Recent years have witnessed significant advancements in myopia control research through the application of diffuse optical technology(DOT)spectacle lenses. Myopia has emerged as a global public health challenge, affecting nearly half of the world's population, with childhood and adolescent myopia rates continuing to rise. DOT lenses represent an innovative myopia control intervention based on retinal contrast signal theory. These lenses incorporate micro-light scattering dots distributed across the lens surface to reduce retinal imaging contrast and modulate the influence of visual input on axial elongation, thereby slowing myopia progression. The core mechanism operates through refractive index differences between the lens substrate(1.53)and scattering dots(1.50), which generate optical scattering effects. This design maintains clear vision through a central 5 mm optical zone while effectively reducing contrast signal intensity in the peripheral retina. Large-scale randomized controlled trials, including the CYPRESS study, have demonstrated significant myopia control efficacy in children aged 6-10 years: 12-month follow-up data revealed a 74% reduction in myopia progression and a 50% reduction in axial elongation, with sustained safety and visual quality maintained over 4-year long-term follow-up. However, several aspects of DOT technology remain contentious and require further clinical validation, including its applicability across different age groups, optimal scattering dot density configurations, combined application effects with other myopia control methods, and long-term visual adaptation during extended use. This review systematically examines the theoretical foundations, design characteristics, clinical application progress, and future development directions of DOT technology, providing scientific evidence for clinical myopia prevention and control strategy formulation.

Objective:To construct a multi-dimensional surgical equipment management and control platform based on artificial intelligence and Internet of Things(AIoT)to assist with the refinement and intelligent management medical equipment in hospital operating rooms.Methods:A multi-dimensional surgical equipment control platform based on AIoT was established by integrating the Internet of Things(IoT),big data analysis,indoor positioning technology,artificial intelligence(AI)technology and other technologies to collect real-time process data of surgical equipment such as endoscopy and electrosurgical,and to open up the relationships among information systems relating to surgical equipment,such as hospital information system(HIS),laboratory information system(LIS),radiology information system(RIS)and operation anesthesia management system(OAMS),so as to provide technical support for efficiency analysis,benefit analysis and assets management of surgical equipment.The platform was composed of 3 layers:data extraction layer,data engine layer and AI data analysis layer,including 4 functional modules:automatic data acquisition,deep data fusion,data mining and analysis and data visualization.Results:This platform was launched in Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine in June 2022,and had realized achieving intelligent daily management such as indoor positioning of operating room equipment,one click inventory.A set of performance analysis method based on IoT and integrated with information systems was established to automatically count the utilization efficiency and cost-effectiveness of key surgical equipment to realize intelligent service,intelligent management,and digital operation.Conclusion:The construction and application of this platform improved the efficiency of medical equipment in operating rooms,reduced the cost and increased the efficiency,assisted in the refinement and intelligent management of hospital surgical equipment,and provided data support for scientific decision-making of hospital managers.

OBJECTIVE To investigate a method for dynamic monitoring of drug consumption （DMDC） based on statistical process control （SPC）， aiming to improve the macro-supervisory capacity in the process of drug utilization. METHODS The lists of key monitoring drug varieties in our hospital were established based on drug cost and relevant national documents. Monthly consumption data of key monitoring drug varieties in the entire hospital， outpatient pharmacy and inpatient pharmacy were taken as monitoring objects，and the DMDC model was established using SPC’s X control chart， moving range control chart， and exponentially weighted moving-average control chart， monitoring from three dimensions： single-month consumption， range variation， and consumption trend. Rosuvastatin， metoprolol and meropenem were taken as examples to demonstrate the monitoring capabilities of the DMDC model. RESULTS Lists of key monitoring drug varieties were established for entire hospital， outpatient pharmacy and inpatient pharmacy， containing 203， 167 and 200 varieties， respectively. After excluding drug varieties that could not be modeled and for which modeling failed， 179， 116 and 172 DMDC models were successfully established for these three drug consumption areas， respectively. During the first four months of 2024， these three groups of model separately warned 54， 32 and 62 drug varieties. The DMDC model successfully monitored the monthly consumption of drugs，such as rosuvastatin throughout the hospital， metoprolol in outpatient pharmacy， and meropenem in inpatient pharmacy. Compared with the previously used floating rate ranking method in our hospital， the application of the DMDC model significantly improved the scope and depth of drug monitoring， with the monitored drug varieties greatly expanded from about 50 to 179， and the monitoring dimensions increased from a single dimension to three. CONCLUSIONS The DMDC model based on SPC is effective and feasible，suitable for monitoring drug varieties with stable monthly consumption.

