Objective The long-term epidemiological and etiological characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Huai’an, Jiangsu were analyzed to provide scientific evidence for the prevention of HFMD. Methods The data of HFMD reports, etiological diagnosis and in Huai’an from 2009 to 2022 were described and analyzed. Results A total of 78 535 cases were reported from 2009 to 2022 , with 14-year average annual incidence rate of 114.71/100 000. Before 2020, the incidence rate of HFMD in Huai’an showed the epidemic intensity increased every other year on the whole, and the average annual incidence rate during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2022) (55.69/100 000) was significantly lower than that in previous years (2009-2019) (129.95/100 000). The joinpoint regression analysis showed that the best fitting model from 2009 to 2022 had no joinpoints, APC=AAPC=-1.24%. The overall trend showed a monotonously decreasing trend, but the trend was not statistically significant. The male-to-female distribution ratio was 1.53:1, and the age distribution was mainly under 5 years old, especially in scattered children. The epidemic season was from April to July. The results of etiological surveillance showed that the co-epidemic of Coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) and Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) during the early stages had changed to the co-epidemic of CV-A16 and CV-A6 in the current period. Conclusion The burden of HFMD in Huai’an was large, and the epidemic intensity increased every other year was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The epidemiological features after the COVID-19 pandemic should be further monitored.

Objective:To describe the prevalence of food allergy among children aged 0-5 years in China and to explore related influencing factors.Methods:Multistage stratified random sampling method was used to collect data from 275 surveillance sites of the China National Nutrition and Health Survey of Chinese children and lactating mothers programs in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) of China in 2016-2017. A total of 70 107 participants aged 0-5 years were included in this study. The study collected information of participants' demographic characteristics and food allergies by face-to-face questionnaire. The prevalence of food allergy was analyzed, using the complex data weighting method. The logistic regression models were used to analyze the influencing factors related to food allergy.Results:The overall prevalence of self-reported food allergy among children aged 0-5 years was 4.81%. Prevalence rates in infants aged 0-5 months, and 6-23 months and preschool children aged 2-5 years were 0.81%, 4.68% and 5.26%, respectively. The results of logistic analysis showed that there was a significantly positive correlation between factors including children from 6 months to 5 years old, urban area, southwest area, first-born, mothers with college education or above, and the prevalence of food allergy in children. Shrimp, poultry eggs, crab shellfish, fruit, milk and fish appeared the common allergic foods in children aged 0-5 years, with prevalence rates of self-reported food allergy as 1.55%, 1.25%, 0.99%, 0.97%, 0.87% and 0.86%, respectively. The proportion of single food allergy in children with allergies was 69.85%.Conclusions:Among children aged 0-5 years, the prevalence of self-reported food allergy increases with age, in China. Foods that is prone to allergies include fish, shrimp, crab, shellfish, poultry eggs, milk and fruits, etc. Most allergies were only caused by single food in children, under observation.

Hair loss affects millions of people at some time in their life, and safe and efficient treatments for hair loss are a significant unmet medical need. We report that topical delivery of quercetin (Que) stimulates resting hair follicles to grow with rapid follicular keratinocyte proliferation and replenishes perifollicular microvasculature in mice. We construct dynamic single-cell transcriptome landscape over the course of hair regrowth and find that Que treatment stimulates the differentiation trajectory in the hair follicles and induces an angiogenic signature in dermal endothelial cells by activating HIF-1α in endothelial cells. Skin administration of a HIF-1α agonist partially recapitulates the pro-angiogenesis and hair-growing effects of Que. Together, these findings provide a molecular understanding for the efficacy of Que in hair regrowth, which underscores the translational potential of targeting the hair follicle niche as a strategy for regenerative medicine, and suggest a route of pharmacological intervention that may promote hair regrowth.
Mice ; Animals ; Quercetin/pharmacology* ; Endothelial Cells ; Hair ; Hair Follicle ; Alopecia

