Platycodonis Radix is the dry root of Platycodon grandiflorum of Campanulaceae, which has a variety of pharmacological effects and is a commonly used bulk Chinese medicine. In this study, the chloroplast genome sequences of six P. grandiflorum from different producing areas has been sequenced with Illumina HiSeq X Ten platform. The specific DNA barcodes were screened, and the germplasm resources and genetic diversity were analyzed according to the specific barcodes. The total length of the chloroplast genome of 6 P. grandiflorum samples was 172 260-172 275 bp, and all chloroplast genomes showed a typical circular tetrad structure and encoded 141 genes. The comparative genomics analysis and results of amplification efficiency demonstrated that trnG-UCC and ndhG_ndhF were the potential specific DNA barcodes for identification the germplasm resources of P. grandiflorum. A total of 305 P. grandiflorum samples were collected from 15 production areas in 9 provinces, for which the fragments of trnG-UCC and ndhG_ndhF were amplificated and the sequences were analyzed. The results showed that trnG-UCC and ndhG_ndhF have 5 and 11 mutation sites, respectively, and 5 and 7 haplotypes were identified, respectively. The combined analysis of the two sequences formed 13 haplotypes (named Hap1-Hap13), and Hap4 is the main genotype, followed by Hap1. The unique haplotypes possessed by the three producing areas can be used as DNA molecular tags in this area to distinguish from the germplasm resources of P. grandiflorum from other areas. The haplotype diversity, nucleotide diversity and genetic distance were 0.94, 4.79×10^-3 and 0.000 0-0.020 3, respectively, suggesting that the genetic diversity was abundant and intraspecific kinship was relatively close. This study laid a foundation for the identification of P. grandiflorum, the protection and utilization of germplasm resources, and molecular breeding.

Objective To investigate the role of sphingosine kinase-1(SPHK1)in regulating migration and invasion of gastric cancer(GC)cells.Methods TIMER2.0,GEPIA and HPA databases were used to investigate SPHK1 expression in GC,and its association with prognosis of the patients was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier Plotter database.In 40 clinical GC and adjacent tissue samples,SPHK1 and MKI67 expressions were detected with immunohistochemistry,Western blotting,and RT-qPCR.Gene enrichment pathway analysis was conducted to explore the biological functions of SPHK1.In HGC-27 and MGC-803 cells,the effects of lentivirus-mediated SPHK1 knockdown or overexpression on cell migration and invasion and expressions of key proteins in the nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)signaling were evaluated using cell scratch test,Transwell assays and Western blotting.The changes in tumorigenic capacity of the transfected GC cells were evaluated in nude mice.Results SPHK1 was highly expressed in GC tissues in negative correlation with overall survival,overall survival after progression,and relapse-free survival of the patients(all P<0.001).In clinical GC samples,SPHK1 and MKI67 expressions showed a positive correlation(P=0.00049)and were both significantly up-regulated(P<0.001).Gene enrichment pathway analysis suggested the involvement of SPHK1 in cell adhesion,migration,angiogenesis and the NF-κB pathway(P<0.05).In the cell experiment,SPHK1 knockdown significantly decreased while SPHK1 overexpression enhanced migration and invasion abilities of the GC cells.SPHK1 positively regulated the expressions of phosphorylated P65(P-P65),VEGFA and IL-17,and blocking the NF-κB pathway by PDTC significantly lowered migration and invasion ability of the cells.In nude mice,the GC cells with SPHK1 knockdown resulted in significantly reduced tumor size and mass,while the SPHK1-overexpressing cells showed enhanced tumorigenicity.Conclusion SPHK1 regulates migration and invasion of GC cells via the NF-κB signaling pathway and may serve as a potential diagnostic marker for GC progression.