Objective This study aimed to explore the heterogeneity and gene ontology of Wnt1-Cre-marked and Pax2-Cre-marked first branchial arch cranial neural crest cells(CNCs)in mice.Methods The embryos of Wnt1-Cre;R26RmTmG and Pax2-Cre;R26RmTmG at embryonic day(E)8.0-E9.25 were collected for histological observation.We per-formed immunostaining to compare green fluorescent pro-tein(GFP)-positive CNCs in Pax2-Cre;R26RAi9 and Wnt1-Cre;R26RAi9 mice at E15.5.Single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)was used to analyze the first branchial arch GFP-positive CNCs from Wnt1-Cre;R26RmTmG and Pax2-cre;R26RmTmGmice at E10.5.Real time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(q-PCR)was performed to val-idate the differential genes.Results Wnt1-Cre-marked and Pax2-Cre-marked CNCs migrated from the neural plateto first and second branchial arches and to the first branchial arch,respectively,at E8.0.Although Wnt1-Cre-marked and Pax2-Cre-marked CNCs were found mostly in cranial-facial tissues,the former had higher expression in palate and tongue.The results of scRNA-seq showed that Pax2-Cre-marked CNCs specifically contributed to osteoblast differentia-tion and ossification,while Wnt1-Cre-marked CNCs participated in limb development,cell migration,and ossification.The q-PCR data also confirmed the results of gene ontology analysis.Conclusion Pax2-Cre mice are perfect experimen-tal animal models for research on first branchial arch CNCs and derivatives in osteoblast differentiation and ossification.

Objective To analyze the current situation of healthcare-associated infection (HCAI) management of fever clinics among different levels of medical institutions in Wuhan, and to provide a scientific basis for improving hospital infection management. Methods In January 2023, a network questionnaire survey was conducted on medical institutions with fever clinics in Wuhan. Results A total of 72 medical institutions were investigated, of which 58.33% had CT, and 48.61% had fever clinics for children. The total qualified rate of HCAI management was 78.28%. The qualified rates of four primary indicators, including hospital management, diagnosis and treatment environment protection, training and education, and implementation of infection control measures, were 82.27%, 71.49%, 75.93%, and 81.31%, respectively. There were statistical differences among different levels of medical institutions (all P<0.01). Among the 13 secondary indicators, the qualified rates of 7 indicators were more than 80%, with the highest being medical item management (93.06%), medical waste disposal (89.72%), and personnel management (83.33%), and the lowest being facilities and equipment (66.32%), and patients and accompanying personnel education (66.67%). Among the 65 tertiary indicators, 30 had a pass rate great than 80%. Conclusion Wuhan actively promotes the construction of fever clinics in medical institutions, and the overall situation of HCAI management is good. However, there are still some problems to varying degrees, especially in the layout procedures, hand hygiene, and staff training of fever clinics in secondary and lower medical institutions, which should be further strengthened.

As a normal physiological substance,D-galactose can induce a process similar to natural brain aging in vivo and in vitro when administered excessively,and thus it is widely used to induce brain aging models in China and abroad.The model of brain failure induced by D-galactose has the advantages of a short modeling time,low cost,and significant effect.However,the induction mechanisms are complex and diverse,and the relationships between the mechanisms are unclear,which limit the practical applications of the model.This article reviews the in vivo metabolism of D-galactose and the various mechanisms involved in the induction of brain aging,as well as the links between the mechanisms,to provide a reference for the application and development of this model and the in-depth study of brain aging.

Objective To evaluate the application value of simultaneous amplification and testing for Myco-bacterium tuberculosis(SAT-TB)in evaluating the curative effect of initial treatment of smear-positive pul-monary tuberculosis patients.Methods A total of 62 newly treated smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis pa-tients from June 2022 to June 2023 in Guangzhou Panyu District Chronic Disease Control Station were selected as the study objects,and the curative effect was evaluated by liquid-based sandwich cup method,Roche culture method and SAT-TB detection method.All patients received the standard anti-tuberculosis treatment regimen of 2HRZE/4HR standard regimen,and sputum samples were detected by liquid-based sandwich cup method,Roche culture method,and SAT-TB detection method at the 2nd,4th,and 8th week of treatment,respectively.Results Among 62 patients,54 cases were positive and 8 cases were negative using Roche culture method,47 cases were positive and 15 cases were negative using SAT-TB detection method.60 cases were positive and 2 cases were negative by Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB)-DNA test.The positive rates of the three methods were 87.10％(54/62),75.81％(47/62)and 96.77％(60/62),respectively.Taking Roche culture method re-sults as the standard,the sensitivity of SAT-TB detection method and MTB-DNA was 97.87％(46/47)and 90.00％(54/60),and the specificity was 46.67％(7/15)and 100.00％(2/2),respectively.There were signifi-cant differences between Roche culture method and SAT-TB detection method and MTB-DNA test(x2=20.070,P＜0.05,x2=13.985,P＜0.05),the difference between the results of SAT-TB detection method and MTB-DNA test was also statistically significant(x2=8.365,P＜0.05).The negative conversion rates of MTB in sputum samples were 69.35％(43/62),29.03％(18/62)and 41.94％(26/62)at the 2nd,4 th,and 8 th weeks,respectively.77.42％(48/62),59.68％(37/62),58.06％(36/62),82.26％(51/62),79.03％(49/62),75.81％(47/62).There were significant differences in the negative conversion rates of MTB in sputum sam-ples between SAT-TB and liquid-based sandwich cup method at the 2nd and 4th weeks(x2=8.365,P＜0.05,x2=4.465,P＜0.05),while there was no significant difference between the results of Roche culture method at the 2nd,4th and 8th weeks(x2=1.726,P＞0.05,x2=0.000,P＞0.05,x2=0.046,P＞0.05).Conclusion The use of SAT-TB detection method in clinical practice to evaluate the efficacy of smear positive pulmonary tuberculo-sis patients could accurately and quickly assess the negative conversion rate and treatment effect of patients,and provide a reliable basis for guiding clinical treatment.It could be considered as an effective auxiliary diag-nosis and evaluation method of curative effect,worthy of promotion and practical application.

