Objective The occurrence of chickenpox in rapidly developing areas poses substantial seasonal risk to children.However,certain factors influencing local chickenpox outbreaks have not been studied.Here,we examined the relationship between spatial clustering,heterogeneity of chickenpox outbreaks,and socioeconomic factors in Southern China. Methods We assessed chickenpox outbreak data from Southern China between 2006 and 2021,comprising both relatively fast-growing parts and slower sub-regions,and provides a representative sample of many developing regions.We analyzed the spatial clustering attributes associated with chickenpox outbreaks using Moran's I and local indicators of spatial association and quantified their socioeconomic determinants using Geodetector q statistics. Results There were significant spatial heterogeneity in the risk of chickenpox outbreaks,with strong correlations between chickenpox risk and various factors,particularly demographics and living environment.Furthermore,interactive effects among specific are factors,such as population density and per capita residential building area,percentage of households with toilets,percentage of rental housing,exhibited q statistics of 0.28,0.25,and 0.24,respectively. Conclusion This study provides valuable insights into the spatial dynamics of chickenpox outbreaks in rapidly developing regions,revealing the socioeconomic factors affecting disease transmission.These implications extend the formulation of effective public health strategies and interventions to prevent and control chickenpox outbreaks in similar global contexts.

Objective:To explore the application of effect of healthcare failure mode and effect analysis (HFMEA) in emergency waiting risk management.Methods:From May 2020 to April 2021, totally 87 902 emergency waiting patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University were assigned to control group by cluster sampling method. From May 2021 to April 2022, 80 594 emergency waiting patients were assigned to observed group. The patients in the control group received routine emergency waiting of itinerant management mode. In contrast, the patients in the observed group received emergency waiting risk management mode based on HFMEA. The process risk priority number (RPN) and waiting risk management index between two groups were compared.Results:The mean RPN of the observed group was (98.48 ± 8.27) points, significantly lower than that of the control group (251.27 ± 16.95) points. The nurses′ pre-identification rates of changes in the condition and adverse reaction in the observed group were 10.77%(8680/80 594) and 13.37%(10 775/80 594), which were higher than those in the control group, 5.77%(5072/87 902) and 8.12%(7134/87 902), the differences were statistically significant ( χ2 values were 1402.32 and 1221.66, all P<0.05). Conclusions:The application of HFMEA to optimize the emergency waiting management process can effectively reduce the risk of emergency waiting and improve the quality of emergency waiting management.

Objective:To understand the epidemiological characteristics of public health emergency events (PHEE) of varicella in China from 2006 to 2021 and related response performances.Methods:The data of varicella PHEE in 31 provinces of China from 2006 to 2021 were collected through the Public Health Emergency Management Information System, Microsoft Excel 2019 software and SPSS 26.0 statistical software were used to conduct descriptive epidemiological, statistical analysis on the time, area, location distribution, scale and epidemic management.Results:A total of 11 443 PHEE involving 341 048 related cases were reported from 2006 to 2021, with an annual attack rate of 1.78%-3.80% and a total attack rate of 2.33% (341 048/14 624 042). The number of PHEE and related cases of varicella decreased from 1 107 (35 349) in 2007 to 262 (6 884) in 2012 ( Z=-2.40, P<0.001), then increased year by year to 1 318 (42 649) in 2019 ( Z=2.58, P<0.001), with a significant decline since 2020. The varicella PHEE in China presents the seasonal characteristics,the peak is from April to June and from October to December, respectively. The sub-peak of varicella PHEE in eastern China generally appears 1-2 months earlier than in central and western China. Varicella PHEE reports are mainly distributed in eastern China, the attack rate is relatively high in western China, school-reported varicella PHEE was 88.26% of the total reports (10 099/11 443). The epidemic scale of varrcella PHEE typically range from 10 to 29 cases per year among the given outbreaks. The M ( Q1, Q3) of average number of cases, average duration, and average reporting interval of PHEE were 23 (16,35), 20 (14, 26) days, and 9 (5,19) days, respectively, and the reporting interval was positively correlated with the duration ( r=0.854, P<0.001). Conclusions:The varicella PHEE in China from 2006 to 2021 has not been effectively controlled. Schools are the key places to prevent and control varicella PHEE. Improving the sensitivity of varicella PHEE monitoring, strengthening the timely disposal of varicella epidemic, and promoting varicella vaccination are effective measures to prevent and control varicella PHEE.

