This article summarizes the development of lateral flow immunoassay for SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection. Lateral flow immunoassay is a rapid, low cost, and ease of use detection tool that has been widely applied in clinical and public health sectors. Since the outbreak of COVID-19, the technique has been adopted for rapid antigen diagnostic test of SARS-CoV-2, including commonly used colloidal gold nanoparticle-based lateral flow immunoassays as well as various fluorescence-based lateral flow immunoassays. With innovations in labelling methods, this detection technique has been in continuous development and is shifting from qualitative toward quantitative as well as gaining sensitivity.

The development of intravital microscopy (IVM) has enabled researchers to perform in-situ, real-time observations of pulmonary micro-circulation at the cellular level, and has become instrumental for researching the immune micro-environment of pulmonary diseases. This article introduces the developments in constructing the pulmonary imaging window and summarizes the current light microscopy techniques used for lung IVM with regard to its relevant functional and application features, which includes wide field fluorescence microscopy, confocal microscopy, as well as two-photon microscopy. It then provides examples of IVM of pulmonary immune response in inflammation and infection in murine models, and finally specifies the technological limitations to provide reference for researchers to systematically learn and understand the technology.

Objective:To study the effect of ultrasound guided transabdominal plane block (TAPB) on postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in obese patients after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) .Methods:From Jan. 2017 to Jan. 2022, 285 patients who underwent LSG surgery in the Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital were selected and randomly divided into two groups, including 145 patients in TAPB group and 140 patients in the control group (The TAPB group was injected with ropivacaine; the control group injected with physiological saline) . Data between TAPB group and control group were compared, including operation related data, postoperative acute pain assessment, and postoperative recovery assessment.Results:There was no significant difference between the two groups in ASA grading, operation duration, awakening time, extubation time or intraoperative hemodynamic index. The dosage of remifentanil [ (2.0±0.6) vs (2.9±0.9) mg], sufentanil [ (24.7±2.5) vs (50.0±3.2) μg], and dexmedetomidine [ (60.0±0.4) vs (65.0±0.5) μg] in TAPB group was significantly reduced compared with that in the control group, and there was no significant difference in the dosage of propofol. The VAS score and NRS score of resting state and motor state in TAPB group at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 h after operation were significantly lower than those in the control group. In TAPB group, the first use time of PCIA [ (2.0±0.8) vs (1.1±0.9) h] was significantly prolonged, the number of effective pressing of PCIA (3±1 vs 5±2) within 48 hours and the incidence of rescue analgesia in wards (19.3 % vs 31.4 %) were significantly lower than those in the control group. The frequency (3.0±1.5 vs 3.6±1.8) and severity (2.8±1.4 vs 3.4±1.8) of PONV and the incidence of additional antiemetic drugs (15.9 % vs 27.9 %) in TAPB group were significantly lower than those in the control group. The ambulation time [ (1.4±0.3) vs (1.5±0.3) h] and exhaust time [ (1.2±0.9) vs (1.4±1.0) h] in TAPB group was significantly earlier than those in the control group. There was no significant difference in postoperative length of hospitalization.Conclusion:TAPB for LSG can significantly reduce postoperative pain and PONV, reduce the use of opioid analgesics and antiemetics, and promote recovery of patients.

