Oleanolic acid (OA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid, exhibits a broad spectrum of biological activities, including antitumor, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic effects. Since its initial isolation and identification, numerous studies have reported on the structural modifications and pharmacological activities of OA and its derivatives. Despite this, there has been a dearth of comprehensive reviews in the past two decades, leading to challenges in subsequent research on OA. Based on the main biological activities of OA, this paper comprehensively summarized the modification strategies and structure-activity relationships (SARs) of OA and its derivatives to provide valuable reference for future investigations into OA.
Oleanolic Acid ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology* ; Triterpenes ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology*

Objective To analyse the risk factors for postoperative infection in traumatic tibial plateau fractures and to construct a Nomogram prediction model.Methods One hundred and forty-eight patients with traumatic tibial plateau fractures who underwent surgery in our hospital from October 2019 to August 2021 were selected for the study,and were divided into an infected group(n=20)and an uninfected group(n=128)according to whether they developed infection after surgery.The general data of the two groups were compared;the predictive value of statistically significant continuous variables was analysed using the ROC experiment;the risk factors affecting postoperative infection in traumatic tibial plateau fractures were analysed using the logistic regression experiment;and the clinical efficacy of the Nomogram model was verified using internal data.Results In the comparison of general data such as age and gender between the two groups,the differences were not statistically significant(P＞0.05).Compared with the uninfected group,patients in the infected group had a higher percentage of diabetes mellitus,open fracture type,and osteofascial compartment syndrome,and longer operative time and hospital stay(P＜0.05);diabetes(yes),fracture type(open),osteofascial compartment syndrome(yes),and operative time(＞3 h)were risk factors affecting postoperative infection in traumatic tibial plateau fractures.The AUCs for operative time and hospital stay were not 0.792 and 0.651;the optimal stage values were not 3 h and 13 d(P＜0.05);the Nomogram model predicted a C-index of 0.744(0.651-0.807)for the risk of postoperative infection in traumatic tibial plateau fractures.The model predicted the risk of infection after traumatic tibial plateau fracture at a threshold of＞0.09.Conclusion Diabetes mellitus(yes),fracture type(open),osteofascial compartment syndrome(yes),and operative time(＞3 h)were risk factors affecting postoperative infection in traumatic tibial plateau fractures,and the Nomogram model constructed based on the above variables had good predictive value.

Objective To compare the efficacy of endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)using the flexible auxiliary single-arm transluminal endoscopic robot(FASTER)with that of the traditional technique,and explore a safer and more efficient ESD operation method.Methods FASTER-assisted ESD and traditional ESD were used to operate in the isolated pig esophagus model.The differences of total procedure time,ESD time,the rate of direct-vision dissection,complete en bloc resection and complication rate between the two groups were compared and analyzed.Results The total procedure time[(19.2±2.9)and(28.9±8.2)min]and ESD time[(13.0±2.9)and(21.6±8.3)min]were significantly shorter in FASTER-assisted ESD group than those in traditional ESD group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.01);The rate of direct-vision dissection was significantly higher than that of the traditional ESD(96.2%and 65.4%),the difference was statistically significant(P=0.014).Muscle layer injury rate was significantly lower than of the traditional group(19.2%and 69.2%),the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01).There was no significant difference in complete en bloc resection rate and perforation rate between the two groups(P>0.05).These advantages were more apparent in esophageal non-gravity lesions.Conclusion Esophageal ESD assisted by FASTER is safer and more efficient than traditional ESD.