Lymphoplasmapheresis(LPE) is a combination of plasma exchange and lymphocyte separation technology. It can not only remove autoimmune antibodies, but also remove the immune active cells producing these antibodies. At the same time, it can inhibit cellular and humoral immune responses, and improve the efficiency and reliability of treatment. This technology is safe, reliable, and easy to operate. In recent years, it has been widely used in the treatment of various autoimmune diseases and the suppression of immune rejection after organ transplantation, especially in the treatment of critically ill patients. This paper summarizes the clinical application status of LPE in immune-related diseases at home and abroad, analyzes the problems existing in the clinical promotion of LPE, and makes a prospect of its application value.

Dental pulp can initiate its damage repair after an injury of the pulp-dentin complex by rearrangement of odontoblasts and formation of newly differentiated odontoblast-like cells. Connexin 43 (Cx43) is one of the gap junction proteins that participates in multiple tissue repair processes. However, the role of Cx43 in the repair of the dental pulp remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the function of Cx43 in the odontoblast arrangement patterns and odontoblastic differentiation. Human teeth for in vitro experiments were acquired, and a pulp injury model in Sprague-Dawley rats was used for in vivo analysis. The odontoblast arrangement pattern and the expression of Cx43 and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) were assessed. To investigate the function of Cx43 in odontoblastic differentiation, we overexpressed or inhibited Cx43. The results indicated that polarized odontoblasts were arranged along the pulp-dentin interface and had high levels of Cx43 expression in the healthy teeth; however, the odontoblast arrangement pattern was slightly changed concomitant to an increase in the Cx43 expression in the carious teeth. Regularly arranged odontoblast-like cells had high levels of the Cx43 expression during the formation of mature dentin, but the odontoblast-like cells were not regularly arranged beneath immature osteodentin in the pulp injury models. Subsequent in vitro experiments demonstrated that Cx43 is upregulated during odontoblastic differentiation of the dental pulp cells, and inhibition or overexpression of Cx43 influence the odontoblastic differentiation. Thus, Cx43 may be involved in the maintenance of odontoblast arrangement patterns, and influence the pulp repair outcomes by the regulation of odontoblastic differentiation.
Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Connexin 43 ; Dental Pulp ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins ; Odontoblasts ; Phosphoproteins ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To collect the serum samples of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and to investigate the changes in serum metabolic biomarkers before and after lifestyle intervention. Methods A total of 23 patients who were diagnosed with NAFLD in Department of Gastroenterology and Inpatient Department, Putuo District Central Hospital of Shanghai, from January 2019 to January 2020 were enrolled, and all patients received the intervention with aerobic exercise and equicaloric low-carbohydrate high-protein diet. A total of 13 healthy volunteers who underwent physical examination in Physical Examination Center were enrolled as control group. For the patients with NAFLD, basic information was collected before and after intervention, blood samples were collected twice to measure liver function, blood glucose, and blood lipids, and part of serum was used for serum metabolomics analysis. The serum samples were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry. The data collected were processed in Compound Discover, and then principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis were used to establish the profile of differentially expressed blood metabolites between patients and healthy people and perform the enrichment analysis of differentially expressed metabolic pathways. The independent samples t -test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups, and the Wilcoxon non-parametric test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between two groups. Results After lifestyle intervention, the patients had significant reductions in body mass index ( P < 0.01), body weight ( P < 0.01), and serum biochemical parameters alkaline phosphatase, albumin, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and alanine aminotransferase (all P < 0.05), as well as a significant reduction in total protein ( P < 0.01), while there were no significant improvements in cholinesterase, aspartate aminotransferase, and glucose. As for the four items for blood lipids, there was a significant reduction in triglyceride ( P < 0.01), while there were no significant improvements in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and total cholesterol. The metabolomics analysis showed that 33 serum metabolites changed significantly after lifestyle intervention. In addition, PCA results showed that after intervention, the level of metabolites in patients tended to be normal. The signaling pathway analysis showed that exercise and diet mainly affected the pathways of bile acid, unsaturated fatty acid synthesis, and phenylalanine metabolism. Conclusion Lifestyle intervention can achieve varying degrees of reduction in the body weight of patients with NAFLD, improve serum biochemical parameters, and regulate the abnormal metabolic pathway in patients with NAFLD, which has important clinical value and significance for guiding clinicians to formulate reasonable diet and exercise strategies for patients with NAFLD and prevent the progression of NAFLD.

Interleukin(IL)-1β, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, was elevated and participates in periodontitis. Not only the link between IL-1β and periodontitis was proved by clinical evidence, but also the increased IL-1β triggers a series of inflammatory reactions and promotes bone resorption. Currently, IL-1β blockage has been therapeutic strategies for autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes, gout and type II diabetes mellitus. It is speculated that IL-1β be a potential therapeutic target for periodontitis. The review focuses on the production, mechanism, present treatments and future potential strategies for IL-1β in periodontitis.

