Objective To observe the value of quality control system based on artificial intelligence(AI)for improving imaging quality of chest CT.Methods Totally 1 726 CT images obtained from 415 patients were retrospectively collected,among which 1 414 images were used for convolutional neural network(CNN)training and the rest 312 images were used for validation.Precision,Recall,F1-Score,mean average precision(mAP)and intersection over union(IOU)of quality control system based on AI for chest CT scanning were calculated.Meanwhile,21 patients with unsatisfactory chest CT who would undergo re-examination were prospectively enrolled,and chest CT scanning with quality control system based on AI were performed.The results of 2 examinations were compared.Results Precision,Recall,F1-Score,mAP and IOU of quality control system based on AI for chest CT were all good.All 21 cases were diagnosed correctly with re-examination CT based on quality control system.Among 21 cases,the first CT misdiagnosed 19 cases,the displaying of the area,volume and display quality of pulmonary nodules were not significantly different,but the morphology,boundaries,spiny protrusions,vacuolar signs,inflatable bronchial signs of nodules as well as the thickened and twisted blood vessels were obviously different between 2 times examination.The first CT missed 1 case while correctly diagnosed 1 case.Conclusion The quality control system based on AI was helpful for improving imaging quality of chest CT and increasing diagnostic efficacy.

Objective:To investigated the safety and efficacy of donor-derived CD19+ or sequential CD19+ CD22+ chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy in patients with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT).Methods:The data of 22 patients with B-ALL who relapsed after allo-HSCT and who underwent donor-derived CAR-T therapy at the Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University and the 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of the People’s Liberation Army of China from September 2015 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS), and the secondary endpoints were event-free survival (EFS), complete remission (CR) rate, and Grade 3-4 adverse events.Results:A total of 81.82% ( n=18) of the 22 patients achieved minimal residual disease-negative CR after CAR-T infusion. The median follow-up time was 1037 (95% CI 546–1509) days, and the median OS and EFS were 287 (95% CI 132-441) days and 212 (95% CI 120-303) days, respectively. The 6-month OS and EFS rates were 67.90% (95% CI 48.30%-84.50%) and 58.70% (95% CI 37.92%-79.48%), respectively, and the 1-year OS and EFS rates were 41.10% (95% CI 19.15%-63.05%) and 34.30% (95% CI 13.92%-54.68%), respectively. Grade 1-2 cytokine release syndrome occurred in 36.36% ( n=8) of the patients, and grade 3-4 occurred in 13.64% of the patients ( n=3). Grade 2 and 4 graft-versus-host disease occurred in two patients. Conclusion:Donor-derived CAR-T therapy is safe and effective in patients with relapsed B-ALL after allo-HSCT.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is currently prevalent in populations throughout the world, and 56%‍-94% of the global population is seropositive for CMV. CMV infection mainly affects immunocompromised hosts. In these cases, it can cause significant symptoms, tissue-invasive disease, and many sequelae including death (Dioverti and Razonable, 2016). The vast majority of healthy adults with CMV infection experience an asymptomatic course; when symptomatic, it manifests as a mononucleosis-like syndrome in approximately 10% of patients (Sridhar et al., 2018). The gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system appear to be the most frequent sites of severe CMV infection in immunocompetent individuals (Rafailidis et al., 2008). However, CMV infection is relatively rarely recorded in immunocompetent hosts.