Critical care medicine-related treatment is an interdisciplinary and multi-professional process,often leading to secondary or concomitant mental disorders in clinical practice.Currently,there is no consensus on the pharmacological treatment of related mental illnesses in China.The Chinese Society of Psychosomatic Medicine collaborated with the Critical Care Medicine expert group to form a consensus writing expert group.After a systematic review of relevant literature,summarizing published domestic and foreign literature,and extensive discussions,the consensus was developed.The consensus elaborates on the principles and processes of the standardized use of psychotropic drugs in critical care medicine,as well as the clinical indications,precautions,and specific drug selection of various psychiatric medications,providing feasible suggestions and guidance for the clinical application of psychiatric medications in the intensive care unit.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)is characterized by high recurrence or distant metastases rate and the prognosis is challenging.There is mounting evidence that tumor-infiltrating B cells(TIL-Bs)have a crucial,synergistic role in tumor control.However,little is known about the role TIL-Bs play in immune microenvironment and the way TIL-Bs affect the outcome of immune checkpoint blockade.Using single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)data from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database,the study identified distinct gene expression patterns in TIL-Bs.HNSCC samples were categorized into TIL-Bs inhibition and TIL-Bs activation groups using unsupervised clustering.This classification was further validated with TCGA HNSCC data,correlating with patient prognosis,immune cell infiltration,and response to immunotherapy.We found that the B cells activation group exhibited a better prognosis,higher immune cell infiltration,and distinct immune checkpoint levels,including elevated PD-L1.A prognostic model was also developed and validated,highlighting four genes as potential biomarkers for predicting survival outcomes in HNSCC patients.Overall,this study provides a foundational approach for B cells-based tumor classification in HNSCC,offering insights into targeted treatment and immunotherapy strategies.

Intestinal dysbiosis and disrupted bile acid(BA)homeostasis are associated with obesity,but the precise mechanisms remain insufficiently explored.Hepatic protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3G(PPP1R3G)plays a pivotal role in regulating glycolipid metabolism;nevertheless,its obesity-combatting potency remains unclear.In this study,a substantial reduction was observed in serum PPP1R3G levels in high-body mass index(BMI)and high-fat diet(HFD)-exposed mice,establishing a positive correlation between PPP1R3G and non-12α-hydroxylated(non-12-OH)BA content.Additionally,hepatocyte-specific overexpression of Ppp1r3g(PPP1R3G HOE)mitigated HFD-induced obesity as evidenced by reduced weight,fat mass,and an improved serum lipid profile;hepatic steatosis alleviation was confirmed by normalized liver enzymes and histology.PPP1R3G HOE considerably impacted systemic BA homeostasis,which notably increased the non-12-OH BAs ratio,particularly lithocholic acid(LCA).16S ribosomal DNA(16S rDNA)sequencing assay indicated that PPP1R3G HOE reversed HFD-induced gut dysbiosis by reducing the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and Lactobacillus population,and elevating the relative abundance of Blautia,which exhibited a positive correlation with serum LCA levels.A fecal microbiome transplantation test confirmed that the anti-obesity effect of hepatic PPP1R3G was gut microbiota-dependent.Mechanistically,PPP1R3G HOE markedly suppressed hepatic cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase(CYP7A1)and sterol-12α-hydroxylase(CYP8B1),and concurrently upregulated oxysterol 7-α hydroxylase and Takeda G protein-coupled BA receptor 5(TGR5)expression under HFD conditions.Furthermore,LCA administration significantly mitigated the HFD-induced obesity phenotype and elevated non-12-OH BA levels.These findings emphasize the significance of hepatic PPP1R3G in ameliorating diet-induced adiposity and hepatic steatosis through the gut microbiota-BA axis,which may serve as potential ther-apeutic targets for obesity-related disorders.