Objective:To analyze the effect of microRNA-506 (miR-506) on M2 macrophages polarization and immune intervention in pancreatic cancer mice.Methods:Macrophages from peripheral blood of healthy volunteers were cultured in vitro, polarized into M1 or M2 type macrophages, and transfected with miR-506 or control sequence (miR-ctrl), respectively. Polarized macrophages from M1+ miR-ctrl group, M1+ miR-506 group, M2+ miR-ctrl group and M2+ miR-506 group were collected. The relative expression of marker genes of M1 and M2 type macrophages of four groups were analyzed by qRT-PCR. The characteristic functions of M1 and M2 type macrophages of four groups were also detected, such as phagocytosis and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis (characteristic function of M1 type macrophages), arginase 1 activity and the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), interleukin-10 (IL-10) (characteristic function of M2 type macrophages). Sixty healthy male C57BL/6 mice without specific pathogen, weighing 20-25 g, were randomly divided into miR-ctrl programmed death-1 (PD-1) group, miR-506 PD-1 group, miR-ctrl iso group, and miR-506 iso group. They were injected with miR-506, miR-ctrl, PD-1 antibodies, and isotype control antibodies, with 15 in each group. The tumor volume, tumor weight, Ki-67 and interferon γ expression were analyzed three weeks later. Results:Compared with M2+ miR-ctrl group, the relative expression of M1 type macrophage marker genes increased, and the relative expression of M2 type macrophage marker genes decreased in M2+ miR-506 group, with significant difference (all P<0.05). Compared with M2+ miR-ctrl group, the phagocytic function and NO synthesis of macrophages in M2+ miR-506 group increased, the activity of arginase 1 and the secretion of VEGF, TGF-β and IL-10 decreased, with significant difference (all P<0.05). There was no significant differences in tumor weight, volume, Ki-67, and interferon γ expression between miR-ctrl iso and miR-ctrl PD-1 group (all P>0.05). The tumor weight, tumor volume and Ki-67 in miR-506 PD-1 group were lower than those in miR-ctrl PD-1 group [(0.32±0.13) g vs (0.85±0.24) g; (0.72±0.23) cm 3 vs (2.03±0.21) cm 3; (25.9±10.3)% vs (55.6±12.5)%], while interferon-γ expression was significantly higher than that in miR-ctrl PD-1 group [(122.4±15.3) ng/g vs (82.4±22.2) ng/g] (all P<0.05). Conclusion:miR-506 inhibits the polarization of M2 macrophages and increases the anti PD-1 immunotherapy sensitivity in pancreatic cancer.

This paper reviews the research progress on live-cell super-resolution fluorescence microscopy, discusses the current research status and hotspots in this field, and summarizes the technological application of super-resolution fluorescence microscopy for live-cell imaging. To date, this field has gained progress in numerous aspects. Specifically, the structured illumination microscopy, stimulated emission depletion microscopy, and the recently introduced minimal photon fluxes microscopy are the current research hotspots. According to the current progress in this field, future development trend is likely to be largely driven by artificial intelligence as well as advances in fluorescent probes and relevant labelling methods.
Artificial Intelligence ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Technology

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors for neoadjuvant treatment of bladder cancer， and to provide evidence-based reference for clinical treatment. METHODS Retrieved from PubMed， Cochrane Library， Embase， American Society of Clinical Oncology Meeting Library， CNKI， VIP and Wanfang database， etc.， the randomized controlled trials （RCTs）， non-RCT， case-control studies， cohort studies， etc. about PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors for neoadjuvant treatment of bladder cancer were collected from the inception to Jan 31st， 2023. After literature screening， data extraction and quality evaluation， RevMan 5.3 software was used to perform meta-analysis of single-group rates； sensitivity analysis and publication bias analysis were conducted using Stata12 software. RESULTS A total of 25 studies were included in this discussion， involving 940 patients. The results of meta-analysis showed that the pathologic complete response （pCR） rate was 32% [OR＝0.32， 95%CI （0.22， 0.45）， P＝0.006]， downstaging rate was 52% [OR＝0.52， 95%CI （0.45， 0.60）， P＝0.55]， and the incidence of ≥grade 3 immune-related adverse events （irAEs） was 16% [OR＝0.16， 95%CI （0.11， 0.22）， P＜0.000 01]. Subgroup analysis showed that the patients receiving PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors alone had a pCR rate of 25% and a incidence of Grade≥3 irAEs of 9%； the patients receiving combined immunotherapy had a pCR rate of 29% and a incidence of Grade≥3 irAEs of 28%； the patients receiving PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy had a pCR rate of 43% and a incidence of Grade≥3 irAEs of 12%； PD-L1 positive patients had a pCR rate of 44%， and PD-L1 negative patients had a pCR rate of 25%. The results of the sensitivity analysis showed that the study was robust. The results of the publication bias analysis showed that there was no significant publication bias. CONCLUSIONS PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors are effective and safe for adjuvant treatment of bladder cancer.