Adult ; Humans ; Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic/complications* ; Cytomegalovirus Infections/diagnosis* ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Disease Progression

Abstract: Objective　To evaluate the free thalassaemia screening programme for preconception and pregnancy in Hainan Province, and to provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the screening process for thalassaemia. Methods From November 2020 to July 2021, a survey was conducted on 10 396 adults with Hainan household registration who participated in the Epidemiological Survey of Thalassemia in Hainan Residents in 19 cities and counties of Hainan Province. All of them underwent routine blood tests, haemoglobin electrophoresis tests and genetic tests for thalassaemia. The optimal diagnostic cut-off values for mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), and haemoglobin adult type 2 (HbA2) were determined using screening test indexes such as receiver operating characteristic curve and sensitivity. The diagnostic effectiveness of different primary screening programs for thalassemia gene carriers was evaluated. Results Using the existing MCV single-indicator thalassemia primary screening protocol in Hainan Province, where individuals with MCV<82 fL undergo thalassemia gene testing, resulted in a high missed diagnosis rate (34.06%) and low sensitivity (65.94%). The optimal cut-off values for MCV screening for alpha-and beta-thalassaemia were 84.45 fL and 79.05 fL, respectively; the optimal cut-off values for MCH screening for alpha-and beta-thalassaemia were 27.95 pg and 25.15 pg, respectively. The optimal cut-off value for HbA2 screening for alpha-thalassaemia was less than 2.55% and greater than 3.35% for beta-thalassaemia. The "combined HbA2 or MCH or MCV screening protocol" with the cut-off values recommended in this study had a better performance in primary screening for thalassemia, with the highest sensitivity (92.96%) and negative predictive value (92.67%) and the lowest underdiagnosis rate (7.04%), statistically significant differences compared with the existing protocol (P<0.05). Conclusions The current process of screening for thalassemia in Hainan Province may lead to missed diagnoses. The combined use of MCV, MCH and HbA2 for thalassemia screening, adopting locally suitable cutoff values for primary screening indicators, can improve the incidence of missed reporting of thalassemia and enhance diagnostic effectiveness.

Objective:To explore the value of detecting plasma donor-derived free DNA (dd-cfDNA) fraction in distinguishing antibody mediated-rejection (ABMR) and T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR) of renal allografts.Methods:Patients with acute rejection confirmed by allograft biopsy in the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Zhejiang University from December 1, 2017 to July 18, 2019 were retrospectively included. Based on pathological classification of Banff renal allograft rejection in 2017, the patients were divided into ABMR group and TCMR group, and the latter was subdivided into TCMR Ⅰ subgroup and TCMR Ⅱ subgroup. The second generation sequencing and target region capture were used to detect candidates' peripheral blood dd-cfDNA. The demographic and clinicopathological data of the two groups were compared. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to evaluate the differential value of plasma dd-cfDNA and serum creatinine levels in two kinds of acute renal allograft rejection.Results:A total of 60 patients with acute rejection of renal transplantation were enrolled in this study, including 42 patients in TCMR group and 18 patients in ABMR group. The plasma dd-cfDNA percentage (%) in the ABMR group was significantly higher than that in the TCMR group [2.33(1.19, 4.30)% vs 0.98(0.50, 1.82)%, P=0.001]. The absolute value of dd-cfDNA in ABMR group was obviously higher than that in TCMR group [0.94(0.60, 2.27) ng/ml vs 0.43(0.20, 0.96) ng/ml, P=0.003]. ROC analysis to discriminate TCMR from ABMR showed that, the area under the curve ( AUC) of dd-cfDNA% was 0.76(95% CI 0.64-0.88), when the threshold was 1.11%, the sensitivity and specificity were 88.89% and 59.52%, respectively; the AUC of absolute value of dd-cfDNA was 0.74(95% CI 0.61-0.86), when the threshold was 0.53 ng/ml, the sensitivity was 88.89% and the specificity was 54.76%. TCMR subgroups were further analyzed, there was no significant difference between TCMR subgroups on the absolute value and percentage of dd-cfDNA (both P>0.05); dd-cfDNA% in ABMR group was apparently higher than that in TCMRⅠ subgroups ( P=0.008) and TCMRⅡsubgroup ( P=0.030). The absolute value of dd-cfDNA in ABMR group was significantly higher than that in TCMRⅠsubgroups ( P=0.003). Conclusion:Plasma dd-cfDNA level may help to distinguish between ABMR and TCMR rejection.