Objective To investigate the role of sphingosine kinase-1(SPHK1)in regulating migration and invasion of gastric cancer(GC)cells.Methods TIMER2.0,GEPIA and HPA databases were used to investigate SPHK1 expression in GC,and its association with prognosis of the patients was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier Plotter database.In 40 clinical GC and adjacent tissue samples,SPHK1 and MKI67 expressions were detected with immunohistochemistry,Western blotting,and RT-qPCR.Gene enrichment pathway analysis was conducted to explore the biological functions of SPHK1.In HGC-27 and MGC-803 cells,the effects of lentivirus-mediated SPHK1 knockdown or overexpression on cell migration and invasion and expressions of key proteins in the nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)signaling were evaluated using cell scratch test,Transwell assays and Western blotting.The changes in tumorigenic capacity of the transfected GC cells were evaluated in nude mice.Results SPHK1 was highly expressed in GC tissues in negative correlation with overall survival,overall survival after progression,and relapse-free survival of the patients(all P<0.001).In clinical GC samples,SPHK1 and MKI67 expressions showed a positive correlation(P=0.00049)and were both significantly up-regulated(P<0.001).Gene enrichment pathway analysis suggested the involvement of SPHK1 in cell adhesion,migration,angiogenesis and the NF-κB pathway(P<0.05).In the cell experiment,SPHK1 knockdown significantly decreased while SPHK1 overexpression enhanced migration and invasion abilities of the GC cells.SPHK1 positively regulated the expressions of phosphorylated P65(P-P65),VEGFA and IL-17,and blocking the NF-κB pathway by PDTC significantly lowered migration and invasion ability of the cells.In nude mice,the GC cells with SPHK1 knockdown resulted in significantly reduced tumor size and mass,while the SPHK1-overexpressing cells showed enhanced tumorigenicity.Conclusion SPHK1 regulates migration and invasion of GC cells via the NF-κB signaling pathway and may serve as a potential diagnostic marker for GC progression.

Objective To clarify the understanding of types of laboratories and manufacturers for GB 9706.1-2020 Medical electrical equipment-Part 1:General requirements for basic safety and essential performance by laboratory proficiency testing for creepage distance and electrical clearance test.Methods An operation guide was formed according to the testing program in GB 9706.1-2020,and the homogeneity and stability of the samples were evaluated according to CNAS-GL003:2018 Guidance on Evaluating the Homogenneity and Stability of Samples Used for Proficiency Testing.Robust statistic methods were used to assess the quantitative parameters of the test results of the participating laboratories according to the requirements in GB/T 28043-2019 Statistical methods for use in proficiency testing by interlaboratory comparison;the results reported by the expert laboratories were used as the specified values of the qualitative parameters.SPSS 25.0 statistical software was used for data analysis.Results All the results of the crreepage distance and electrical clearance tests met the requirements for homogeneity and stability.Of the 46 laboratories involved in,37 ones did have comprehensive satisfactory determinations while the remained 9 ones not.Conclusion Some laboratories don't behave well in understanding the standard,which have to be reformed accordingly to enhance their proficiencies.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(10):54-59]

This study was aimed at summarizing the epidemiological characteristics and spatial-temporal changes of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS)in Hubei Province,China from 2005 to 2021,to provide scientific evi-dence for HFRS prevention and control.Data on individual HFRS cases and population information in Hubei Province from 2005 to 2021 were collected from the China Disease Pre-vention and Control Information System.The temporal,spa-tial,and demographic distribution characteristics of HFRS cases are described,and statistical methods such as medians,rates,and composition ratios were used for analysis.Joinpoint re-gression and Spearman's rank correlation were used to analyze the temporal trends in incidence rates or composition ratios.Global autocorrelation and hotspot analysis were conducted for spatial clustering analysis.Binary logistic regression was per-formed to analyze risk factors for HFRS mortality.A total of 5 790 HFRS cases were reported from 2005 to 2021,including 117 deaths.The average annual incidence rate was 0.57 per 100 000 population,and the case fatality rate was 2.02％.The overall incidence rate of HFRS in Hubei Province showed an increasing trend(AAPC=4.05％,95％CI:1.32％-6.78％),whereas the case fatality rate showed a decreasing trend over the years(r,=-0.72,P=0.002).HFRS exhibited a bimodal pattern,with peaks in the spring/summer months(May to July)and in the autumn/winter months(November to January of the following year).The incidence rate during the autumn/winter peak was slightly higher than that in the spring/summer peak.The incidence rate in males was higher than in females(RR=2.96,95％CI:2.79-3.14).The three age groups with the highest incidence rates were 60-64 years(747 cases,1.55 per 100 000),65-69 years(515 cases,1.39 per 100 000),and 55-59 years(762 cases,1.23 per 100 000).The incidence rate(2005:0.05 per 100 000;2021:0.08 per 100 000)and proportion(2005:2.69％;2021:1.94％)of HFRS cases in individuals 14 years or younger showed no significant trend over the years(AAPC=0.14％,95％CI:-0.03％-0.31％;AAPC=-3.64％,95％CI:-8.79％-1.50％).The incidence rate(2005:0.58 per 100 000;2021:1.59 per 100 000)and proportion(2005:14.80％;2021:44.31％)in the age group of 60 years or a-bove showed an increasing trend over the years(AAPC=10.52％,95％CI:4.38％-16.66％;AAPC=175.98％,95％CI:143.20％-208.75％).HFRS cases exhibited significant spatial clustering(P＜0.05).The hotspots of HFRS in Hubei Province shifted from the northern region(Xiangyang,Suizhou,Jingmen)in 2005-2007 to the southern region(Qianjiang,Xiantao,Tianmen,Jingzhou)in 2020-2021.Older age(OR=1.02,95％CI:1.01-1.04)and the period of 2005-2008 versus 2017-2021(OR=0.98,95％CI:0.97-0.99)were associated with relatively higher risk of HFRS mortality.In recent years,the HFRS epidemic in Hubei Province has continued to escalate,and areas such as Qianjiang City and other ares in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River have experienced high incidence rates.The population 60 years of age or above is gradually becoming more susceptible to the disease.Targeted measures should be implemented to curb the rising trend of HFRS.

