Splenic pseudoaneurysm rupture is a serious condition that sometimes leads to death. Pseudoaneurysm rupture is often treated with transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE), after which the re-rupture rate is 18%–37%. A 59-year-old man presented with back pain, and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) revealed pancreatic tail cancer with multiple liver metastases. After three courses of chemotherapy, CECT revealed good response with shrinkage of the tumors. However, the patient had back pain and CECT revealed pancreatic pseudocyst with pseudoaneurysm rupture. He underwent angiography, wherein the splenic artery pseudoaneurysm was embolized using TAE. Subsequently, pseudocyst drainage was performed using lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS) to prevent pseudoaneurysm re-rupture. Thereafter, the pseudocyst shrieked with decreased serum levels of C-reactive protein, allowing the patient to re-institute chemotherapy. Pseudocyst drainage using LAMS was safe and effective when the pancreatic pseudoaneurysm had a high-risk rebleeding due to exposure to pancreatic juice.

Splenic pseudoaneurysm rupture is a serious condition that sometimes leads to death. Pseudoaneurysm rupture is often treated with transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE), after which the re-rupture rate is 18%–37%. A 59-year-old man presented with back pain, and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) revealed pancreatic tail cancer with multiple liver metastases. After three courses of chemotherapy, CECT revealed good response with shrinkage of the tumors. However, the patient had back pain and CECT revealed pancreatic pseudocyst with pseudoaneurysm rupture. He underwent angiography, wherein the splenic artery pseudoaneurysm was embolized using TAE. Subsequently, pseudocyst drainage was performed using lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS) to prevent pseudoaneurysm re-rupture. Thereafter, the pseudocyst shrieked with decreased serum levels of C-reactive protein, allowing the patient to re-institute chemotherapy. Pseudocyst drainage using LAMS was safe and effective when the pancreatic pseudoaneurysm had a high-risk rebleeding due to exposure to pancreatic juice.

Splenic pseudoaneurysm rupture is a serious condition that sometimes leads to death. Pseudoaneurysm rupture is often treated with transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE), after which the re-rupture rate is 18%–37%. A 59-year-old man presented with back pain, and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) revealed pancreatic tail cancer with multiple liver metastases. After three courses of chemotherapy, CECT revealed good response with shrinkage of the tumors. However, the patient had back pain and CECT revealed pancreatic pseudocyst with pseudoaneurysm rupture. He underwent angiography, wherein the splenic artery pseudoaneurysm was embolized using TAE. Subsequently, pseudocyst drainage was performed using lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS) to prevent pseudoaneurysm re-rupture. Thereafter, the pseudocyst shrieked with decreased serum levels of C-reactive protein, allowing the patient to re-institute chemotherapy. Pseudocyst drainage using LAMS was safe and effective when the pancreatic pseudoaneurysm had a high-risk rebleeding due to exposure to pancreatic juice.

A 79-year-old woman, who had undergone mitral valve replacement with a Björk-Shiley valve 16 years previously, was transferred to our institute due to active prosthetic valve infection associated with severe heart failure on respirator. On admission, her white blood cells and c-reactive protein (CRP) were elevated to 15,700/µl and 7.29 mg/dl, respectively, and she had anemia (hemoglobine 8.1 g/dl), thrombocytopenia (platelets 75,000/µl), and renal dysfunction (blood urea nitrogen 57 mg/dl, creatinine 1.8 mg/dl, estimated glomerular filtration rate 21.5 ml/min/1.73 m²). Her brain natriuretic peptide was elevated to 456.7 pg/dl. Blood culture revealed bacteremia with Streptococcus agalactiae. Though CT scan revealed cerebellum infarction, we decided to perform emergency surgery because of uncontrollable infection and heart failure, even with massive infusion of catecholamine and respiratory support. At surgery, huge vegetation proliferated over the prosthetic valve. The prosthetic valve was detached from approximately two-thirds of the annulus due to an annular abscess. The infected annulus was resected aggressively. Mitral annulus was reconstructed and reinforced with a bovine pericardial patch, and the bioprosthetic valve of 23 mm in size was implanted in an intra-annular position. In the postoperative phase, antibiotics (ampicillin, gentamicin) was given, and CRP became negative 47 days postoperatively, and the patient discharged from the hospital 56 days after the operation.

