Objective: To explore the core features of trait aggression in children and adolescents, so as to provide a theoretical basis for behavioral interventions targeting the central psychological characteristics of aggression in children and adolescents. Methods: From March to May 2020, a simple random convenience sampling method was employed to recruit 39 165 students from grades 4 to 12 in Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, and Shandong. Data were collected via online questionnaires, with all participants completing the Chinese Version of the Aggression Questionnaire. Psychometric network analysis was utilized for data processing. Results: Trait aggression among Chinese children and adolescents was at a moderately low level. The core nodes of the network structure included physical aggression [if someone intentionally causes trouble for me, I will hit them severely (AGG6); if someone hits me, I will retaliate (AGG11)] and self aggression [When I am very irritable, I think of hurting myself (AGG5); when I am in a bad mood, I engage in behaviors that harm my health, such as overeating (AGG25)]. Across grade levels, core nodes primarily originated from the anger dimension [When I m angry, I feel like a powder magazine that could explode at any moment (AGG13); I can t control my temper (AGG18); I am prone to getting angry when I see things that are not pleasing to the eye (AGG23); I will get angry for no reason (AGG27)]. Except for grades 7 and 9, core nodes in other grades included the verbal aggression dimension [I am prone to arguments with people (AGG22)]. Before grade 8, core nodes incorporated the self aggression dimension (AGG 5, AGG 25); after grade 8, core nodes included the physical aggression dimension [AGG 6, AGG 11, I fight slightly more than others (AGG16), and if people around me make things difficult for me to a certain extent, I will fight with them (AGG26)]. No statistically significant differences were found in the trait aggression network structures across grades, genders, or within gender comparisons of different grades. Conclusion These findings broaden our understanding of aggression in children and adolescents, suggesting that behavioral interventions can effectively reduce aggressive behaviors in this population.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on the cognitive function and quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease. MethodsRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) on tDCS for Parkinson's disease were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, CBM, VIP and Wanfang Data from the inception to September, 2023. Control group was administered standard Parkinson's medications or placebo, physical therapy, and cognitive rehabilitation, while treatment group received tDCS additionally. The quality of the researches was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Data synthesis and analysis were performed using RevMan 5.4 and Stata 17.0, with heterogeneity and sensitivity analyses. ResultsEight articles were included. tDCS significantly improved the scores of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MD = 2.00, 95%CI 1.13 to 2.87, P < 0.001). However, there was no significant difference in the scores of Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (MD = 0.73, 95%CI -5.78 to 7.23, P = 0.830), Beck Depression Inventory-Ⅱ(MD = -0.77, 95%CI -7.14 to 5.60, P = 0.810), and Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale-Ⅲ (MD = 1.60, 95%CI -0.77 to 3.97, P = 0.190). ConclusiontDCS may improve cognitive function of patients with Parkinson's disease.

Objective To compare the efficacy of TightRope loop plate and Endobutton plate in the treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocation.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 94 patients with acromioclavicular joint dislocation who were treated at this center from March 2021 to February 2023.They were divided into two groups based on different admission date.The Group E(n =47)received Endobutton plate treatment between March 2021 and February 2022,while the Group T(n =47)received TightRope loop plate treatment between March 2022 and February 2023.At the last follow-up,the perioperative indicators,Visual Analogue Scale(VAS),Constant-Murley shoulder joint function scores,and surgical complications were compared between the two groups.Results The surgical time,intraoperative bleeding,incision length,and VAS scores at 7 days after surgery in the Group T were shorter or lower than those in the Group E(P<0.05).There were no statistical differences in the incidence of perioperative nerve injury,internal fixation displacement,clavicle fracture,vascular injury,and infection between the two groups(P>0.05).The subjective and objective scores of Constant-Murley shoulder joint function in both groups at9 months after surgery showed significant improvement compared to preoperative scores(all P =0.000).There was no significant difference in the subjective and objective scores of Constant-Murley shoulder joint function between the two groups at 9 months after surgery(P>0.05).Conclusions The treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocation with TightRope loop plate ot or Endobutton plate has a significant effect and can effectively improve shoulder joint function.Compared with Endobutton plate,use of TightRope loop plate has minor surgical trauma,less bleeding,and significantly reduced postoperative pain,being more conducive to early functional exercise for patients.

