The study was performed to clear the optimal frequency of jogging for the senior subject. The subject had run for 23 years, from 1971 to 1994. The distance of jogging was 5 km a day. It increased to 25 km during the 3 months immediately before the 17 th Honolulu Marathon. The electro cardiogram, and biochemical analysis of blood had been measured for 23 years. Annual total distance was 800±50 (mean±SD) km from 1971 to1984, and 300±20 km from 1985 to 1992. A decrease in the distance of jogging ws due to a change in the frequency of jogging from four times per week to one time per 5 days. Arrhythmia, an abnormal finding of blood biochemical analysis, and change in body weight were not observed after the decrease in frequency of jogging. It was suggested that the optimal froquency of jogging may be one time per 5 days for the present subject.

A study was performed to investigate the effects of exercise and Spirulina platensis (SPL) intake on the hapten specific immune response of growing mice.
Male BALB/C mice aged five weeks were divided into 6 groups : Group A was a control group given a normal diet ; group B, sedentary with a normal diet ; group C, exercise with a normal diet ; group D, control with SPL diet ; group E, sedentary with a SPL diet ; group F, exercise with a SPL diet. The mice in groups C and F were trained by swimming for about 30 min 4 times a week for 5 weeks. The SPL diet was a mixture of SPL (20%) and the normal diet (80%) . At 4 weeks after the experiment, the mice belonging to groups B, C, E and F were sensitized with 1% toluene-2, 4-diisocyanate (TDI) . Five days after sensitization, TDI was painted on the ears of the mice, and delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) was evaluated by measuring the ear thickness at 24 h later as an index. After this evaluation, the body weights of the mice, the weights of the thymus and spleen, and serum TDI-specific IgG antibody levels as an index of humoral immunity, were measured.
In the mormal diet groups, the highest DTH reaction was shown in the exercise group, followed by the sedentary group. On the other hand, the DTH reactions in the SPL diet groups were significantly suppressed in both the sedentary and exercise groups. However, a slightly higher DTH reaction was shown in the exercise group than in the sedentary group. Body weights of mice in the exercise groups receiving both the normal and SPL diets were suppressed in comparison with the control and sedentary groups. Although increased spleen weights were shown in all the sensitized groups, thymus weights in the 6 groups were not changed. TDI-specific IgG antibody levels were also not changed in any of the TDI sensitized groups.
From these results, the SPL diet seemed to effectively suppress the DTH reaction, and might be effective for treatment of various types of contact hypersensitivity which are currently the focus of clinical attention.

A study was performed to investigate the effects of exercise and Spirulina platensis (SPL) intake on the hapten specific immune response of growing mice.
Male BALB/C mice aged five weeks were divided into 6 groups : Group A was a control group given a normal diet ; group B, sedentary with a normal diet ; group C, exercise with a normal diet ; group D, control with SPL diet ; group E, sedentary with a SPL diet ; group F, exercise with a SPL diet. The mice in groups C and F were trained by swimming for about 30 min 4 times a week for 5 weeks. The SPL diet was a mixture of SPL (20%) and the normal diet (80%) . At 4 weeks after the experiment, the mice belonging to groups B, C, E and F were sensitized with 1% toluene-2, 4-diisocyanate (TDI) . Five days after sensitization, TDI was painted on the ears of the mice, and delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) was evaluated by measuring the ear thickness at 24 h later as an index. After this evaluation, the body weights of the mice, the weights of the thymus and spleen, and serum TDI-specific IgG antibody levels as an index of humoral immunity, were measured.
In the mormal diet groups, the highest DTH reaction was shown in the exercise group, followed by the sedentary group. On the other hand, the DTH reactions in the SPL diet groups were significantly suppressed in both the sedentary and exercise groups. However, a slightly higher DTH reaction was shown in the exercise group than in the sedentary group. Body weights of mice in the exercise groups receiving both the normal and SPL diets were suppressed in comparison with the control and sedentary groups. Although increased spleen weights were shown in all the sensitized groups, thymus weights in the 6 groups were not changed. TDI-specific IgG antibody levels were also not changed in any of the TDI sensitized groups.
From these results, the SPL diet seemed to effectively suppress the DTH reaction, and might be effective for treatment of various types of contact hypersensitivity which are currently the focus of clinical attention.

