast-off bloodstain pattern by different hitting-tools. Methods The regular hitting tools, a kitchen knife, a dirk, a plane set-hammer and an iron pipe, were selected. At a distance of 30 cmaway fromthe wall, the hitting tool with 5 mL fresh chick-en blood made the cast-off bloodstain fromtop to bottom. Then the holistic distribution characteristics ( length , width and density ) of cast-off bloodstain and morphology characteristics ( length , width and contact angle) of first single cast-off bloodstain were analyzed. Results The distribution length of cast-off bloodstain formed by dirk was minimum( P<0 .05 ) . The distribution width of cast-off bloodstain formed by kitchen knife was minimum(P<0.05). Except the pair of kitchen knife and plane set-hammer, the distribution density between each two tools had statistical differences (P<0.05). The length of first single cast-off bloodstain formed by plane set-hammer was longest compared (P<0.05). The width of first single cast-off bloodstain had statistical differences between kitchen knife and plane set-hammer, and between dirk and plane set-hammer (P<0.05). Conclusion The type of hitting tool could be inferred by the specific characteristics of cast-off bloodstain pattern formed by every specific type of hitting tool in crime scene.