Urban traffic is closely related to the daily life of the public,and air pollution in the traffic microenvironment has become a public health problem that cannot be ignored.This paper reviews the comparative studies of air pollutant exposure levels among different modes of transportation in multiple cities in China.By com-paring the exposure levels of pollutants among different modes of transportation,this paper provides a reference for protecting the health of the public in daily transportation and selecting targeted control measures.

OBJECTIVE: Clinical characteristics and outcome in COVID-19 with brucellosis patients has not been well demonstrated, we tried to analyze clinical outcome in local and literature COVID-19 cases with brucellosis before and after recovery. METHODS: We retrospectively collected hospitalization data of comorbid patients and prospectively followed up after discharge in Heilongjiang Infectious Disease Hospital from January 15, 2020 to April 29, 2022. Demographics, epidemiological, clinical symptoms, radiological and laboratory data, treatment medicines and outcomes, and follow up were analyzed, and findings of a systematic review were demonstrated. RESULTS: A total of four COVID-19 with brucellosis patients were included. One patient had active brucellosis before covid and 3 patients had nonactive brucellosis before brucellosis. The median age was 54.5 years, and all were males (100.0%). Two cases (50.0%) were moderate, and one was mild and asymptomatic, respectively. Three cases (75.0%) had at least one comorbidity (brucellosis excluded). All 4 patients were found in COVID-19 nucleic acid screening. Case C and D had only headache and fever on admission, respectively. Four cases were treated with Traditional Chinese medicine, western medicines for three cases, no adverse reaction occurred during hospitalization. All patients were cured and discharged. Moreover, one case (25.0%) had still active brucellosis without re-positive COVID-19, and other three cases (75.0%) have no symptoms of discomfort except one case fell fatigue and anxious during the follow-up period after recovery. Conducting the literature review, two similar cases have been reported in two case reports, and were both recovered, whereas, no data of follow up after recovery. CONCLUSION These cases indicate that COVID-19 patients with brucellosis had favorable outcome before and after recovery. More clinical studies should be conducted to confirm our findings.
Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Brucellosis ; COVID-19 ; Retrospective Studies ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Treatment Outcome ; Case Reports as Topic

Objective: To understand the epidemiological characteristics of tick-borne infectious diseases (TBID) and the risk factors of severe illness and death in Hubei Province from 2016 to 2021. Methods: Based on the incidence data of fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), tsutsugamushi disease, typhus and other TBID reported during 2016-2021, the epidemiological analysis was conducted. Field investigation results of TBID in areas with high incidence in 2021, logistic regression analysis of population characteristics, epidemiological history and other factors were used to explore the risk factors of severe and fatal cases. In the field vector investigation, free ticks and surface ticks of the host animals in the cases' home and surrounding grassland were monitored and detected. Results: A total of 3 826 TBID cases were reported in Hubei from 2016 to 2021, of which 71.30% (2 728/3 826) were SFTS, 13.04% (499/3 826) were tsutsugamushi disease and 15.66% (599/3 826) were typhus. A total of 44 cases died in 6 years; the fatality rate was 1.15% (44/3 826). In the peak seasons of incidence from May to July, the cases in people engaged in agriculture related work accounted for 84.61% (3 237/3 826). The incidence rate in women was higher than that in men, and the cases aged ≥50 years accounted for 81.02% of the total (3 100/3 826), and the incidence rate increased with age (P<0.001). The TBID cases were distributed in 86 counties and districts in 16 prefectures (municipality). The incidence rates of different areas had significant differences (P<0.05), and there was a certain spatial-temporal clustering and expasion. Bovis microplus and Haemaphysalis longicornis were captured in the field, and the positive rates in host animals and grassland ticks were 10.94% (7/64) and 40.00% (2/5), respectively. Univariate logistic regression analysis results showed that age ≥50 years and leukocyte <2.0×10⁹/L were risk factors for severe illness and death. Conclusions: The TBID reported in Hubei were mainly SFTS, tsutsugamushi disease and typhus. In order to reduce the incidence of TBID, it is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control in women aged ≥50 years and reduce field exposure and tick bites during the epidemic period.
Animals ; Female ; Typhus, Epidemic Louse-Borne ; Scrub Typhus/epidemiology* ; Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome ; Ticks ; Communicable Diseases ; Phlebovirus ; China/epidemiology* ; Tick-Borne Diseases/epidemiology*