A study was conducted to assess gender differences of body fat distribution (i. e., total body fat mass, subcutaneous fat mass, and internal fat mass) in a homogeneous group of Japanese children. Body composition was estimated in 141 boys and 139 girls (aged 3-6 yr) using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) . All subjects were apparently healthy. Determinations of impedance were made using a four-terminal impedance analyzer (TP-95 K, Toyo Physical, Inc., Fukuoka) . The lean body mass (LBM) was calculated using the equation of Kushuner et al. (1992) and Goran et al. (1993) . Total body fat mass (TFM) was calculated as the difference between body weight and LBM. The subcutaneous fat mass (SFM) was calculated using a modification of the equation derived by Skerjl et al. (1953) . The internal fat mass (IFM) was calculated as the difference between TFM and SFM. From ages 3 through 6 years, the mean LBM increased with age in boys and girls, but showed no significant gender differences. There were also no obvious gender differences in TFM and IFM within the same age range. Percentage body fat decreased in both sexes until the age of approximately 5-yr, and then increased again slightly at 6 yr, although it showed no significant differences between the sexes. The gender-specific pattern of fat accumulation during childhood was characterized by an almost steady increase of SFM in girls. These differences were independent of gender differences in physical characteristics.

A training experiment was carried out to investigate the difference in training effects between power-up type and bulk-up type strength training exercises from the aspects of muscle histochemical properties and capillary supply. The subjects were eleven healthy males. The power-up type group (five males) performed knee extension exercise for 5 sets at 90% of 1 RM (one repetition maximum) with a 3-min rest between sets (repetition method) . The bulk-up type group (six males) performed the same exercise for 9 sets at 80-40% of 1RM with a 30-s or 3-min rest between sets (interval method, multi-poundage system) . Both programs were carried out twice a week for 8 weeks.
The main results were as follows ;
1. Percentages of fiber types showed no recognizable changes in either group.
2. Fiber area was significantly increased for all fiber types (Type I, Type IIA, Type JIB) in both groups. However, the rate of increase was greatest for type IIA fiber, followed by type JIB fiber and then type I fiber. Moreover, the rate of increase for all fiber types in the bulk-up group was higher than that in the power-up group.
3. Percentage of fiber area showed no recognizable changes for any fiber types in the powerup group. However, the percentage area of type II fibers, especially type IIB fiber, was significantly decreased in the bulk-up group.
4. CC (Type I), CC (Type IIA) and CC (Type IIB) (number of capillaries in contact with each fiber type) were significantly increased in both groups. However, in comparison with CC (Type I), CC (Type IIA · Type IIB) showed a higher rate of increase in the power-up group. On the other hand, in comparison with CC (Type IIA · Type JIB), CC (Type I) showed a higher rate of increase in the bulk-up group. Also, compared with the power-up group, the bulk-up group showed a signifi-cantly higher rate of increase of CC (Type I) .
5. C/Fiber area (Type I), C/Fiber area (Type IIA) and C/Fiber area (Type IIB) (number of capillaries supplying each fiber area) were decreased in both groups.
The above results show that power-up type exercise leads mainly to hypertrophy of type I, type IIA and type IIB fibers without any change in percentage fiber type or percentage fiber area, whereas bulk-up type exercise leads mainly to hypertrophy of each fiber type with decreases in percentage area of type II fibers, especially type JIB fiber. Also, power-up type exercise leads mainly to an increase in the number of capillaries around type II fibers, whereas bulk-up type exercise leads mainly to an increase in the number of capillaries around type I fiber. However, capillary development around all fiber types did not necessary coincide with muscle hypertrophy in either exercise.
The authors reported previously that power-up type exercise is effective mainly for improving muscular strength and anaerobic power, whereas bulk-up type exercise is effective mainly for induc. ing hypertrophy and anaerobic endurance. The results of this study may help to clarify these effects from the viewpoint of the adaptations of muscle fibers and the capillary supply.