Objective:To analyze the characteristics of etiology and clinical indicators of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and non-HBV liver failure, and to evaluate their potential roles in reflecting disease outcomes.Methods:The clinical data of 369 patients with liver failure admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of the Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi which was the designated hospital for treatment of liver failure from January 2018 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The classification and comparison of etiology of non-HBV and HBV liver failure patients were performed according to the Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Failure (2018 edition). The indicators of liver failure related etiologies, including gender, age, anticoagulant enzyme Ⅲ (ATⅢ), total bilirubin (TBil), length of ICU stay, hepatic encephalopathy, underlying disease (liver cirrhosis and liver cancer, etc.) and usage of artificial liver were analyzed. According to the 6-month follow-up results after discharge, the differences in the etiological indicators of died and survival patients and the outcome of patients with different types of liver failure were analyzed. Results:A total of 369 patients were enrolled, including 134 (36.3%) with liver failure not caused by HBV and 235 (63.7%) with liver failure caused by HBV. The male with HBV-related liver failure was 4.34 times higher than female (cases: 191 vs. 44), which was higher than non-HBV-related liver failure (1.03 times, cases: 68 vs. 66). The 6-month follow-up showed that the proportion of male with HBV-related liver failure who died and survived was significantly higher than that of female (78.76% vs. 21.24% in died patients, 92.86% vs. 7.14% in survival patients, both P < 0.01). The age of died patients in the non-HBV-related liver failure group was significantly higher than that of the survival patients (years: 58.53±0.15 vs. 54.38±3.01, P < 0.05), and the ATⅢ level was significantly lower than that of the survival patients [(32.20±6.43)% vs. (38.63±2.74)%, P < 0.05]. The length of ICU stay of the died HBV-related liver failure group was significantly shorter than that of the survival patients (days: 23.77±11.74 vs. 35.51±2.85, P < 0.01). The 6-month mortality after discharge of HBV-related liver failure combined with liver cancer was significantly higher than that of non-HBV-related liver failure (12.34% vs. 2.24%, P < 0.01), but there was no significant difference in 6-month mortality after discharge of patients receiving artificial liver and those with hepatic encephalopathy and cirrhosis between different types of liver failure groups. Conclusions:HBV is the main cause of liver failure. Patients with HBV-related liver failure were younger and had a longer hospitalization period, which was conducive to the recovery of the disease. HBV-related liver failure accompanied with liver cancer is the main factors of death. The ATⅢ has the potential value to reflect the disease outcome.

Objective:To assess the predictors of outcomes for different subtypes of liver failure, and the effectiveness of artificial liver support systems in the treatment of liver failure.Methods:The clinical data of 112 patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)- and non-HBV-related liver failure admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of the Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi were collected from January to December 2020. The relevant etiologies of acute, subacute, acute-on-chronic, subacute-on-chronic, chronic subtype liver failure were analyzed. The efficacies of artificial liver support systems in the treatment of various subtypes of liver failure were also compared. The correlation of various indicators was analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis, the risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with liver failure were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression equation, and receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve) of subjects was plotted to evaluate the predictive value of each risk factor for the prognosis of patients with liver failure.Results:Among the 112 liver failure patients, 63 were caused by hepatitis B and 49 were caused by non-hepatitis B. The liver failure caused by hepatitis B was 6 times higher than for men than for women, which was higher than that of non-HBV liver failure group (1.33 times). Antithrombin Ⅲ (AT Ⅲ) and total bilirubin (TBil) levels of subacute liver failure were higher than those of pre-liver failure in the HBV liver failure group [AT Ⅲ: (59.33±14.57)% vs. (35.66±20.72)%, TBil (μmol/L): 399.21±112.94 vs. 206.08±126.96, both P < 0.05]. The levels of AT Ⅲ in patients with pre-liver failure and chronic liver failure in the non-HBV liver failure group were significantly higher than those with acute liver failure [(58.33±15.28%), (44.00±19.10)% vs. (31.33±7.57)%, both P < 0.05], patients with acute liver failure had significantly lower level of TBil than pre-liver failure (μmol/L: 107.83±49.73 vs. 286.20±128.92, P < 0.05), the TBil levels in patients with subacute and acute-on-chronic liver failure were also significantly higher than that in pre-liver failure group (μmol/L: 417.27±118.60, 373.00±187.00 vs. 286.20±128.92, both P < 0.05). Patients with subacute liver failure, subacute-on-chronic liver failure and chronic liver failure in the non-HBV failure group were significantly longer than those in acute liver failure (days: 36.00±8.31, 27.52±11.71, 27.72±22.71 vs. 11.00±1.41, all P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the case fatality rate of using the artificial liver support system between the HBV failure group and the non-HBV failure group (55.6% vs. 50.0%, P < 0.05), the levels of AT Ⅲ in the two groups of surviving patients were significantly higher than that of the dead [HBV liver failure group: (36.20±6.26)% vs. (27.33±8.87)%, non-HBV liver failure group: (41.06±4.16)% vs. (28.71±12.35)%, both P < 0.01]. Correlation analysis showed that there was a clear positive correlation between AT Ⅲ and TBil in the dead patients of HBV liver failure group and the survival and death patients of non-HBV liver failure group ( r values were 0.069, 0.341, 0.064, and P values were 0.723, 1.196 and 0.761, respectively); there was a significant inverse correlation between AT Ⅲ and TBil in the HBV liver failure group ( r = -0.105, P = 0.745). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that AT Ⅲ was an independent risk factor affecting the prognosis of patients with non-HBV liver failure [odd ratio ( OR) = 1.023, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was -0.001 to 0.001, P = 0.007]. TBil was an independent risk factor affecting prognosis of patients with HBV liver failure ( OR = 1.005, 95% CI was -0.002 to -7.543, P = 0.033). The analysis of ROC curve showed that AT Ⅲ had a predictive value for the prognosis of patients with non-HBV liver failure, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) = 0.747, the 95% CI was 0.592-0.902, P = 0.009. When the optimal truncation value was 39.5%, its sensitivity and specificity were 83.33% and 56.25%, respectively. Conclusions:Artificial liver support system treatment of liver failure was difficult to effectively reduce the mortality of patients with end-stage liver failure. In addition to AT Ⅲ, TBil also could be used as an indicator to assess liver compensatency and predict prognosis in liver failure patients.

Objective:To investigate the effect of sodium hyaluronate on chronic periodontitis and its influence on serum hyper sensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP), interleukin 8(IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α).Methods:Using the random number table method, 98 patients with chronic periodontitis from March 2017 to March 2019 in Hangzhou Xixi Hospital were randomly divided into observation group (49 cases) and control group (49 cases). The control group was treated with tinidazole tablets, and the observation group was treated with sodium hyaluronate on the basis of the control group. The course of treatment was 4 weeks. The total effective rate was compared and the gingival index(GI), sulcus bleeding index (SBI), plaque index (PLI), and the levels of serum hs-CRP, IL-8, TNF-α before and 4 weeks after treatment were compared between the two groups.Results:The total effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group:93.88%(46/49) vs. 71.43%(35/49), the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=8.612, P<0.05). After treatment of 4 weeks, the scores of GI, SBI and PLI in the observation group were lower than those in the control group: (1.10 ± 0.23 vs. 1.63 ± 0.36, 0.38 ± 0.10 vs.0.71 ± 0.15, 0.83 ± 0.29 vs. 1.36 ± 0.21), the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). After treatment of 4 weeks, the levels of hs-CRP, IL-8 and TNF-α in the observation group were lower than those in the control group: (4.53 ± 1.29) mg/L vs. (7.65 ± 1.82) mg/L, (6.17 ± 1.08) ng/L vs. (9.98 ± 1.56) ng/L, (2.27 ± 0.26) μg/L vs. (3.98 ± 0.32) μg/L, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). No obvious adverse reactions occurred in the two groups. Conclusions:Sodium hyaluronate has a significant clinical effect on chronic periodontitis. It can reduce the levels of hs-CRP, IL-8, TNF-α and alleviate the inflammatory reaction.