This study was performed to investigate the optimal frequency of jogging in order to prescribe a jogging to myself as the subject. The program of jogging training was composed of two parts; I) jogging about 4 km 4 days a week for 12.5 years (having started from age of 50 years old), and then stop jogging for about 6 weeks, and II) jogging once a 5 days for 1 year. Blood pressure, blood components and the frequency of arrhythmias appearance were measured and discussed.
After 4 years from starting jogging at age of 50 years old, ventricular premature contraction (VPC) was observed, and then after 10 years VPC, including multifocal VPC, couplets and 3 consecutive VPC was observed frequently, especially after jogging. Therefore, jogging was stopped for about 6 weeks. In 2 nd part of jogging, no arrhythmias appeared in jogging once a 5 days. The recordings of blood pressure and blood components were normal and exercise-induced stress by a low frequency of jogging didn't increase.
Consequently it should be suitable to prescribe a jogging once a 5 days to myself.

The inter of this study was to observe the effects of training on histochemical and biochemical properties in the skeletal muscle fibers.
Wistar strain albino rats were assigned to endurance (E), sprint (S) and control (C) group at 4 weeks old. Animals of trained groups were trained by treadmill for 12 weeks. After training, all animals were sacrificed and M. Soleus (SOL) and M. Extensor Digitorum Longus (EDL) were taken out.
Using histochemical staining methods for Hematoxylin and Eosin, Actomyosin ATPase and Succinate Dehydrogenase (SDH), area and composition of the three muscle fiber types were examined. Furthermore, the chemical properties of glycolytic and oxidative enzyme activities were examined.
The results obtained were as follows:
1. The E and S trained groups, respectivelly, showed lower increase of body weight than the control group.
2. Hypertrophy of all fiber types in EDL were observed in the both trained groups. Area of SO fibers in SOL were also increased in the E group as compared to the C group.
3. The differences observed for fiber composition among the three groups. The rate of FOG fiber in SOL decreased significantly in the both trained groups as compared to the C group. The rate of SO fiber in both muscles were slightly higer for the E group relative to the C Group, but these differences were no significant. However, in the E group significant increase was observed for oxidative enzyme activity. The Phosphofructo-kinase activity in EDL of the S group was significantly higher in comparison to the other groups.
These results suggested that there is the discrepancy between histochemical proper-ties and biochemical properties in the effects of training on skeletal muscle fibers and that the necessity of histochemical and biochemical analysis.

This study was performed to investigate the exercise-induced stress in growing state in order to prevent the death during or after exercise. Thirty eight male and female subjects in junior high school were administered 5 minutes running test for 3 succesive years. Heart rate, blood pressure, electrocardiogram, and blood biochemical components were measured before and after 5 minutes running test. Prior to 5 minutes running test the investigation of the number of food intake and total steps a day were performed. The results obtained were as follows;
1) After 5 minutes running test, the subjects who had larger increment in CK-MB/ CK ratio walked fewer steps a day and had fewer number of food intake. And they had more drinks, especially juices.
2) In female subjects an excess of body fat was not a risk factor, but not in male subjects.
3) The subjects, who had larger increment in body fat than in body weight, tended to become higher levels in blood pressure and heart rate in resting than others.
4) The subjects, who walked more longer in 2 nd grade than 1 st grade in junior high school, tended to decrease the increment of heart rate before to immediately after 5 minutes running test.
5) Blood biochemical components were normal even if electrocardiogram was abnormal.
6) At 24 hours after 5 minutes running test, CK-MB/CK ratio and serum lipoperoxide levels increased and serum protein and albumin levels defreased in 3 rd grade in junior high school.
Consequently in order to prevent the death during or after exercise the investigation of food intake, total steps a day, and body fat must be administered before exercise sufficiently. And then electrocardiogram and blood biochemical components, especially CK-MB activity must be checked before, during, and after exercise testing.