Objective:To summarize the best evidence for the management of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in patients undergoing assisted reproductive therapy.Methods:Evidence related to the management of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in patients undergoing assisted reproductive therapy,including guidelines,clinical decision,best clinical practice,systematic evaluation,expert consensus and evidence summary and related original research were systematically searched in UpToDate,BMJ Best Practice,World Health Organization(WHO)website,Guidelines International Network(GIN),National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence(NICE)website,National Guidelines website,American Society for Reproductive Medicine(ASRM)website,New York Academy of Sciences(NYAS)website,Joanna Briggs Institute(JBI)database,Cochrane Library,CINAHL,PubMed,Wanfang database,CNKI,and China Biomedical Literature Database from inception to May 31,2024.Two researchers independently evaluated the quality of the literature,and a senior researcher made the final decision for literature inclusion.Results:A total of 15 articles were included in the study.Following quality assessment,one article was excluded.The remaining 14 articles included 5 practice guidelines,3 systematic reviews,2 expert consensuses,1 evidence summary,and 3 from UpToDate.Ultimately,27 pieces of evidence were identified across five key aspects:risk assessment,disease monitoring,early prevention,institutional management and health education.Conclusion:The updated evidence indicates that the monitoring and prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome should start early,personalized treatment plans should be provided for patients,and the rational allocation of treatment resources needs to be promoted to enhance effective management of ovarian hyper-stimulation syndrome.

Inhibiting the death receptor 3(DR3)signaling pathway in group 3 innate lymphoid cells(ILC3s)pre-sents a promising approach for promoting mucosal repair in individuals with ulcerative colitis(UC).Paeoniflorin,a prominent component of Paeonia lactiflora Pall.,has demonstrated the ability to restore barrier function in UC mice,but the precise mechanism remains unclear.In this study,we aimed to delve into whether paeoniflorin may promote intestinal mucosal repair in chronic colitis by inhibiting DR3 signaling in ILC3s.C57BL/6 mice were subjected to random allocation into 7 distinct groups,namely the control group,the 2％dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)group,the paeoniflorin groups(25,50,and 100 mg/kg),the anti-tumor necrosis factor-like ligand 1A(anti-TL1A)antibody group,and the IgG group.We detected the expression of DR3 signaling pathway proteins and the proportion of ILC3s in the mouse colon using Western blot and flow cytometry,respectively.Meanwhile,DR3-overexpressing MNK-3 cells and 2％ DSS-induced Rag1-/-mice were used for verification.The results showed that paeoniflorin alleviated DSS-induced chronic colitis and repaired the intestinal mucosal barrier.Simultaneously,paeoniflorin inhibited the DR3 signaling pathway in ILC3s and regulated the content of cytokines(interleukin-17A,granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor,and interleukin-22).Alternatively,paeoniflorin directly inhibited the DR3 signaling pathway in ILC3s to repair mucosal damage indepen-dently of the adaptive immune system.We additionally confirmed that paeoniflorin-conditioned me-dium(CM)restored the expression of tight junctions in Caco-2 cells via coculture.In conclusion,paeoniflorin ameliorates chronic colitis by enhancing the intestinal barrier in an ILC3-dependent manner,and its mechanism is associated with the inhibition of the DR3 signaling pathway.

Objective To retrieve, evaluate, and summarize evidence on preventive management of high output and dehydration in ileostomy patients from both domestic and international sources. Methods Based on the "6S" evidence model, a top-down approach was employed to retrieve evidence on prevention and management of high output and dehydration in ileostomy patients. Databases searched included BMJ best practice, UpToDate, National Guideline Clearinghouse (NGC), National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN), Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario (RNAO), Wound Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society (WOCNS), World Council of Enterostomal Therapists (WCET), Medlive Clinical Guidelines website, Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang Data, China Biology Medicine (CBM), and VIP Database. The search period was from January 2019 to April 2024. Results A total of 13 articles were included after retrieval and screening, comprising 2 guidelines, 2 expert consensuses, 4 systematic reviews, 4 evidence summaries, and 1 clinical decision aid. After translation, summarization, and organization of the included articles, 19 pieces of evidence across 11 categories were formulated, focusing on four items: definition and risk factors of high output in ileostomy, prevention and management strategies related to high output in ileostomy, prevention and management strategies related to dehydration in high-output ileostomy, and follow-up strategies for prevention of high output and dehydration after ileostomy surgery. Conclusion The evidence summarized based on the "6S" evidence model for prevention and management of high output and dehydration in ileostomy patients can provide a reference for clinical practice among healthcare professionals and medical decision-makers, thereby enhancing nursing quality and reducing patient rehospitalization rates.