Objective To explore the overall level,distribution characteristics,and differences in household fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) pollution caused by fuel burning in urban and rural areas in China. Methods The relevant articles published from 1991 to 2021 were retrieved and included in this study.The data including the average concentration of household PM_2.5 and urban and rural areas were extracted,and the stoves and fuel types were reclassified.The average concentration of PM_2.5 in different areas was calculated and analyzed by nonparametric test. Results The average household PM_2.5 concentration in China was (178.81±249.91) μg/m³.The mean household PM_2.5 concentration was higher in rural areas than in urban areas[(206.08±279.40) μg/m³ vs. (110.63±131.16) μg/m³;Z=-5.45,P<0.001] and higher in northern areas than in southern areas[(224.27±301.66) μg/m³ vs.(130.11±140.61) μg/m³;Z=-2.38,P=0.017].The north-south difference in household PM_2.5 concentration was more significant in rural areas than in urban areas[(324.19±367.94) μg/m³ vs.(141.20±151.05) μg/m³,χ²=-5.06,P<0.001].The PM_2.5 pollution level showed differences between urban and rural households using different fuel types (χ²=92.85,P<0.001),stove types (χ²=74.42,P<0.001),and whether they were heating (Z=-4.43,P<0.001).Specifically,rural households mainly used solid fuels (manure,charcoal,coal) and traditional or improved stoves,while urban households mainly used clean fuels (gas) and clean stoves.The PM_2.5 concentrations in heated households were higher than those in non-heated households in both rural and urban areas (Z=-4.43,P<0.001). Conclusions The household PM_2.5 pollution caused by fuel combustion in China remains a high level.The PM_2.5 concentration shows a significant difference between urban and rural households,and the PM_2.5 pollution is more serious in rural households.The difference in the household PM_2.5 concentration between urban and rural areas is more significant in northern China.PM_2.5 pollution in the households using solid fuel,traditional stoves,and heating is serious,and thus targeted measures should be taken to control PM_2.5 pollution in these households.
Humans ; Particulate Matter/analysis* ; Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis* ; Cooking ; Environmental Exposure/analysis* ; China ; Rural Population

Objective:To explore the feasibility of applying plasma with same blood group as kidney donor to ABO incompatible kidney transplantation(ABOi-KT)preconditioning of blood group O recipients with high-titer anti-A/B preformed antibody(IgM/IgG titer ≥1∶256).Methods:A total of 15 cases of blood group O ABOi-KT recipients with high-titer anti-A/B were recruited and divided into two groups of AB( n=8)and kidney donor's blood(KD, n=7)according to plasma type for plasma exchange during preconditioning phase. Clinical data of preconditioning and post-KT were recorded. Results:They received plasmapheresis(PP)(8.1±2.5)sessions in preconditioning phase, including double plasma filtration(DFPP)(4.0±1.4)sessions and plasma exchange(PE)(4.1±2.0)sessions, PP frequency was(0.8±0.1)sessions per day. No hemolysis reaction occurred during preconditioning phase. Anti-A/B titers declined as expected and fulfilled the ABOi-KT criteria(IgM/IgG titers ≤1∶8). KT was performed successfully without antibody-mediated rejection. All of them survived with normal renal function within 90 days post-KT. Levels of serum creatinine at Day 7/30/90 post-KT were(92.9±30.4), (96.2±25.9)and(103.1±28.4)μmol/L; anti-A/B IgM titers at Day 7/30/90 post-KT 1∶1-1∶32, 1∶1-1∶64 and 1∶1-1∶32; anti-A/B IgG titers at Day 7/30/90 post-KT 1∶1-1∶64, 1∶1-1∶64 and 1∶1-1∶32 respectively. No significant differences existed in count/frequency of PP sessions, levels of serum creatinine or anti-A/B titers at each observation point between AB and KD groups( P>0.05). Conclusions:Plasma with the same blood group as kidney donor is feasible for maximizing the intensity of ABOi-KT preconditioning. Favorable outcomes may be achieved through an intensified desensitization strategy on blood group O recipients with high-titer anti-A/B preformed antibody. The potential risks and long-term outcomes should be further explored.