Objective:To explore the clinical effect of radial extracorporeal shockwave therapy on delayed union of forearm fractures in children with ultrasonic guidance.Methods:A retrospective analysis of information on 18 children with delayed forearm fracture union who received ultrasonic guided extracorporeal shockwave therapy from February 2018 to June 2019 was conducted. Among them, there were 14 males and 4 females; Age: 9.44±3.75 years (range, 3-15 years); All the children were closed forearm fractures, including 13 cases of ulna and 5 cases of radius. Initial fixation methods: intramedullary nails fixation in 8 cases, Kirschner wire fixation in 4 cases, steel plate fixation in 2 cases, external fixation in 2 cases, conservative treatment in 2 cases; The classification of fracture nonunion were: 14 cases of hypertrophy, 4 cases of atrophy; The course of disease was 4.0 (3.0, 6.0) months. The front and lateral X-ray films of the affected side forearm were taken before treatment, 3 months and 6 months after treatment. The scores of callus condition were performed using Lane-Sandhu X-ray scoring standard and Fernandez-Esteve X-ray evaluation standard of callus grade.Results:All children completed treatment and were followed up for 6 months. The bone healing standard was the disappearance of the fracture line shown by anterior and lateral X-ray films. Within 6 months after treatment, 11 patients got bone union. The healing rate was 61.11% (11/18). The average of Lane-Sandhu X-ray scores before treatment, 3 months and 6 months after treatment were 3.0 (1.0, 4.0), 6.0 (4.0, 8.0) and 10.0 (5.0, 12.0), respectively, there were statistically significant differences in pairwise comparisons at each time point. And the average scores of Fernandez-Esteve X-ray evaluation standard for callus grade were 1.0 (1.0, 2.0), 3.0 (2.0, 4.0), and 4.0 (3.0, 4.0), respectively, there were statistically significant differences from 3 months and 6 months after treatment to preoperative group, while there was no statistically significant difference between 3 months and 6 months after treatment. The mixed effects model analysis results showed that only the Lane Sandhu X-ray score and Fernandez Esteve X-ray standard score of callus grade at different follow-up time points were significantly different. There was no statistically significant difference in age, gender, number of shockwave treatments and interval time from the first treatment after the initial fixation.Conclusion:The radial extracorporeal shockwave therapy can effectively treat the delayed healing of forearm fractures in children; the X-ray score has been significantly improved. The treatment is highly accepted by children and their parents, and can be used as one of the methods to treat delayed healing of fractures in children in the future.

In addition to the typical respiratory symptoms, COVID-19 patients present with clinical manifestations of cardiovascular system damage, and they are at higher risk of intensive care or mortality. The mechanism of COVID-19's impact on the cardiovascular system is still unclear, therefore we need to pay close attention to it. Based on the existing research, this paper focused on the concurrent characteristics of the cardiovascular system diseases, summarized the possible mechanisms of cardiovascular system damage, including the coronavirus invaders directly into cardiomyocytes and its conduction system, with complications or accompanying conditions such as cytokine storm, imbalance of oxygen supply and demand, drug influence, stress and other damage to cardiovascular system. Meanwhile, current clinical manifestations and treatment methods of COVID-19 were summarized.

Objective    To reveal and demonstrate the hotspots and further research directions in screening technology for early lung cancer, and provide references for the future studies. Methods    Researches related to lung cancer screening from 2011 to 2021 in the Web of Science database were included. Biblioshiny, a bibliometrics program based on R language, was used to perform content analysis and visualization of the included literature information. Results    Researches related to lung cancer screening were increasing year by year. Six major cooperation groups were formed between countries. The current research hotspots in the field of early lung cancer screening technology mainly focused on the multi-directional fusion of radiographic imaging, liquid biopsy and artificial intelligence. Conclusion    Low-dose spiral CT screening is still the most important and mainstream method for the screening of early lung cancer at present. The combination and integration of artificial intelligence with various screening methods and the innovation of novel testing and diagnostic equipment are the current research hotspots and the future research trend in this field.

Objective    To investigate the job satisfaction, emotional state and related factors of medical staff participating in online consultation of West China Internet Hospital during the COVID-19 epidemic. Methods    Through literature review and expert consultation (Delphi method), the questionnaire was developed, and the online consulting medical staff of West China Hospital of Sichuan University were invited to conduct the questionnaire survey from 26 January to 19 June 2020, and finally the statistical analysis was summarized. Results    A total of 132 valid questionnaires were retrieved. Of the 132 subjects, 127 people (96.2%) expressed satisfaction or special satisfaction with the online consulting office format; 103 respondents (78.0%) said that online consulting did not affect or completely did not affect the work and life; 81 people (61.4%) consulted online more than 5 days a week, and 108 people (81.8%) worked within 2 hours a day; the vast majority (97.7%) of the research subjects were satisfied with the content of the training materials and the related support work of the coordination group. Only 29 (22.0%) of the study participants believed that the epidemic caused negative emotions, mainly due to the severity of the epidemic. Conclusion    The online consulting medical staff are satisfied with the office form, training materials and coordination work group of the COVID-19 epidemic, and think that it does not affect their work and life. 22.0% of medical staff have negative emotions, and the severity of the epidemic is   the main reason.