Objective:To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of hospitalized children with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-associated acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI), and to analyzed the risk factors for severe infection.Methods:The epidemiological and clinical data of hospitalized children with ALRTI and positive RSV test from Children′s Hospital of Fudan University from January 2013 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.The hospitalized children from October 2016 to November 2017 were selected by random singular sequence and divided into severe infection group and non-severe infection group. The clinical data of the two groups were compared. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of severe RSV-associated ALRTI.Results:A total of 34 192 hospitalized children were diagnosed with ALRTI, and 8 113(23.73%) children were positive for respiratory tract viruses, including 4 028(11.78%) children with RSV infection, which was higher than other common respiratory tract viruses. Among the 4 028 RSV-positive children, 2 550(63.31%) were under six months of age, 3 623(89.95%) were under two years of age. The detection rates of RSV in spring, summer, autumn and winter were 6.47%(553/8 551), 2.46%(176/7 161), 12.85%(1 042/8 111) and 21.77%(2 257/10 369), respectively. In 347 hospitalized children with RSV-associated ALRTI, 54 cases were severe cases. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that RSV-positive patients complicated with respiratory diseases ( Z=3.43), cardiovascular diseases ( Z=4.96), non-exclusive breast-feeding ( Z=-1.97) and premature birth ( Z=-1.98) were independent risk factors for severe RSV-associated ALRTI (all P<0.050). Conclusions:RSV is the most important and common viral pathogen in hospitalized children with ALRTI in Shanghai, and infants under six months of age are the most susceptible to RSV. RSV patients complicated with respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, non-exclusive breast-feeding and premature birth are more likely to develope severe RSV-associated ALRTI.

Objective To investigate the relationship between multi‐dimensional myocardial strain and global cardiac function in different stages of cardiac dysfunction in spontaneously hypertensive rats ( SHR ) by two‐dimensional strain echocardiography . MethodsAccording to cardiac function measurements ,SHR of 28 to 102 weeks were divided into 3 groups :Normal group[ Group A , normal left ventricular ejection fraction( LVEF) and left ventricular end‐diastolic pressure( LVEDP) , n ＝13] ,diastolic dysfunction group ( Group B , normal LVEF but increased LVEDP , n ＝24) ,and systolic dysfunction group ( Group C ,decreased LVEF and increased LVEDP , n ＝ 17 ) ,with WKY rats at similar weeks of age as controls ( group a , n ＝ 7 ;group b , n ＝ 12 ; and group c , n ＝ 16 ) . Morphological parameters of left ventricular were measured by echocardiography . Using EchoPac workstation ,systolic peak longitudinal strain ,circumferential and radial strain were calculated at the left ventricular middle levels . Extracellular collagen content was observed histologically . Results Left atrial dimension increased in group B and larger in group C ,and dilated left ventricular and thickened wall were only found in group C .Systolic peak longitudinal strain of group B was significantly lower than group A and group a ( all P ＜ 0 .05 ) ,and deteriorated in group C( P ＜ 0 .05 ) ,while systolic peak circumferential and radial strain and LVEF were only significantly decreased in group C ( all P＜ 0 .05 ) ,w hile there was no significant difference between Group A and Group B( all P ＞0 .05) . Collagen content in endocardial and mid‐layer myocardium increased in group B and C , and increased epicardial collagen occurred in group C . Systolic peak longitudinal strain , circumferential and radial strain were correlated positively with LVEF( r ＝0 .65 ,0 .80 ,0 .80 ,all P ＜0 .01) . Conclusions In SHR ,systolic peak longitudinal strain obtained by echocardiography is decreased in the period of diastolic dysfunction ,w hile the damage of systolic peak circumferential and radial strain leads to the systolic dysfunction .