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between serum uric acid level and hyperglycemia.Methods:A medical examination cohort of the staff of our hospital was constructed. From February 1 st, 2011, to December 31 st, 2011, 3 937 staff members without hyperglycemia were selected, and baseline data were collected through a questionnaire survey, physical examination, measurement of blood lipid and blood glucose, assessment of kidney function, and other laboratory tests. The subjects were followed up during the annual physical examination for 7 years, from January 1 st, 2012, to December 31 st, 2018. They were divided into four groups according to serum uric acid level: uric acid<360 μmol/L, 360≤uric acid<420 μmol/L, 420≤uric acid<480 μmol/L, and uric acid≥ 480 μmol/L. With the occurrence of hyperglycemia as the outcome indicator; uric acid level as the observation index; uric acid<360 μmol/L as the control group; and gender, age, body mass index, smoking, hypertension, dyslipidemia as confounding factors, Cox regression was performed before and after adjusting confounding factors to analyze the relationship between different uric acid levels and the incidence of hyperglycemia in the entire sample, in the male staff, and in the female staff. Results:The 7-year cumulative incidence of hyperglycemia in the four groups were 15.7%, 34.0%, 38.8%, and 43.8%, respectively ( Z=148.94, P<0.01). In the male staff, the 7-year cumulative incidence rates in the four groups were 23.4%, 29.9%, 34.7%, and 35.8%, respectively ( Z=11.17, P<0.01). In the female staff, the 7-year cumulative incidence rates in the four groups were 14.2%, 42.5%, 52.2%, and 65.0%, respectively ( Z=141.84, P<0.01. After adjusting for gender, age, body mass index, smoking, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, the risk of hyperglycemia in the 360≤uric acid<420 μmol/L, 420≤uric acid<480 μmol/L, and uric acid≥ 480 μmol/L groups were 1.73 (1.39-2.15), 1.86 (1.42-2.45), and 1.95 (1.34-2.85) times higher than that in the control group (all P<0.05). Among female staff, the risk of hyperglycemia in the 360≤uric acid<420 μmol/L, 420≤uric acid<480 μmol/L, and uric acid≥ 480 μmol/L groups were 2.18 (1.62-2.94), 3.41 (2.24-5.20), and 3.02 (1.69-5.40) times, respectively, and were also higher than those in the control group (all P<0.01). Conclusion:With the increase of serum uric acid level, the risk of hyperglycemia in medical staff increases, which is mainly manifested in female staff.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between hyperhomocysteinemia (HCA) and hyperuricemia (HUA).Methods:A total of 8 465 individuals who received a medical examination at the Xiangya Hospital Health Management Center of Central South University were selected as research subjects from January to June 2018. The multi-factor binary Logic regression method was adopted and four different models. The ratio ( OR) and its 95% trusted interval ( CI) between Hhcy group and normal control group were analyzed. Results:Compared to the normal control group, the OR(95% CI) of the probability of HUA in the Hhcy population was 3.272 (95% CI: 2.839 to 3.771, P<0.001) without correcting other factors; After correcting the influence of age and gender, the OR (95% CI) of the Hhcy population with HUA probability was 2.111 (95% CI: 1.811-2.461, P<0.001); After correcting age, gender, Body Mass Index (BMI), blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, triglycerin, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein, the OR(95% CI) of the Hhcy population with HUA probability was 2.163 (95% CI: 1.845 to 2.535, P<0.001); After correcting age, sex, BMI, blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, triglycerin, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, drinking, smoking, exercise time, and exercise intensity, the OR (95% CI) of the Hhcy population had a HUA probability of 2.209(95% CI: 1.845 to 2.646, P<0.001). Conclusion:The cross-sectional study confirmed that Hhcy was positively correlated with HUA. Reducing homocysteine levels may be a new approach to the health management of HUA.