The present study was performed to investigate the effects of 120 km walking, 40 km a day for 3 successive days on the condition that taking rest and foods freely, upon physical functions for healthy male and female subjects. All measurements were enforced at postabsorptive state early in the morning for the 10 successive days including the days of walking. Blood pressure, heart rate, and body weight were measured every morning. Blood samplings enforced, too. Urine collections were enforced from first day to 7 th day. The results obtained were as follows;
1) There were no changes in heart rate, blood pressure, and body weight, which were measured early in the morning, before and after 120 km walking.
2) Serum GOT and GPT activities had little changes, while serum LDH, α-HBDH, and CK activities increased gradually after walking.
3) Serum CK-MB activities, which indicate myocardial injury, increased after walking, on the contrary CK-MB/CK ratio decreased. It was suggested that effects of 120km walking to myocardium were rather than slight ones.
4) In spite of the same sorce in which serum CK-MB and LDH-1 were resulted, both did'nt exhibit same patterns in serum.
5) Serum lipids decreased gradually after walking.
6) Urinary excretion of creatinine and uric acid increased after 120km walking especially.
7) If it is allowed to take sufficient foods and rest, 120km walking, 40km a day for 3 successive days, would not result in such a physical stress over the following days.

Effects of taurine on the functions of the body and metabolism with 3km running upon taking a diet, which is constituted of lowest possible amount of carbohydrate and highest possible amount of fat and protein, were investigated in 25 male and female subjects of age thirties by double blind test method. The results were as follows
1) Taurine administration (T. A.) proved to inhibit the degree of increase in heart rate and increase the maximal degree of pulse pressure in response to 3 km running.
2) T. A. proved to inhibit the degree of increase in serum creatine kinase isozyme MB (CK-MB) activities and CK-MB/CK ratio.
3) T. A. proved to inhibit the decrease of serum total protein values immediately before running and in the following morning. Similar trends in terms of the particuler times were observed, too, in the case of the degree of decrease of serum triglycerides values.
4) T. A. seemed to accelerate the utilization of saturated fatty acids especially.
5) Three kilometer running seemed to increase in serum taurine concentrations from several hours after running to the morning immediately after running.

Effects of 5 km running upon taking a low-carbohydrate, high-fat and protein diet on the body, in fourteen healthy young males and three healthy young females, all being affected by taurine inducement, were investigated by double blind test method. The results obtained were as follows ;
1) As to the degree of in heart rate upon 5 km running, in males, there were no differences between taurine administration group (M-group) and placebo administration group (P-group) . But in females, recordings in P-group were much larger than those of M-group.
2) As to the degree of increase in systolic blood pressure upon 5 km running, in males, no differences between both groups were observed, but in females, recordings in P-group were larger than those of M-group.
3) Both serum creatine kinase (CK) and creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) activities did not recover to pre-exercise levels during 3 days after 5 km running in both groups of both sexes.
4) In the rate of CK-MB against CK, not only P-group of females had extraordinary high levels immediately after 5 km running, but also P-group of both sexes had higher levels on 3rd and 5th day after 5 km runnning than M-group.
5) In both sexes P-group was larger than M-group in the degree of increase in blood lactate and serum triglyceride levels.
6) As to the changes in serum total protein levels, in males, no differences between both groups were observed, but in females, P-group had extraordinary low levels on 1st day after 5 km running and maintained low levels during 5 days recovery.
7) As to the changes in both serum total fatty acids levels and the rate of unsaturated fatty acids against total fatty acids, no differences were observed between both groups of both sexes.
8) As to the degree of increase in plasma noradrenalin and adrenalin levels, in males, no differences between both groups were observed, but in females, recordings in M-group were larger than those of P-group.

Effects of sit-up exercise in the healthy adults to the point of exhaustion on the respiratory-circulatory functions and oxygen consumption were studied in thirtyone males and thirtysix females whose age varied between twenty and thirtyf our years old. The subjects were classified into two groups, the superior and the inferior, according to the number of sit-ups to reach the exhaustion point. Collected vallues were compared between the pre-exercise and the post-exercise records. The results were as follows ;
1) No sex differences in the inferior group were found in the degree of increase in systolic pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate.
2) In the superior group, no sex difference was found in the degree of increase in respiration rate, but male subjects were greater than female subjects in the degree of increase in both systolic pressure and heart rate.
3) In males, when the superior subjects were compared with the inferior subjects, the former were greater than the latter in the degree of increase in both systolic pressure and heart rate, but in females no differences were found.
4) In males the more the degree of increase in blood pressure, the more the degree of increase in heart rate. In contrast with males, in females there were no relation between them were observed.
5) It was recognized that relative metabolic rate varied in values from 4.7-13.5 and there was a tendency among the inferior subjects to have a large relative metabolic rate.