Objective: To investigate the relationship between multi-dimensional myocardial strain and global cardiac function in different stages of cardiac dysfunction in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) by two-dimensional strain echocardiography. Methods: According to cardiac function measurements, SHR of 28 to 102 weeks were divided into 3 groups: Normal group[Group A, normal left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure(LVEDP), n=13], diastolic dysfunction group (Group B, normal LVEF but increased LVEDP, n=24), and systolic dysfunction group (Group C, decreased LVEF and increased LVEDP, n=17), with WKY rats at similar weeks of age as controls (group a, n=7; group b, n=12; and group c, n=16). Morphological parameters of left ventricular were measured by echocardiography. Using EchoPac workstation, systolic peak longitudinal strain, circumferential and radial strain were calculated at the left ventricular middle levels. Extracellular collagen content was observed histologically. Results: Left atrial dimension increased in group B and larger in group C, and dilated left ventricular and thickened wall were only found in group C. Systolic peak longitudinal strain of group B was significantly lower than group A and group a(all P<0.05), and deteriorated in group C(P<0.05), while systolic peak circumferential and radial strain and LVEF were only significantly decreased in group C (all P<0.05), while there was no significant difference between Group A and Group B(all P>0.05). Collagen content in endocardial and mid-layer myocardium increased in group B and C, and increased epicardial collagen occurred in group C. Systolic peak longitudinal strain, circumferential and radial strain were correlated positively with LVEF(r=0.65, 0.80, 0.80, all P<0.01). Conclusions In SHR, systolic peak longitudinal strain obtained by echocardiography is decreased in the period of diastolic dysfunction, while the damage of systolic peak circumferential and radial strain leads to the systolic dysfunction.

OBJECTIVETo delineate the nature and origin of chromosomal copy number variants (CNVs) in a boy with mental retardation and multiple congenital malformation.

METHODSThe karyotypes of the patient and his parents were analyzed with routine G-banded chromosomal analysis. Genome DNA was analyzed by next generation sequencing (NGS).

RESULTSThe patient was found to harbor a structural aberration involving chromosome 3p. The karyotype of his father was 46,XY,t(3;7)(p26;q31), while his mother was found to be normal. NGS analysis of the patient revealed a 2.16 Mb microdeletion at 3p26.3-pter and a duplication at 7q31.33-qter.

CONCLUSIONThe structural aberration of 3p carried by the patient has derived from his father whom carried a balanced translocation of t(3;7), and his karyotype was finally determined as 46,XY,der(3) t(3;7)(p26.3;q31.33)pat. The abnormal phenotype of the patient can probably be attributed to the presence of 3p26.3-pter microdeletion and 7q31.33-qter duplication.

Objective To explore the feasibility of the deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) judging the indications and prognosis of the total knee arthroplasty based on the trained DCNN computer learning system.Methods C1FAR-10 DCNN model based on TensorFlow (an open source system,Google,USA) optimized by Alex Krizhevsky were constructed.There were 400 cases with knee osteoarthritis from different databases used for analysis.Three hundred patients underwent total knee arthroplasty,while 100 did not.X-ray of 200 preoperative cases from the 400 cases and their enlarged image (50 times) were applied for training DCNN,while the enlarged images from other 200 cases were used to test the DCNN.The correlation and the regression between judgment of the DCNN and clinical truth were analyzed.The clinical truths were rechecked three times and were confirmed by treatment results.Pearson correlation and linear regression analysis were used.The relation test of the software was only used as a reference.Results There was no significant difference between the baseline of cases for learning and test.After learning 200 cases,the DCNN judged the 10 000 cases enlarged from remaining 200 cases.The correlation between the DCNN judgment and the clinical truth was not significant (r=0.000,F=0.001,P=0.970).False positive was observed in 1 681 cases,false negative in 3 296.After enlarged to 10 000 images,the correlation between the two judgments was significant (F=11 228.735,P=0.000,r=0.727 and R2=0.529).The software detection precision was 0.860.Conclusion DCNN can be applied in judging the indications of the total knee arthroplasty.Large sample size can improve the accuracy of the judgment significantly.