Objective: To analyze the status of noise hazard in workplace of key industries in Guangdong Province. Methods: A total of 1 061 enterprises from 14 key industries in 21 prefecture-level cities in Guangdong Province were selected as the research subjects using stratified sampling method. The occupational health survey was carried out, and the noise intensity in the workplace was detected. Results: There were 12 606 workplaces and 5 570 work sites involved among 1 061 enterprises. The median and the 0-100th percentile value ［M (P₀-P₁₀₀)］ of noise intensity in workplace were 82.6 (46.5-112.6) dB(A), and 35.03% of the workplace exceeded the national noise intensity standard. The regions and industry with the highest rate of noise exceeded the national noise intensity standard in workplace were in the northern part of Guangdong and the stone processing industry respectively. The M (P₀-P₁₀₀) of noise intensity in the work sites was 83.7 (47.5-106.2) dB(A), and 36.00% of the work sites exceeded the national noise intensity standard. The regions and industry with the highest rate of noise exceeded the national noise intensity standard in work sites were in the Pearl River Delta region and the ferrous metal mining and dressing industry respectively. The rate of noise protection facilities setting was 66.45%, and the validity of personal protection was 61.73%. The occupational medical examination was performed in 73.24% of the research subjects, and 3.25% of the result was abnormal. The industry with the highest occupational medical examination rate was nonferrous metal smelting and rolling processing, and the industry with the highest abnormal rate of occupational medical examination was stone processing industry. Conclusion: Noise hazards in workplaces of key industries in Guangdong Province are relatively severe, necessitating strengthened supervision and management, noise control measures, and efforts to reduce noise exposure levels in workplaces and work sites.

Objective To investigate the predictive value of preoperative bi-parametric MRI radiomics for the International Society of Urological Pathology(ISUP)grading of prostate cancer(PCa).Methods One hundred and sixty-five patients with PCa confirmed by pathology were analyzed retrospectively.According to the ISUP grading system,PCa patients were divided into five subgroups:G1 group(Gleason score=6),G2 group(Gleason score=3+4),G3 group(Gleason score=4+3),G4 group(Gleason score=8)and G5 group(Gleason score=9 or 10).A total of 3 948 radiomics features were extracted from T2WI,diffusion weighted imaging(DWI),and apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)images of each patient.Patients were classified into two categories based on Gleason score≥4+3 or ≤3+4.A radiomics signature(Rad-score)was constructed after reduction of dimension by the minimum redundancy maximum relevance(mRMR)and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO).The Spearman rank correlation test was used to evaluate the correlation between Rad-score and ISUP grading groups.The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the difference of Rad-score among the five groups.Results Eleven most valuable features were selected as the Rad-score after reducing the dimension by mRMR and LASSO algorithm.Moderate correlation existed between Rad-score and ISUP grading(r=0.53,P＜0.05).There were significant differences in Rad-score between G1 and G2 groups and G3,G4 and G5 groups(P＜0.05),no significant difference existed between the remained two groups(P＞0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)of receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve for Rad-score were 0.827,0.762,0.563,0.657,0.698 for G1,G2,G3,G4 and G5 groups,respectively.Conclusion The radiomics based on bi-parametric MRI can be used to predict grade 1,2 PCa patients in the ISUP grading system.

Humans ; Aripiprazole/therapeutic use* ; Schizophrenia/drug therapy* ; Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use* ; Risperidone ; China ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To investigate the level of finger systolic blood pressure (FSBP) in healthy young adults. Methods A total of 28 healthy young adults were selected as the study subjects by convenient sampling method. The FSBP of the study subjects was detected at 30 and 10 ℃, and the FSBP index (F_i) was calculated. Results The FSBP of the study subjects at 30 and 10 ℃ were (102.0±16.5) and (104.4±15.2) mmHg, respectively. The FSBP in male group at 30 and 10 ℃ was (99.6±18.6) and (107.2±17.0) mmHg, respectively. The FSBP in female group at 30 and 10 ℃ was (104.4±13.9) and (101.5±2.8) mmHg, respectively. The results of factorial analysis showed that the interaction between gender and temperature on FSBP was statistically significant (P<0.05). FSBP in male group was higher at 10 than 30 ℃ (P<0.05) and higher than female group at 10 ℃ (P<0.05). There was no statistical significance for the main effect of gender, temperature, finger, or the interaction effect of gender and finger, temperature and finger for FSBP (all P>0.05). The average F_i of the study subjects was (98.0±16.6)%, with males and females having the average F_i of (100.7±20.7) % and (95.2±10.6) % respectively. The results of factorial analysis of variance showed that there was no significant difference on F_i in the main effect gender and fingers or the interaction effect between them(all P>0.05). Conclusion The FSBP test could be used as a detection method for assessing peripheral microcirculation function in Chinese population. However, further research is needed to establish reference ranges and influencing factors.