Objective To study the efficacy of breathing training in the patients with chronic non-spe-cific low back pain (CNLBP).Methods The databases of Pubmed,Embase,Web of Science,Cochrane Librar-y,CNKI,China Biomedical Literature Database,Wanfang Database and VIP Database were searched for obtai-ning relevant trials of respiratory-related training for treating CNLBP.The retrieval time limit was from the database establishment to October 2022.The quality assessment was performed by using the Cochrane Manual for Systematic Reviews,and the data analysis was performed by using StataSE15.1 software.Results Nine-teen articles were finally obtained,involving in 1011 cases.The meta analysis showed that the visual analogue scale (VAS) score or pain numerical scale (NRS) score in the experiment group were lower than those in the control group (MD=-1.19,95％CI:-1.51 to-0.87,P<0.05),and the Oswestry dysfunction index (ODI) score was lower than that in the control group (MD=-0.64,95％CI:-0.91 to-0.38,P<0.05). For different types of the patients,the improvement effects of VAS score for different types of patients with CNLBP from high to low were in turn postpartum patients (MD=-1.89,95％CI:-2.51 to-1.27,P<0.05),athletes (MD=-1.46,95％CI:-1.79 to-1.13,P<0.05) and general population (MD=-1.01,95％CI:-1.40 to-0.61,P<0.05).Conclusion Thebreathing training has the improvement effect for pain,dysfunction,proprioception and posture control in various populations with CNLBP.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of high-intensity interval training(HIIT)on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced septic myocardial injury in mice and the roles of NLRP3 inflammasome and macrophage M1 polarization in the process.C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into 4 groups:control(CON)group,LPS(L)group,HIIT+saline injection(E)group,and HIIT+LPS(EL)group.Six weeks of HIIT intervention was followed by intraperitoneal injection of LPS,and cardiac function indexes were measured by echocardiography 12 hours post the injection.Hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining was used to evaluate the morphology and pathological characteristics of myocardium for assessing myocardial damage score;enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to test the content of myocardial damage indicators(AST,CK-MB,LDH);RT-PCR was used to detect the relative mRNA levels of NLRP3 inflammasome(NLRP3,Caspase-1),atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP),brain natriuretic peptide(BNP),myeloperoxidase(MPO)and macrophage M1-associated inflammasome factors(IL-1β,TNF-α,IL-6);Western blot was applied to measure the protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain(ASC)in cardiac tissues;immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the protein expression of NLRP3 inflammasome,ASC,IL-18 and iNOS.Compared with the CON group,mice in the LPS group showed obvious decrease in body weight,a significant decrease in EF and FS,a significant increase in LVESD and LVEDD,obvious pathological damage in myocardial tissue,a significant increase in myocardial damage fraction,a significant increase in serum myocardial damage indexes,and a significant increase in the expression levels of BNP,MPO,NLRP3 inflammasome,iNOS,IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α.HIIT treatment could reverse these changes mentioned above in model mice.In conclusion,6 weeks of HIIT inhibits the activation of LPS-induced NLRP3 inflammasome and suppressed macrophage M1-type polarization,thereby combating septic myocardial injury.

The prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases have always been a focus of attention in re-lated fields.This paper discusses the application and mechanism of exogenous and endogenous supplementation with β-hy-droxybutyrate in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial ischemia,myocardial infarc-tion,diabetic cardiomyopathy,hypertension,myocardial inflammation,hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and heart failure.Exogenous β-hydroxybutyrate supplementation can quickly and directly provide substitute energy for the heart and thus prevent and treat heart injury.The comprehensive effect of exogenous β-hydroxybutyrate supplementation is significantly better than that of endogenous β-hydroxybutyrate.Endogenous fatty acid,obtained through a ketogenic diet,needs to be oxidized to β-hydroxybutyrate in vivo for energy supply,which is greatly influenced by glucose and lipid metabolism under the conditions of the basic disease itself.At present,ketogenic diet is not recommended for use in the prevention and treat-ment of myocardial ischemia or myocardial infarction,and in the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy or hypertension.

Ketogenic diet can supplement blood ketone,provide energy for skeletal muscle,and affect the athletic performance and recovery of animals and humans after fatigue.In this paper,it was found that ketogenic diet transformed muscle fibers from Ⅱb to Ⅱa through axonal germination and nerve reinnervation,improved the quality and function of mitochondria of fast muscle and increased histone acetyltransferase to enhance skeletal muscle strength.Using ketone body to provide energy,it can reduce glycolysis and improve the ability of fatty acid oxidation in slow muscle to improve exercise endurance;It can reduce endoplasmic reticulum stress,oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction of skeletal muscle,protect the body from injury,reduce the consumption of muscle glycogen and the accumulation of lactic acid,reduce fatigue after exercise and promote recovery.It is considered that ketogenic diet has low negative effects on the body,can improve sports performance and accelerate fatigue recovery,and can be used as a diet scheme in competitive sports and rehabilitation training.

Glycolytic metabolism enzymes have been implicated in the immunometabolism field through changes in metabolic status. PGK1 is a catalytic enzyme in the glycolytic pathway. Here, we set up a high-throughput screen platform to identify PGK1 inhibitors. DC-PGKI is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of PGK1 with an affinity of K _d = 99.08 nmol/L. DC-PGKI stabilizes PGK1 in vitro and in vivo, and suppresses both glycolytic activity and the kinase function of PGK1. In addition, DC-PGKI unveils that PGK1 regulates production of IL-1β and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Mechanistically, inhibition of PGK1 with DC-PGKI results in NRF2 (nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2, NFE2L2) accumulation, then NRF2 translocates to the nucleus and binds to the proximity region of Il-1β and Il-6 genes, and inhibits LPS-induced expression of these genes. DC-PGKI ameliorates colitis in the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model. These data support PGK1 as a regulator of macrophages and suggest potential utility of PGK1 inhibitors in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.