Objective To evaluate the preventive effect of a high loading dose of Rosuvastatin on contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN )after PCI in high-risk patients. Methods A total of 199 patients with diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease (CKD)(45< GFR<90 ml · min-1 · 1.73 m -2 )scheduled for PCI were included and randomized into two groups ,one group receiving a high loading dose of rosuvastatin(20 mg Rosuvastatin in 3 days before and after PCI ,Rosuvastatin Group-RG)and the other one (Control-Group-CG)receiving 10 mg/d Rosuvastatin.Serum samples were collected at baseline ,48 and 72 hours after PCI for testing of creatinine ,C-reactive protein (CRP ) , interleukin-6(IL-6) ,and malondialdehyde(MDA). Results Post-PCI levels of CRP ,IL-6 ,and MDA in the RG were significantly lower than in the CG [(10.44 ± 3.82 )mg/L vs. (12.62 ± 3.68) mg/L , (14.66 ± 3.61 )ng/L vs. (16.41 ± 4.73 )ng/L ,(7.2 ± 2.2) mmol/L vs. (8.6 ± 1.5) mmol/L ,P=0.000 ,0.004 ,and 0.000 ,respectively].The levels of creatinine after PCI in both groups were found to be higher than baseline levels ,while the increase in the RG was smaller than in the CG [(10 ± 10)μmol/L vs. (15 ± 15)μmol/L ,P=0.007]. The incidence of CIN in the RG was lower than in the CG (8.2％ vs.19.8％ ,χ2 = 5.573 ,P= 0.018). Conclusions High-dose Rosuvastatin treatment can reduce the incidence of CIN in high-risk patients undergoing PCI.

OBJECTIVETo determine the function of twin-arginine translocation system (Tat) and gene cluster in Vibrio strains and to analyze the homology of tat gene cluster among different Vibrio spp. strains based on N16961 and tatABC mutant strains N169-dtat.

METHODSDifferent serotypes of biotype strains of Vibrio spp. were selected to detect the transcription of 4 genes of Tat transport system and upstream ubi aarF gene and downstream cyt551 gene by the total RNA reverse transcription and homologicity of the gene cluster by sequencing analysis.

RESULTSOur results showed that the 4 genes of tat cluster (tatA, tatB, tatC, and tatE) were intragenic and co-transcribed. We found that ubi aarF gene could be co-transcribed with tatA, tatB, but not with tatC. The electron transport chain and energy metabolism-related genes, cytochrome C551 peroxidase gene, and 4 genes located at upstream of tatABC operon were not transcribed with tatABC. Although the co-transcription between ubi aarF and tatAB was blocked in N169-dtat strain, they were still transcribed separately. Homologous analysis of genes of tat cluster in different types of Vibrio cholerae showed that tat gene cluster was a very conservative.

CONCLUSIONThe ubi and aarF gene might be co-transcribed with genes of tat cluster in Vibrio cholerae, which and the close relationship showed that they might play a key function in Vibrio cholerae.

Objective To investigate the effect of general anesthesia on pregnancy women with thrombocytopenia and neonate during cesarean section(CS). Methods Sixty-five singleton pregnant women with low platelet count (<50×10~9/L) and gestation >35 weeks were allocated into general anesthesia group (35 cases) and local anesthesia group (30 cases) randomly. The time from skin incision to fetal delivery, the oxyhemoglobin saturation(SO_2) before and after anesthesia, the blood loss during operation, Apgar scores at 1 min, birth weight, umbilical cord blood gas analysis were recorded. Results The mean time from anesthesia induction to fetal delivery was (9.7±3.5) minutes in general anesthesia group. The time from skin incision to fetal delivery in general anesthesia group [(7.7±2.5) minutes] was shorter than that in local anesthesia group [(12.5±3.0) minutes, P<0.01], while the operation time had no significant differences. There were no significant difference for the value of SO_2 before and after general anesthesia or local anesthesia(P>0.05). There was no significant difference for the blood loss [(471±245)ml vs. (452±213 )ml, P>0.05], Apgar scores at 1 minute, birth weight and umbilical cord blood gas analysis between the two groups (P>0.05). There had two infants with blue asphyxia in local anesthesia group while no infant with asphyxia in general anesthesia group. Conclusion General anesthesia is safe to pregnant women with thrombocytopenia during CS.