To examine the variation in the knee extension force and the integrated electromyogram from rectus femoris, medial vastus and lateral vastus muscles with the knee joint angle in growing children, measurements were conducted in 61 school boys aged from 7 to 12 years old. Anthropometric measurements were also done on the body height, the lower limb length, and so on. Results obtained were as follows.
1) Ratio of the lower limb length comparing with the body height increased with the grade.
2) Maximal force at each joint angle in each grade was shifted peak from 70°to 90°with the grade.
3) The pattern of the integrated surface electromyogram from rectus femoris, medial vastus or lateral vastus muscle at each joint angle was the same in all of the grade. The integrated electromyogram at the maximal voluntary contraction was maximal at 45°of the knee joint angle in the rectus femoris muscle, at 110°in the medial vastus and at 90°in the lateral vastus muscle.

A compalative study of maximal aerobic power (MAP) with special reference to age were carried out as a basic study for determing the optimal physical load for successful living in modern society or in future ages. 169 males who have a sedentary living style profoundly affected by the motorization, 10-69 years of age, in suburban district of Fukuoka City (JAPAN) and 54 males who have a natural living style, 16-55 years of age, in rural districts of Nepal were selected as subjects. Measurement of MAP was made indirectly following to the method of Margaria et al.. Each subject were given two different intensity step up and down exercises, and MAP was calculated from heart rates immediately after exercises and individual's estimated maximal heart rate. % Fat was estimated from skinfold thickness according to the method of Nagamine.
Statistically significant correlations were found both of Japanese group (r= -0.554, P<0.001) and Nepalese group (r=0.561, P<0.001), and each regression equation etween MAP (ml/kg/min) and Age (yr) were as follows :
MAP=-0.350 Age +52.121 in the case of Japanese group.
MAP=-0.446 Age +63.395 in the case of Nepalese group.
However, difference of the regression coefficient was not significant.
Mean MAP per kilogram of body weight or per kilogram of lean body mass of every Japanese age groups wese lower than those of Nepalese groups with coincidental age, respectively. Generally, it is said that the socio-economical condition of Nepal today is a similar to that of Japan in the Meiji era. Therefore, it may be considered that modernization or urbanization have lowerd the system of Japanese people.
According to the review of literatures concerning to the living style and MAP in a evolutional and comparative point of view, it may be considerd that human races have maintained the relatively high MAP like Nepalese group today. Therefore, it is said conclusionally that the maintenance of mean MAP like Nepalese group is desirable in modern society or in future ages to prevent the degeneration of functions attributing the new health problem of modern society.

In order to examine the personal space perception, measurements were conducted on both elbows in 14 men and 46 women. Each subject, with his (or her) eyes closed and with his upper arm fixed horizontally, was instructed to stop the vertical and horizontal swing motion of his lower arm at the point he considered to be the middle of the range of possible motion on the front and side of plane at his shoulder, and this was repeated ten times. In various conditions, similar measurements were also done to study factors affecting the personal space perception in 14 men.
Mean values of bisected angles in percentage against range of motion were deviated from the middle points in the direction of the elbow extension, although there were large differences between the individuals. The deviation was smallest in the vertical. side of plane, and was larger in the horizontal plane than that in the vertical plane. The deviation was not so much affected by the various conditions.
It was suggested that the gain of the personal space perception is higher in the elbow extension than in the elbow flexion and its difference is larger in the horizontal plane than in vertical plane of the human elbow joint.

To examine the personal space perception, measurements were conducted on both arms in 227 young men and women. Each subject, with his eyes closed, was instructed to stop the horizontal swing motion of his arm at the point he considered to be the middle of the range of possible motion on the horizontal plane, and this was repeated ten times.
Mean values of bisected angles were deviated from the middle points in the direction of the horizontal adduction, although there were large differences between the individuals. The deviation was larger in the right arms than that in the left, and it increased with the increasing range of motion of the horizontal abduction.
It was suggested that the gain of the personal space perception is higher in front of the body than in the side on the horizontal plane of the human shoulder.