Rotavirus (RV) is one of the main pathogens causing diarrhea in children under five years old, but the mechanism of RV-infected diarrhea is still unclear. The RV genome encodes six structural proteins (VP1-VP4, VP6 and VP7) and six non-structural proteins (NSP1-NSP6), among which NSP4 can interact with other non-structural proteins or structural proteins of RV to produce corresponding biological functions, and is a key factor in the formation of RV morphology, the process of infection and the pathogenesis of diarrhea. In this paper, the current domestic and foreign studies on the structure and function of NSP4 are reviewed.

Objective:To compare the differences in population distribution and prognosis of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in T staging of the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) 7th edition and UICC 8th edition, and to analyze the prognostic factors in patients with NPC.Methods:The clinicopathologic date of 184 patients with newly diagnosed NPC treated with IMRT at the Department of Radiation Oncology of Weifang People′s Hospital of Shandong Province from June 1, 2005 to December 31, 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were restaged according to the 7th and 8th edition of the UICC staging system. The distribution of T staging of patients in the two staging systems was analyzed, and the consistency of the two staging systems was compared using the Kappa consistency test. Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis, and log-rank test was used to compare the prognostic differences among T stages. Cox regression model was used to analyze the prognostic factors of patients with NPC.Results:Of all 184 patients with NPC, stage T 1, T 2, T 3 and T 4 respectively accounted for 18.5% (34/184), 16.8% (31/184), 15.2% (28/184) and 49.5% (91/184) according to the 7th edition UICC staging system. However, stage T 1, T 2, T 3 and T 4 respectively accounted for 18.5% (34/184), 34.2% (63/184), 30.4% (56/184) and 16.8% (31/184) according to the 8th edition UICC staging system. The T staging population distribution of the two staging systems showed moderate consistency (Kappa=0.58). There was a statistically significant difference in overall survival (OS) among patients with stage T 1, T 2, T 3, T 4 according to the 7th edition UICC staging system ( χ2=10.606, P=0.014). There were statistically significant differences in OS between stage T 1 and stage T 2, T 3, T 4 ( χ2=4.866, P=0.027; χ2=11.965, P=0.001; χ2=4.351, P=0.037). The OS curves of stage T 2 and T 4 could not be separated. Moreover, the OS curves of stage T 3 and T 4 were distributed in reverse order. There was a statistically significant difference in OS among patients with stage T 1, T 2, T 3, T 4 according to the 8th edition staging system ( χ2=8.663, P=0.034). There were statistically significant differences in OS between stage T 1 and stage T 3, T 4( χ2=8.746, P=0.003; χ2=7.580, P=0.006). The OS curves of stage T 1 to T 4 were distributed in order, but the curves of stage T 3 and T 4 could not be separated. There was a statistically significant difference in progression-free survival (PFS) among patients with stage T 1, T 2, T 3, T 4 according to the 7th edition UICC staging system ( χ2=11.289, P=0.010). There were statistically significant differences in PFS between stage T 1 and stage T 2, T 3, T 4 ( χ2=8.209, P=0.004; χ2=13.302, P<0.001; χ2=6.550, P=0.010). The PFS curves of stage T 2 and T 4 could not be separated. Moreover, the PFS curves of stage T 3 and T 4 were distributed in reverse order. There was a statistically significant difference in PFS among patients with stage T 1, T 2, T 3, T 4 according to the 8th edition staging system ( χ2=12.074, P=0.007). There were statistically significant differences in PFS between stage T 1 and stage T 2, T 3, T 4( χ2=5.182, P=0.023; χ2=11.217, P=0.001; χ2=10.174, P=0.001). The PFS curves of stage T 1 to T 4 were distributed in order, but the curves of stage T 3 and T 4 could not be separated. The results of Cox multivariate analysis showed that T staging of both staging systems were the independent prognostic factors of the OS ( P=0.013; P=0.026) and PFS ( P=0.031; P=0.012). However, T staging of the two editions were not the independent prognostic factors of the local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) ( P=0.351; P=0.167) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) ( P=0.059; P=0.052). The age was the independent prognostic factor of the OS ( HR=2.70, 95% CI: 1.53-4.76, P=0.001; HR=2.74, 95% CI: 1.55-4.84, P=0.001), PFS ( HR=2.72, 95% CI: 1.46-5.08, P=0.002; HR=2.94, 95% CI: 1.57-5.52, P=0.001), LRFS ( HR=5.87, 95% CI: 1.62-21.27, P=0.007; HR=6.02, 95% CI: 1.61-22.49, P=0.008) and DMFS ( HR=2.40, 95% CI: 1.22-4.72, P=0.011; HR=2.63, 95% CI: 1.34-5.18, P=0.005). N staging was the independent prognostic factor of the OS ( P=0.031; P=0.028). Conclusion:The T staging population distribution of the 7th and 8th edition UICC staging system had moderate consistency, and the T staging of the 8th edition is more advantageous in predicting the prognosis of OS and PFS. In both editions, T staging is an independent prognostic factor for OS and PFS.