Objective To analyze the urine trace albumin(mALb)/creatinine(Cr) ratio and blood uric acid(UA),and other various metabolic index level in patients with diabetic nephropathy(DN),combined with clinical data such as patients' age,body mass index(BMI),course of diseases,to explore the related mechanism of occurrence and development of DN.Methods 76 DN patients were selected.The microalbuminuria group(urinary mALb/Cr<300μg/mg) had 46 cases,the clinical albuminuria group(urinary mALb/Cr≥300μg/mg) included 30 cases,another 49 diabetic patients without kidney damage were seleted as control group.The urinary mALb/Cr,blood UA,fasting blood glucose(FBG),triacylglycerol(TG),total cholesterol(TC),high-density lipoprotein(HDL),low density lipoprotein(LDL),glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c) levels were determined.The BMI and the length of the course of the disease calculate.Results The patients' age,course of the disease,urinary mALb/Cr,blood UA,FBG,TC,TG,LDL,HbA1c and BMI level in the clinical albuminuria group and microalbuminuria group were significantly higher than those in the control group,the differences were statistically significant (F=6.18,12.48,141.43,12.48,8.49,4.98,6.18,3.89,3.17,3.89,all P<0.05).The high uric acid hematic disease rates of the clinical albuminuria group and microalbuminuria group were 26.09% and 26.09%,which were significantly higher than 10.20% of the control group,the differences were statistically significant(x2=4.074,24.833,all P<0.05).Urinary mALb/Cr was positively correlated with age,duration,BMI,UA,TG,TC,LDL,FBG,HbA1c(r=0.120,0.299,0.148,0.340,0.157,0.149,0.103,0.487,0.103).Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis suggested that duration,blood UA,FBG were independent risk factors of urinary mALb/Cr;TG,BMI,urinary mALb/Cr were independent risk factors for blood UA.Conclusion Urinary mALb/Cr and blood UA are the independent risk factors,high uric acid hematic disease may participate in the development process of DN,and diabetes duration,UA,BMI,TG,TC,LDL,FBG,HbA1C associated with increased urinary mALb/Cr excretory DN patients,the effective monitoring can improve the symptoms of DN and quality of life.

Objective To explore the status of glucocorticoid application in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in China.Methods Epidemiological survey was used.The SLE patients who met the 1997 classification criteria of American College of Rheumatology were enrolled.The usage of glucocorticoid and related adverse reactions were recorded and analyzed.Results A total of 400 SLE patients were enrolled,including 35 men and 365 women.The average age was (37.4 ± 14.0) years old,and the average duration of disease was (6.7 ± 5.8) years.There were 310 patients using glucocorticoid as maintenance.Sixty-one percent (n =244) patients started using medium dose (prednisone 30-＜ 60 mg/d) as the initial treatment of glucocorticoid,which lasted for (37 ± 11) days.The time of drug duration in patients with low dose prednisone (7.5-＜30 mg/d)and high dose (60-100 mg/d) was(92 ± 20)and (17 ± 3) days respectively (P ＜ 0.05 between 3 groups).However,patients receiving different initial dosage were of no discrepancy in the maintenance therapy.During maintenance,even though 51.0％ (n =158) patients were on prednisone 2.5-5 mg/d,the duration of drug use in ＞ 5-10 mg/d groupwas longer [(29.9 ± 3.3) months].Patients with involvement of internal organs had a higher tendency to use 60-100 mg/d prednisone or pulse-dose therapy in the initial treatment,nevertheless these two groups had no difference of maintenance dosage.Among all 400 patients,62 patients withdrew glucocorticoid,including 17 patients with disease remission (4.3％),44 by self-withdrawal and one with adverse reaction.Conclusion In China,the medium dosage of glucocorticoid is the most common initial treatment in patients with SLE.Prednisone 2.5-5 mg/d was the most common choicefor maintenance therapy.Currently,the proportion of glucocorticoid withdrawal remains low in SLE patients achieving remission.